Prepositions  Time
English
  on in       at     since  days of the week months / seasons time of day year after a certain period of time (when?) for night for weekend a certain point of time (when?) from a certain point of time (past till now) over a certain period of time (past till now) a certain time in the past earlier than a certain point of time telling the time telling the time marking the beginning and end of a period of time in the sense of how long something is going to last in the sense of at the latest up to a certain time
Usage
         on Monday
Example
in August / in winter in the morning in 2006 in an hour at night at the weekend at half past nine since 1980
for
for 2 years
ago  before  to 
2 years ago before 2004 ten to six (5:50) ten past six (6:10) from Monday to/till Friday
past  to / till /  until till / until
He is on holiday until Friday.
by
I will be back by 6 oclock. By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages.
Prepositions  Place (Position and Direction)
English
 in    
Usage
room, building, street, town, country book, paper etc. car, taxi picture, world    
Example
in the kitchen, in London in the book in the car, in a taxi in the picture, in the world
English
 at    
Usage
meaning next to, by an object for table for events   
Example
at the door, at the station at the table at a concert, at the party at the cinema, at school, at work
place where you are to do something  typical (watch a film, study, work) attached for a place with a river being on a surface for a certain side (left, right) for a floor in a house for public transport for television, radio       
on
the picture on the wall London lies on the Thames. on the table on the left on the first floor on the bus, on a plane on TV, on the radio Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car. the bag is under the table
by, next to,  beside  under 
left or right of somebody or something 
on the ground, lower than (or covered  by) something else lower than something else but above ground covered by something else meaning more than 
below 
the fish are below the surface
over
put a jacket over your shirt over 16 years of age walk over the bridge climb over the wall a path above the lake
getting to the other side (also across)  overcoming an obstacle higher than something else, but not directly over it getting to the other side (also over) getting to the other side
above 
across  
walk across the bridge swim across the lake drive through the tunnel
through 
something with limits on top, bottom  and the sides movement to person or building movement to a place or country for bed enter a room / a building    
to
go to the cinema go to London / Ireland go to bed go into the kitchen / the house go 5 steps towards the house
into
towards 
movement in the direction of something 
English
Usage
(but not directly to it)
Example
onto from
movement to the top of something in the sense of where from
jump onto the table a flower from the garden
Other important Prepositions
English
  from  of     by on        in  who gave it who/what does it belong to what does it show who made it walking or riding on horseback entering a public transport vehicle entering a car / Taxi leaving a public transport vehicle leaving a car / Taxi rise or fall of something travelling (other than walking or horseriding) for age for topics, meaning what about
Usage
          
Example
a present from Jane a page of the book the picture of a palace a book by Mark Twain on foot, on horseback get on the bus get in the car get off the train get out of the taxi prices have risen by 10 percent by car, by bus
off  out of  by  
at
she learned Russian at 45 we were talking about you
about