BIOL1128- General Biology II 1
Asexual reproduction - a mode of reproduction in
which a new offspring is produced by a single
parent.
Requires only one parent
Offspring have 100% the same chromosomes as
the parent.
In other words, the offspring are exact “clones” of
the parent.
Most unicellular organisms
reproduce this way.
Mitosis
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Asexual Reproduction
Five types of asexual reproduction:
1. Binary fission
2. Budding
3. Regeneration
4. Fragmentation
5. Spores (Plants)
6. Vegetative reproduction (Plants)
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Asexual Reproduction
1. Binary Fission - separation of the body into two new bodies. In
the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and then divides into two parts (cytokinesis),
with each new organism receiving one copy of DNA.
Examples: bacteria, protists
Binary fission is a form of asexual
reproduction where every organelle
is copied and the organism divides
in two.
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Asexual Reproduction
2. Budding - a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism
develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular
site.
Ex. Hydra
Budding is a means of
asexual reproduction
whereby a new individual
develops from an
outgrowth of a parent,
splits off, and lives
independently.
Source:
https://www.insidescience.org/news/how-
hydra-regrow-their-heads
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Asexual Reproduction
3. Regeneration - occurs when a body part has broken off
and the organism grows a new one.
Ex. Lizard, starfish
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Asexual Reproduction
4. Fragmentation- involves the breaking of the body of the
parents into several parts. Each division is capable of developing
into a new individual.
Ex. Some cnidarians, platyhelminthes
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Sexual Reproduction
Requires two parents that each share ½ of the genetic
information.
Offspring share the characteristics of each parent.
Meiosis
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Sexual Reproduction
All the members of the Animal
Kingdom
Fish
Mammals
Amphibians
Birds
Reptiles
Insects
Crustaceans
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Advantages vs Disadvantages of Asexual
Reproduction
Advantages Disadvantages
Asexual reproduction Same DNA being passed
produces more offspring down→ NO GENETIC
Asexual reproduction takes VARIATION IN THE
less time OFFSPRING
Only one parent involved. No If parent has genetic disease
searching for mates offspring will have it too
Requires less energy
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Advantages vs. Disadvantages of
Sexual Reproduction
Advantages Disadvantages
Variation in offspring Requires two organisms.
Organism is more protected Must find a mate
because of genetic variation requires more cellular energy
More time required for
offspring development
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Sexual Reproduction
Examples of organisms that reproduce sexually
Chickens
Iguanas
Lobsters
Sharks
Humans
Butterflies
Sunflowers
Roses
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Sexual Reproduction
Happens 2 ways
Internally (inside)
The egg is fertilized by sperm inside the female
Mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, spiders
Externally (outside)
The egg is fertilized by sperm outside the female
The female lays the eggs and then the male fertilizes
them.
Fish and some amphibians
Plants and fungi (pollen and spores)
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PREPARED SLIDES
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Specimen: Paramecium Specimen: Euglena
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Specimen: Amoeba proteus
Specimen: Hydra
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http://medcell.org/histology/ovary_follicle.php
Specimen: Human ovary sect Specimen: Human ovary sect
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