CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

This chapter covers the background to the steady statement of the problems objectives of the

steady significance of the study delimitation limitations and definitions of terms.

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The project was inspired by the concept night bloomers flower .A flower sometimes known as a

bloom or blossom is a reproductive structure found in plants. Flowers have long been admired

and used by humans to bring beauty to the environment, and also as objects of romance, rituals,

medicine and as a source of food.

Nights blooming water lily is a type of flower which has rounded variously notched, waxy

coated leaves oblong stalks that contain many air spaces and float in quite fresh water habitats.

The fragrance, solitary flowers are borne at or above the water surface on long stalks that are

attached to the underground stems.

Antares flowers is the most vigorous growers of all red nights blooming flowers. The Petals are

dark rosy red and the flowers range from 8 to 12 inches. The flowers open in the evening and

close up in the late morning hours.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

It has been observed that most fashion designers normally comes out with designs and translates

them into outfits using ideas or design that are already in existence. They do not consider the
combination of elements and application of principles such as unity, balance and textures to form

a consistent and orderly whole. There is therefore the need to explore new areas as sources of

inspiration for producing new design considering the elements and principles of designs. The

research draws inspiration from the shape and color “ANCARES” the night blooming water lily

has which helps to create unique designs different from existing ones. This will help in coming

with the final collection with its matching accessories.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main objectives of the steady was to design a collection of (4) garments from the inspiration

which is ‘’ANTARES’ a nights blooming water lily

Specific objective of the study were to;

I. Research on how the night blooming water lily, “Antares” could be used as a source of

inspiration.

II. Compose a mood board using the images and design to produce garments from the

flower.

SIGNIFICANCE OF STEADY

I. If published the results will serve as a source of research, material for other researchers.

II. Encourage upcoming designers to use flowers as their source of inspiration and create

awareness to the creative minds in their fashion industry and to Ghanaians.

DELIMITATION

I. This Project is limited to designing (4) outfits with appropriate accessories

 II. The designer is at liberty to choose any fashionable fabric that will be appropriate for the

design.

III. The collection is designed for young adults between the ages of 15 to 30 . The garments

are all casual wares

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Mode board – It is an arrangement of images, materials, text intended to convey or project a

particular style or concept .

Note and roughs – Notes are element of composition of the mood board which are traced out and

developed into designs whiles roughs are detailed thumbnail sketches use for a publication

design.
 CHAPTER TWO

RELATED LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter provides support for the study by reviewing what others have done. Most people

think flowers need sunlight to open only one night in a year. It’s all about patience and planning

and being in the right place at the right time.

Most pieces of water lilies have rounded in variously notched waxy coated leaves on long stalks

that contains many air space and floats in quite freshwater habitats. The stalks arise from thick

and creeping under water stems that are buried in the mud. The showy fragrance solitary flowers

are borne at or above the water surface on long stalks that are attracted to the underground stems.

Each cup like flower has a spiral arrangement of its numerous petals. Night blooming water lilies

bloom from 5:00 PM to 10:00 AM from June until November in most western states like

California. It is a stunning multi petal Ed flower with yellow center. The flowers opens very

wide and almost flat. It holds well above the water surface. Night blooming water lilies are

excellent bloomers often with many flowers pushing through at one time.

It is really the most perfect modern flower developed by cultivating from the sacred Lotus of

Egyptian tradition. Flowers sometimes measuring 8 to 12 inches.

Antares is an exceptional night blooming tropical water lily with beautiful dark rosy petals.

The flowers open in the evening and close up in the late morning hours. The sacred water lilies

have appeared as capitals of columns in ancient Egyptian temples. The Egyptian priests and
rulers were often buried with necklaces of water lily blossoms for the lilies symbolize

resurrection from the dead.

In Asians minor during 2nd millennium B.C.E the bulb of the water lilies was cultivated for the

use in medicinal ointments, the ancient raised the bulb of the species for food . The Greeks and

Romans grew it for ornamental and medicinal purposes.

In Greek mythology, the lily represents motherhood and rebirth and this is because it was

believed that the flowers were created from Hera, the wife of Zeus.

This chapter reviews related literature about the concept; “The beauty of the night bloomers’’.

Beauty is commonly described as a feature of objects that makes these objects pleasurable to

perceive. Such objective includes landscapes, sunsets, humans and works of art. Beauty together

with art and taste, is the main subject of aesthetic, one of the major branches of philosophy as a

positive aesthetic value, it is contracted with ugliness as its negative counterpart. Alone will truth

and goodness it is one of the transcendental, which are often considered fundamental concepts of

human understanding

One difficulty in understanding, beauty is because it has both objective and subjective aspects: it

is seen as a property of things but also as depending on the emotional response of observers.

