TYPEWRITER

- it is writing machine with a keyboard for producing letters, figures, symbols and other
resembling printed ones.
- Is a hand-operated character printer for printing written messages one character at a time. It can
be either mechanical or electromechanical.

HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF TYPEWRITERS

- The first patent, however, was granted by QUEEN ANNE of England to HENRY MILL IN 1714 for a
machine designed to reproduce a letter of the alphabet.
- In 1829, WILLIAM AUSTIN BURT of Detroit, invented the TYPOGRAPHER.
- In 1833 a French patent was given to the French inventor XAVIER PROGIN for a machine that
embodied for the first time one of the principles employed in modern typewriters: the use for
each letter or symbol of separate typebars, actuated by separate lever keys.
- In 1856, American inventor Alfred Ely Beach developed a machine resembling the modern
typewriter in the arrangements of its keys and typebars, but embossed its letters on a narrow
paper strip instead of a sheet.
- In 1874, Christopher Latham Sholes entered an agreement with ELIPHALET REMINGTON AND
SONS, GUNSMITH & SEWING MACHINES MANUFACTURERS, a company produced the
REMINGTON MODEL I.
- Four years later, REMINGTON MODEL II was introduced having both the lower and upper case of
the alphabet.
- MARK TWAIN (Samuel Clemens) was among the first to buy a typewriter and the first to submit
a written manuscript to a publisher.
- The first practical electric typewriter was invented in 1914 by JAMES F. SMATHERS of Kansas
City.
- In 1933, the International Business Machines, Inc. (IBM), introduced the first commercially
successful electric typewriter to the business world.
- The first basic change in typewriting operation appeared in 1961. Despite of the revolutionary
advances in typewriting capabilities, one essential element has remained, nicknamed QWERTY
for the top line of letters, was designed to make it easier for salesman to use the machine.

PARTS OF TYPEWRITER

- Platen knob
- Feed roller
- carriage return lever
- ribbon reverse button
- type wheel
- type lever
- space bar
- shift key
- key top
- typebars
- ribbon spool
- paper finger
 - platen
- paper table
- type guide (aligns type); ribbon vibrator (raises & lowers ribbon)
- decal
- carriage release lever

KINDS OF TYPEWRITER

- ELITE is a type of typewriter that can type 12 characters to an inch and 102 characters on one
whole sheet of paper.
- PICA has big prints and can type ten characters to an inch and 85 characters on a sheet of paper.

TYPEWRITNG IDENTIFICATION

- Identification of typewriting is done primarily to determine the make and/ or model of the
typewriter used to produce a document, or whether or not a particular suspect typewriter might
have been used to produce a document.
- Typewriting identification is generally requested in order to determine:
 The type, make, and model of the machine that produced the questioned documents
 Whether a particular typewriter produced a specific document
 When the questioned document was produced
 Whether the typed material was produced continuously

THE LANDMARKS (PRINCIPLES) OF TYPEWRITNG IDENTIFICATION

1. The typefaces used by the different type writer manufacturer can be differentiated on the basis
of design and have dating significance.
2. Through usage, typewriters develop individuality which can serve to identify the typewriting of a
particular typewriter.
3. The gradual development of typewriting individuality plus ribbon condition and typeface.
Cleanliness can be used to date a document of fix it written a period of time.
4. Horizontal and vertical alignment, tilting characters, lack of uniformity of impression (off-
footedness); typeface score, breadths, defects and deformities all serve to identify the type
writing of a particular machine.
5. Peculiar habits of striking the type writer keys, spacing, arrangement, punctuations, mistakes,
corrections, can be used to identify a typist or differentiate typists.
6. A sheet of paper cannot be reinserted in a typewriter in exact register with previous typing done
on the sheet of paper.

TECHNIQUES IN TYPEWITING IDENTIFICATION

1. The design, size and proportions of all the characters.

2. The relation of the characters as printed to adjacent characters or the vertical and horizontal
alignment.
3. The vertical position of the character in relation to the line of writing that its perpendicularity or
slant to the left or right.
4. The comparative weight of impression of the upper, lower, right or left sides of each character or
how the type stands “on its feet”.
 5. The condition of the typeface and the presence of defects, bruises or scars in the letters due to
wear or accidents.

TYPEWRITER DEFECTS

1. Horizontal Mal-alignment
2. Off its Feet
3. Permanent defect
4. Platen
5. Proportional spacing typewriter
6. Rebound
7. Ribbon
8. Ribbon impression
9. San-serif
10. Serif
11. Transitory defects
12. Typeface defects
13. Twisted letter
14. Vertical Mal-alignment
15. Warp
16. Woof