SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH support his/her claims.

In doing this the

- writing scientific research enhanced current Situation/Topic presented, the
critical and analytical thinking skill through Problem/Problems identified, the Solution
providing an avenue on problem-based given and the Purpose stated was strongly
learning. Students creativity were also justified. In order for you to easily
developed as they deal with different remember the basic requirement in writing
researches. the background of the study just think of
the acronym SPSP;
CHAPTER 1
Introduction, this part consists of the S – Situation (What is the current issues,
background of the study, statement of the situation, events or findings?)
problem, hypothesis, scope and
limitation, significance of the study, and definition P – Problem (What is the problems/gaps due to
of terms. The strength of the research project is this situations or findings?)
initially measured at this part. It is in this chapter
that the researcher will give an overview of what S - Solution (What solution do you propose to
the research is all about and how the research solve the problem?)
topic was conceptualized. A strong introduction
will motivate the reader to further read the study. P – Purpose (What is your reason or rationale in
doing so?)
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- a historical discussion of literature leading STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
on the development of your purpose in A good problem could be characterized in the
conducting the study. following terms;
- A clear presentation of the context of Specific
research must be done in this part. - Problems must be stated in clear terms
- The researcher may start from the general directed in single topic which is actually
idea going to a specific topic of concern. meat of the study. Stating the problems
In this part the researcher must justify the clearly directs the researcher to the goal
conduct of the study. of the study, the possible methods to be
- A vivid discussion on how the researcher used, the research design, sampling
came out with the topic is done in this method, and other aspects needed in the
part. The challenge is to present your study.
ideas in chronological order and
identifying the gaps or problems due to Measurable
the circumstances presented. - A statement of the problem was said to be
- After presenting the problem a proposed measurable if the researcher were able to
solution is proudly stated. Significance of determine the specific methods/standards
the said solution is briefly stated ending it to be use in answering it. If the researcher
with the purpose of the study. failed in doing this it will be necessary to
reject the problem.
- What is already known about the topic?
- Is there gaps or problems seen on the Attainable
topic presented? - In the process of formulating the problem
- What will you do to address the the researcher must consider if the
gaps/problems identified? problem stated can be answered
- Is there a significance in addressing this systematically. If problems stated and
gaps or problems? identified thus not conform on standards,
- What is your reason or rationale in had no possible solution and exceeds the
addressing this gaps or problems? capability of the researcher then the
problem can be considered as null and
- Effective writing of the background of the void.
study requires a writer to cite literature to
Realistic
- Researches were done to answer or statement of the problem is necessary.
address problems present in the
community. Thus, in formulating problem it 2. Search for Literature
is necessary to consider the feasibility of - In case that you don’t have enough
answering the problems based on the information on the variables identified in
norms and standards identified. Past your problem it is deemed necessary for
studies, current issues and events must you to conduct a literature search about it.
be considered as basis of the problem set. A researcher could not formulate an
Feasibility of solving or answering the educated guess without any knowledge on
problem is at high rate. variables present in the study.

Time Bounded 3. Formulate the hypothesis

- This simply pertains to the time sets in - Write your hypothesis in clear and concise
order to answer the problems stated. In sentence. Clear relationship among
the advent that the problem set thus not fit variables should be seen in the statement
required timeline in doing the research a of your hypothesis. A predicted result or
revision or rejection of the problem is answer to your problem is also presented.
needed. In academic or scientific researches, it is
stated in cause and effect relationship,
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM correlation or description of variables
1. It promotes further research or being studied. There were two types of
investigation. hypothesis being presented.
2. It addressed gap in existing body of
knowledge. AlternativeHypothesis/Directional Hypothesis
3. Ethical consideration was displayed in the - A hypothesis that shows relationship or
problem. association between variables. It is represented
4. Significant contribution to existing body of by this symbol H1 or Ha
research were observed.
5. The problem is suited in the interest, skills, NullHypothesis/Non-Directional Hypothesis
and time of the researcher. - A hypothesis that shows no relationship or
6. The problem should render itself to association between variables. It is represented
investigation through collection of data. by this symbol H0.

HYPOTHESIS SCOPE AND LIMITATION

- After relating the background of the study, - defined as the do’s and don’ts in a study.
and stating your general and specific - Scope pertains to things been done in the
problems variables are already study which include the general purpose,
determined in the study. The researcher topic or variable included in the studies,
as this point must have enough literature time covered to conduct the study, and the
to support his possible answer in the place where the study is conducted.
study. This possible answer supported - It answers the what, who, where, and
with enough literature is what we called as when of the study.
hypothesis. - Limitation of the study, discuss the things
that was not done in the study. It set the
STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS boundaries of the study. It answers the
1. Identify/recall your research questions. question why? Why you decided not to
- The research question will present to you include this population or method, why
the variables included in your research. you didn’t used this method of testing over
How will you treat the problem will guide the other. This were only few questions
you on how you will formulate the that will help you to effectively set the
hypothesis? In formulating hypothesis, a boundaries of your research.
clear and testable
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- Justifying the needs to conduct your study
is best done in this part of the introduction.
A study needs to be worthwhile in order to
motivate reader, researcher, inventor and
other people in the field. It could be done
by citing the significant contribution of your
study in a particular field, how it could
improve individual’s life, or what
innovation it will offer. The group or
individual who will benefit in the conduct of
the study are described in this part.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
- Conceptual definition pertains to
definition provided or readily seen in
dictionary. While Functional definition is
given based on how the words is used in
specific or particular work.

- How we can effectively determine the

words to be included in the definition of
terms. You may follow these steps;

1. Identify the variables and methods used in

the study.

2. Make a concept maps for variables

identified and methods used

3. Determine which of this word needs to be

defined and would help a lot in
understanding your work.

4. Arrange this word alphabetically and give

its functional or operational definition.
Tula
-Isang masining na anyo ng panitikan na naglalayong
maipahayag ang damdamin ng makata o manunulat
niyo sa
matipid na pamamaraan

May walong elemento

ang tula.

1. Anyo - paano isusulat ang tula

Maaaring maging
 Malayang taludturan
 Tradisyonal
 May sukat na walang tugma
 May sukat na may tugma

2. Kariktan - pagtataglay ng salitang umaakit o

pumupukaw sa damdamin ng mga
mambabasa.