SOCIALIZATION
• It is the process of shaping an
individual’s behaviour and
mindset in accordance with a
group or society’s values,
traditions and beliefs.
• The process of learning how to
live in a way acceptable to
one’s own society.
TWO PROCESS OF
SOCIALIZATION
● Enculturation
● Acculturation
ENCULTURATION
•The process by which
an individual adopts
the behaviour patterns
of the culture in
which he or she
immersed.
ENCULTURATION
• The process of learning
with the help of which an
individual graps the rules,
norms, and values of a
particular culture or
society of which he/she is
part of.
ACCULTURATION
•It refers to the
cultural
transformation of an
individual or a group
to adopt according to
another culture.
ACCULTURATION
• Cultural contact and interchange
process wherein a human being
adopts, learns, and adjust to
some or great extent as per the
values, rules, patterns and
practices of a new or prevailing
culture in the society, which is
not their native culture.
AGENTS OF SOCIETY
● Family
● School
● Mass Media
● Religion
● Government
● Peers
FAMILY
• First agent of socialization.
• Principal socializer of younger
members of the family.
• Teaches members how to
behave in socially acceptable
ways, develop emotional ties,
and internalize values and
norms.
FAMILY
• Individuals share the
patterns of the larger
culture, but retain the
unique values and
behavioral traits learned
from their family.
SCHOOL
• Molds the beliefs, values, and
attitudes of the students
through various academic
and social activities.
• Equips students which skills
that will enable them to fit
into larger society.
SCHOOL
• Teaches students to learn
the value of self-
improvement and hard
work through classroom
activities that give them
opportunities to apply their
knowledge and skills.
MASS MEDIA
• Distribute information to a wide
audience, via television, news
paper, radio and internet.
• Enable people to learn about
objects of material and
nonmaterial culture.
• Influence the way people look at
the world and make them change
their views.
MASS MEDIA
• Through cultural learning,
individuals have a chance to
communicate and imitate the
behavior of other people.
GOVERNMENT
• Ultimate source of authority
• Participate in socialization
through the implementation of
the laws of the country
• Regulates the behavior of its
citizens using rewards and
sanction
• Promotes the general welfare of
the people
PEER GROUPS
MEAD AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF
THE SOCIAL MIND (SELF)
• “Self” is a sociological
concept
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD
• Self develops through social
interactions
• FERAL CHILDREN- are huma children
who have lived away from human
contact from a very young age,
loving or social behavior, and
crucially, of human language. They
are confined by humans, brought up
by animals or live in the wild in
isolation.
4 STAGE PROCESS OF
THE DEVELOPMENT OF
THE SELF
•Imitation
•Play
•Game
IDENTITY FORMATION
• Development of an individual
distinct’s personality by
which he or she is recognized
or known.
• Cultural identity, National
identity, Religious identity
IDENTITY FORMATION
• CULTURAL IDENTITY- is one’s
feeling or affiliation with a
group or culture.
• ETHNIC IDENTITY- is the
identification with a certain
ethnicity.
IDENTITY FORMATION
• NATIONAL IDENTITY- is an ethical and
philosophical concept whereby all
humans are divided into groups called
nations.
• RELIGIOUS IDENTITY- is the set of
beliefs and practices generally held by
an individual involving adherence to
beliefs and rituals
NORMS AND VALUES
• VALUES- are general standards,
which decide what is good and
what is bad.
• NORMS- are rules and expectations
that specify how people should
and should not behave in various
social situations.
STATUS
•In general STATUS is associated
with prestige. It may be
because of individual’s lifestyle,
education, and vocation.
•It refers to a social position
that a person holds.
ASCRIBED STATUS
•Fixed for an
individual birth
•Include those based
upon sex, age, race
ethnic group and
family background.
ASCRIBED STATUS
•Social position a
person receives at
birth or takes on
involuntarily in life.
•Being a son, a
Filipino, a teenager
ACHIEVED STATUS
• Those which the individual
acquires during his or her
lifetime beacause of exercise,
ability, skill, and/or
perseverance.
• Honor student, boxing champion,
nurse, sofware writer
STATUS SET
•Refers to all
statuses a person
holds a given time.
ROLE
• ROLE- set of norms, values, behaviors
and personality characteristics
attached to a status. An individual
may play one or more roles.
• Refers to the behavior expected of
someone who holds a particular status.
ROLE SET
•All the behavior associated
with a particular status.
•COLLEGE PROFESSOR-
teaching, research, service,
etc.
ROLE STRAIN
• Occurs when a roles associated
with a single status clash
• Role of a teacher- as a
homeroom adviser, club adviser,
accomplishing paper works,
preparing instructional
materials
ROLE STRAIN
ROLE CONFLICT
•Conflict among the roles
connected to two or more
statuses
•Role of being a teacher, a
house wife, a mother, and a
daughter
ROLE CONFLICT
CONFORMITY AND DEVIANCE
• CONFORMITY and DEVIANCE are
two responses to real or imagined
pressures from others.
• CONFORMITY- means going along
one’s peers-individuals of a person
own status.
CONFORMITY
• Adjusting one’s behaviour or
thinking to correspond with group
criterion.
• THE CHAMELEON EFFECT- a
social psychology phenomenon
wherein people tend to make
themselves blend into the
environment.
Why do people conform?
• The need for acceptance and
approval of others.
• Fear of embarrassment , ridicule,
or rejection by group.
FORMS OF DEVIANCE
• INNOVATION- acceptance of
goals but not as means of
reaching them.
• RITUALISM- abandon of goals
but maintain expected
behaviors
FORMS OF DEVIANCE
•RETREATISM- reject both goals
and means of reaching them.
•REBELLION- seek to substitute
new goals and means for
existing goals and means.
TYPES OF DEVIANCE
•Merton’s Anomie or Role Strain
Model
• Symbolic Interactionism
•Conflict Theory
•Gender/Ethicity/Sexuality
studies
SOCIAL CONTROL
•Concept that refers to the ways
in which people’s thoughts,
feelings, apperance, and
behavior are regulated in social
systems.
SOCIAL CONTROL
•Concept that refers to the ways
in which people’s thoughts,
feelings, apperance, and
behavior are regulated in social
systems.
PURPOSE OF SANCTION
•SANCTION-
•To encourage people to follow
social norm.
IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL
CONTROL
•SOCIAL STABILITY- For society
to function smoothly
