UNIT 1
THE UNIQUENESS OF SOFTWARE QUALITY
ASSURANCE
1. High complexity, as compared to other industrial products
2. Invisibility of the product
3. Opportunities to detect defects (“bugs”) are limited to the product development
phase
The fundamental differences between software products (including firmware) and
other products are caused by the higher product complexity, by the invisibility of
software and by the nature of the product development and production process. These
differences create the need for an SQA methodology and tools for SQA that will meet
the special and different challenges for the development and operation of quality
assurance for software.
UNDERSTANDING SOFTWARE
Software can be defined as computer programs, procedures, and possibly associated
documentation and data pertaining to the operation of a computer system.
or
Software, from the SQA perspective, is the combination of computer programs (the
“code”), procedures, documentation, and data necessary for operating the software
system. The combination of all four components is needed to assure the quality of the
development process as well as the ensuing long years of maintenance.
Software Errors
By
Name:- Mrigendra Agrawal Name:- PARV KUMAR SINGHAL
SAPID:- 500080975 SAPID:- 500086935
BATCH:-AI/ML (Hons.) B6 BATCH:-CSF (Hons.)
Name:- SAUMYA RANA Name:- NITISH BHATT
SAPID:- 500083958 SAPID:- 500083012
BATCH:-CSF (Hons.) BATCH:-CSF (Hons.)
Software errors
UNDERSTANDING SOFTWARE
FAULTS IN SOFTWARE QUALITY
ASSURANCE
A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW
Presented by:
Satyam Gupta
Manav Talreja
Gautam Gupta
Abik Chakraborty
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
• Introduction 01
• Types 02
• Detection Methods 03
• Management Solution 04
• Prevention Technqiues 05
• Conclusion 06
07
INTRODUCTION
Software faults, also known as bugs or defects, are
unintended errors in computer programs that cause
them to behave unexpectedly or produce incorrect
results. They can occur at any stage of development
and can result from human error,
miscommunication, or misunderstandings of
requirements. Identifying and fixing faults is crucial
for ensuring software reliability and performance.
TYPES OF SOFTWARE FAULTS
01 02 03 04 05
SYNTAX ERRORS LOGICAL ERRORS RUNTIME ERRORS INTERFACE ERRORS INTEGRATION ERRORS
Mistakes in the code Flaws in the algorithm or Issues that occur while the Problems with how Failures that arise when
structure that violate the reasoning of the code, program is executing, different software integrating individual
rules of the programming leading to incorrect such as division by zero or components interact or modules or components
language. behavior. accessing invalid memory. exchange data. into a larger system
Example: Missing Example: Incorrect Example: Division by zero Example: A function Example: In a web
semicolon at the end of a calculation in a loop in Python expects input in a specific application, a frontend
line format but receives data component doesn't
in a different format correctly communicate
with the backend API.
TESTING
This involves systematically executing the software to identify
defects. It includes various techniques such as unit testing,
integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing.
CODE REVIEWS
Developers or peers review the code to find errors,
ensure adherence to coding standards, and improve
overall quality.
FUZZ TESTING
Inputs are systematically mutated or generated to
find unexpected behaviors or vulnerabilities in the
software.
FAULT INJECTION
Introducing faults deliberately into the system to
observe how it behaves under such conditions, helping
to identify weaknesses and improve fault tolerance.
MANAGING SOFTWARE FAULTS
Root Cause Analysis (RCA) Prioritization Version Control
• Analyze faults to identify the • Assess the severity and • Utilize version control
underlying root causes rather impact of each fault to systems (e.g., Git,
than just addressing symptoms. prioritize them effectively. Subversion) to track
• Techniques such as the 5 Whys, • Consider factors such as the changes to the software
Fishbone Diagrams (Ishikawa), frequency of occurrence, the codebase, facilitating
or Fault Tree Analysis help criticality of affected collaboration, and
uncover deeper issues functionalities, and potential enabling rollbacks in
contributing to faults. business impact. case of faults introduced
by new code.
CI/CD Fault Tolerance and Resilience
• Automate the integration, • Design software systems to withstand faults and continue operating in
testing, and deployment degraded or compromised conditions.
processes to detect and • Techniques such as redundancy, failover mechanisms, and graceful
address faults early in the degradation help maintain system functionality despite faults.
development lifecycle, • lities, and potential business impact.
promoting rapid and reliable
software delivery.
PREVENTION METHODS
1. Clear Requirements: Gather comprehensive and
unambiguous requirements before development.
2.Design Reviews: Conduct thorough design reviews to catch
potential issues early.
3.Coding Standards: Enforce coding standards and best
practices for consistency and reliability.
4.Automated Testing: Use automated testing to detect faults
throughout development.
5.Static Analysis Tools: Employ static analysis tools to identify
and address code issues.
6.Dependency Management: Manage dependencies carefully
to prevent conflicts and vulnerabilities.
7.Documentation and Knowledge Sharing: Maintain
documentation and encourage knowledge sharing among
team members.
8.Security by Design: Integrate security considerations into the
development process.
CONCLUSION
• In conclusion, preventing software faults is essential for robust and
01 reliable software. By prioritizing clear requirements, thorough design
reviews, and adherence to coding standards, we lay a strong
foundation.
• Automated testing, static analysis tools, and careful dependency
management further fortify our defenses. Integration of security
02 considerations and fostering a culture of continuous improvement
ensure ongoing vigilance. Together, these strategies form a
comprehensive approach to minimize faults and deliver high-quality
software to our users.
Software Failures
Presented by: Presented to:
Anhad Dahat : 500086186 Dr. Prateek Gupta
Ayush Soni : 500082833
Ayush Pundir : 500088059
Sanskar Aggarwal : 500087232
Vipul Tushir : 500084036
Introduction to
Software Failure
Software failure can have serious consequences, from financial losses to
to jeopardized safety and security. Understanding the common causes, impact,
causes, impact, and prevention strategies is crucial for ensuring reliable and
reliable and high-quality software.
Common Causes of Software
Failure
1 Design Flaws 2 Implementation Errors
Inadequate system architecture, poor Bugs, code defects, and integration
poor requirements gathering, and lack problems during the development
lack of user testing can lead to design process can cause software to
design issues that result in software malfunction or crash.
software failures.
3 Environmental Factors 4 Human Errors
Hardware failures, network issues, and Mistakes made by developers, testers,
and changes in operating conditions can testers, or users during the software
conditions can disrupt software software lifecycle can introduce
performance and lead to failures. vulnerabilities and cause failures.
Common types of software
failures in SQA
1 Functional Failures 2 Performance Failures
Occur when the software does not These failures occur when the software
perform its intended functions correctly. software does not meet its performance
correctly. performance requirements. For
instance, an e-commerce website might
might experience slow response times
times under heavy user load.
3 Security Failures 4 Usability Failures
These failures occur when the software These failures occur when the software
software is vulnerable to security software is difficult to use or
threats such as hacking, data breaches, understand.
breaches, or unauthorized access.
5 Reliability Failures
These failures occur when the software is prone to crashes, errors, or unexpected behavior.
Consequences of Software Failure
Financial Impact Reputational Safety and
Damage Security Risks
Software failures can result
result in significant financial High-profile software In critical systems, software
financial losses, including failures can severely software failures can
including lost revenue, legal damage a company's jeopardize user safety,
legal liabilities, and the cost reputation and erode compromise sensitive data,
cost of system downtime customer trust, making it data, and expose
downtime and recovery. difficult to retain and attract organizations to
new clients. cybersecurity threats.
Importance of Software Quality
Assurance
Proactive Approach Risk Mitigation
Software quality assurance helps identify Quality assurance processes and testing
identify and address issues early in the testing strategies can help mitigate the
the development lifecycle, preventing the risks of software failures, ensuring
costly and disruptive software failures. reliable and secure systems.
failures.
Competitive Advantage Regulatory Compliance
Delivering high-quality software can give Robust quality assurance practices are
give organizations a competitive edge, are often required to meet industry
edge, improving customer satisfaction and regulations and standards, protecting
satisfaction and market reputation. organizations from legal and financial
penalties.
Techniques for Identifying and
Preventing Software Failure
1 Requirements Analysis
Thorough analysis of system requirements to identify potential points of failure and
ensure the software meets user needs.
2 Design Reviews
Rigorous reviews of the software architecture and design to detect and address flaws
address flaws before implementation.
3 Static Code Analysis
Automated tools to scan the codebase for defects, security vulnerabilities, and
and coding best practices violations.
Role of Testing in Software
Quality Assurance
Unit Testing Integration End-to-End User
Testing Testing Acceptance
Verifying the
Testing
functionality of Ensuring the smooth Simulating real-
individual software integration and world scenarios to Involving end-users
software interoperability of validate the entire users to ensure the
components to different software system's behavior the software meets
identify and fix components. and performance. meets their
defects early. requirements and
expectations.
Strategies for Mitigating
Software Failure Risks
Robust Testing Continuous Disaster Recovery
Improvement
Implementing Developing contingency
comprehensive testing Continuously monitoring contingency plans and
strategies to identify and monitoring software backup procedures to
and address defects before performance, analyzing minimize the impact of
before deployment. failures, and implementing software failures.
implementing corrective
corrective actions.
Conclusion and Key Takeaways
1 Understand Common 2 Recognize Consequences
Causes
Software failures can have serious
Design flaws, implementation errors, financial, reputational, and
environmental factors, and human safety/security implications for
mistakes can all contribute to software organizations.
failures.
3 Prioritize Quality Assurance 4 Implement Mitigation
Strategies
Proactive quality assurance practices
practices and rigorous testing are Robust testing, continuous
essential for mitigating the risks of improvement, and disaster recovery
software failure. recovery plans can help organizations
organizations effectively manage
software failure risks.
Classification of the
causes of software errors
Group 3
ATUL BELWAL 500084233
SHASHVAT 500083371
NAUTIYAL SHIVAM 500084954
GOEL 500082296
PRATHAM PRATAP SINGH 500082708
DEVYANSH SAMYAL
Content
1.Understanding Software Errors
2. Causes of Software Errors
3. Mitigating Software Errors
Understanding Software Errors
Software errors are flaws or bugs in a program that
cause it to behave unexpectedly or incorrectly, often
stemming from mistakes in code writing or design.
Types of Software Errors
Syntax Errors Logic Errors Runtime Errors
These are Occur when the These occur during the
grammatical errors code runs but execution of the
in the code that produces the program and can cause
prevent it from being wrong result due to it to terminate
executed. flawed logic. abnormally.
Impact of Software Errors
Operational Data Reputation
Disruption Corruption Damage
Software errors Errors can result Persistent errors
can lead to system in the corruption can tarnish the
crashes or or loss of critical reputation of the
malfunctions, data, leading to software and its
disrupting normal significant developers.
operations. setbacks.
Detecting Software Errors
Testing Methods Error Logging User Feedback
Various testing Implementing error Encouraging users to
techniques such as unit logging mechanisms report errors they
testing, integration helps in identifying encounter provides
testing, and system and diagnosing errors valuable insights into
testing are employed to during runtime. potential issues.
detect errors.
Addressing Software Errors
Debugging Patch Releases Continuous
Improvement
The process of Developers often
identifying, Emphasizing
release patches or continuous
isolating, and updates to fix
fixing errors in the improvement in the
known errors and development
code is crucial for vulnerabilities.
addressing process can help
software errors. prevent recurring
errors.
Causes of Software Errors
Development Process Flaws
Poor Planning
Inadequate project planning and
management can lead to rushed
development, resulting in errors.
Inadequate Testing
Skipping or insufficient testing can allow
undetected errors to permeate the software.
Lack of Documentation
Inadequate documentation of code and
processes can lead to errors during
maintenance and updates.
Human Factors
Lack of Expertise
Inexperienced or inadequately trained
developers may introduce errors in the
software.
Negligence
Careless coding practices, such as copy-
pasting without validation, can lead to errors.
Communication Issues
Poor communication within the development
team can result in misunderstandings and
errors.
Mitigating Software Errors
Robust Development Practices
Code Reviews Adherence to Automated
Implementing Standards Testing
thorough code
reviews can help Following coding Leveraging
identify errors and standards and automated testing
improve code best practices can tools can help
quality. minimize the detect errors early
occurrence of in the development
errors. cycle.
Training and Skill Development
Developer Training
Providing comprehensive training and skill
development programs can enhance the
expertise of the development team.
Quality Assurance Practices
Implementing robust quality assurance practices
can help prevent errors from permeating the
software.
Communication Issues
Facilitating knowledge sharing sessions can help
disseminate best practices and error prevention
strategies.
Risk Management and
Contingency Planning
Risk Contingency Disaster
Assessment Plans Recovery
Conducting Developing Implementing
thorough risk contingency plans robust disaster
assessments can for error recovery plans can
help identify resolution and help restore
potential sources recovery can operations in the
of errors and mitigate the event of critical
vulnerabilities. impact of errors. errors.
Software Quality
Assurance
- Definition, Need, and
Objectives
Ensuring Excellence in Software
Development
Group 19
Raghav Bohra (500082928)
Abhi Khurana (500083764)
Vivek Anand (500082607)
Bhumika (500083487)
Raghav Singh Chauhan (500082812)
Introduction
• Definition: SQA refers to the systematic process of
ensuring that software meets specified quality standards
throughout its development life cycle.
• Importance: SQA plays a crucial role in enhancing
customer satisfaction, reducing development costs, and
minimizing risks associated with software failure.
• Objective: To understand the concept, need, and
objectives of SQA in software development.
Key Components
• SQA involves processes, procedures, and standards that are
applied throughout the software development life cycle to verify
and validate the quality of the software
• Software Quality Assurance, commonly known as SQA,
encompasses a set of systematic activities implemented within a
software development project
• It's crucial to understand that SQA involves various processes,
procedures, and standards applied throughout the software
development life cycle to verify and validate the quality of the
software
Ensuring Customer Satisfaction: SQA
ensures that software meets customer
expectations and requirements, leading to
increased satisfaction
Need for
Software Cost Reduction: By identifying and rectifying
defects early in the development process,
Quality
SQA helps in reducing overall development
costs
Assurance
Minimizing Risks: SQA helps in minimizing
the risks associated with software failure,
which can have significant consequences on
businesses and users
Ensuring Compliance: SQA ensures that
software development processes
comply with industry standards and
regulations
Objectives of
Defect Prevention: SQA aims to prevent
Software defects from occurring by
implementing effective processes and
Quality methodologies
Assurance
Continuous Improvement: SQA
facilitates continuous improvement by
analyzing feedback, metrics, and data to
enhance the development process
Recap: Software Quality Assurance is
essential for ensuring that software
meets specified quality standards,
reducing costs, and minimizing risks
Importance: Understanding the need
and objectives of SQA is crucial for
Conclusion successful software development
projects
Call to Action: Implementing robust
SQA processes can lead to improved
software quality and customer
satisfaction
SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCE
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING,
SOFTWARE QUALITY FACTORS
Team Members:
Nitesh Vishwakarma: B6(AIML-H) 500082879
Bhavesh Prashar: CSF B1 (H) 500083550
S. Rajeswara Reddy: AIML B6(H) 500082371
Dev Kumar: CSF(H) 500083054
Software Quality
Assurance (SQA)
It is a vital aspect of software development that aims to ensure
that developed software meets specified quality requirements.
• Requirements Analysis: Understand and document clear,
achievable requirements at the outset of the project
• Testing: Comprehensive testing is crucial. This includes
functional testing, non-functional testing (such as
performance, security, usability),
• Test Planning and Documentation: Develop detailed test
plans and test cases to cover all aspects of the software.
• Automation: Utilize test automation where possible to
increase efficiency and reliability of testing,
• Defect Tracking and Management: Establish a process for
identifying, documenting, prioritizing, and resolving defects
https://www.professionalqa.com/assets/images/sqa3.png
found during testing.
• WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF
SOFTWARE QUALITY
ASSURANCE (SQA)?
• Reduces Costs: SQA reduces
the cost of your software projects
and helps you achieve optimal
project timing. An effective SQA
process helps developers discover
problems at the earliest possible
moment.
• Ensures Competitiveness
and
Trustworthiness: Software
architects carefully examine each
building block in the software
development process against
industry standards.
• Protects Your Brand: Prior to
introducing a product to the
market, businesses must
guarantee that it functions as
planned.
Software Engineering
Software engineering, like other disciplines, is based on
the use of well-defined practices for ensuring the
quality of its products. In software engineering, there
are several standards, which are guides for management
practices.
The four principles for the development of ISO
standards are:
– ISO standards meet a market need.
– ISO standards are based on worldwide expertise.
– ISO standards are the result of a multi-stakeholder
process.
– ISO standards are based on consensus.
Standards in the ISO 9000 family include:
• ISO 9001:2015 - sets out the requirements of a quality
management system
• ISO 9000:2015 - covers the basic concepts and
language
• ISO 9004:2009 - focuses on how to make a quality
management system more efficient and effective
• ISO 19011:2011 - sets out guidance on internal and
external audits of quality management systems.
Main business models in software industry are:
– Custom systems written on contract: The organization
makes profits by selling tailored software development
services for clients.
– Custom software written in-house: The organization
develops software to improve organizational efficiency.
– Commercial software: The company makes profits by
developing and selling software to other organizations.
– Mass-market software: The company makes profits by
developing and selling software to consumers.
– Commercial and mass-market firmware: The company
makes profits by selling software in embedded hardware
and systems.
Other software engineering models
ITIL Framework and ISO/IEC 20000:
ITIL describes the support center function and the following
five processes:
• Incident management
• Problem management
• Configuration management
• Change management
• Commissioning management
CobiT Process:
CobiT version 5 covers 34 generic guidance processes and
318 control objectives divided into four process domains:
• planning and organization;
• acquisition and implementation;
• distribution and support;
• monitoring and surveillance.
Software Quality Factors