Because of its subjective side, Beauty is said to be “in the eyes of the beholder”. It has been

argued that the ability on the side of the Subject needs to perceive and judge beauty, sometimes

refer to as the “Sense of taste”, can be trained and that the verdicts of experts coincide in the long
run . This would suggest that the standards are intersubjective or dependent on a group of judges,

rather than fully subjective or fully objective.

Conceptions of beauty aim to capture what is essential to all beauty things. Classical conception

defines beauty in terms of the relation between the beautiful objects as a whole and its parts: the

parts should stand in the right proportion to each other and thus compose an integrated

harmonious whole.

Hedonist conceptions see a necessary connection between pleasure and beauty, for example; that

for an object to beautiful is for it to cause disinterested pleasure. Other conceptions include

defining beautiful objects in terms of their value, of a loving attitude towards them or of their

function.

The nature of beauty is one of the most enduring and controversial things in Western philosophy

and is with the nature of art one of the two fundamental issues in the history of philosophical

aesthetics. Beauty has traditionally been counted among the ultimate value, with goodness, truth

and justice. It is a primary theme among ancient Greek. Hellenistic and medieval philosophers

and was central to 18th and 19th century thought, as represented in treatment by such thinkers as

Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, Hume, Burke, Kant, Schiller, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Hanslick and

Santayana. By the beginning of the 20th century, beauty was in decline as a subject of

philosophical inquiry and also a primary goal of the arts. However, there was revived interest in

beauty and critique of the concept by the 1980s particularly within feminist philosophy.
This article would begin with a sketch of the debate over the whether beauty is objective or

subjective which is perhaps the single most prosecuted disagreement in the literature. It will

proceed to set out some of the major approaches to or theories of beauty developed within

Western philosophical and artistic traditions.

2.1 Ancient Greek

The classical Greek noun that best translates to the English-language word “beauty” or

“beautiful”, However kalos may and is also translated as ‘’good’’ or “of fine quality’’ and thus

has a broader meaning than mere physical or material beauty. Similarly, kallos was used

differently from the English word beauty in that it first and foremost applied to humans and bears

and an erotic connotation.

The Koine Greek word for beautiful was opatos, horaios, an adjective etymologically coming

from the word pa, hara, meaning ‘hour’’. In koine Greek, beauty was thus associated with ‘The

being of one’s hour’’. Thus A ripe fruit (of its time) was considered beautiful whereas a young

woman trying to appear older or older woman trying to apply younger would not be consider

beautiful. Attic and Greek, horaios had many meanings, including ‘’youthful’’ and ‘’ripe old

age’’

The earliest western theory of beauty can be found in the work of early Greek philosophers from

the pre-Socratic period, such as Pythagoras. The Pythagorean school saw a strong connection

between mathematics and beauty. In particular, they noted that objects proportioned according to

the golden ratio seemed more attractive. (S) Ancient Greek is based on this view of symmetry

and proportion
Plato considered beauty to be the idea (Form) above all other idea. Aristotle saw a relationship

between the beautiful ( Kalon) and virtue arguing that “Virtue aim at the beautiful”

Classical philosophy and sculptures of men and women produce according to the Greek

Philosophers tenets of ideal human beauty were rediscovered in Renaissance Europe, leading to a

pre-adoption of what becomes known as a “classical idea”. In terms of female human beauty, a

woman whose appearance conforms to these tenets is still called a ‘’classical beauty’’ or said to

possess a “classical beauty’’ ,whilst the foundation laid by Greek and Romans artists have also

supplied the standard for male beauty and female beauty in western civilization as seen, for

example in the Winged Victory of Samothrace. During the Gothic era, the classical aesthetical

canon of beauty was rejected as sinful. Later, Renaissance and Humanist thinkers

rejected this view, and considered beauty to be the product of rational order and harmonious

proportions. Renaissances artists architects (such as Giorgio Vasari in his ‘’Lives of Artists’’)

criticized the Gothic period as irrational and barbaric. This point view of Gothic art lasted until

Romanticism, in the 19th century.(http://academic oup.com)

2.2 MIDDLE AGE

In the Middle Ages, Catholic philosophers like Thomas Aquinas included beauty among the

transcendental attributes of being. In his Summa Theologica, Aquinas describe the three

conditions of beauty as: integritas ( Wholeness), consonantia (harmony), claritas (radiance of

form)

In the Gothic Architecture of the High and Late Middle ages, light was considered the most

beautiful revelation of God, which was heralded in design. Examples are the stained glass of

Gothic Cathedrals including Notre-Dame de Paris and Chartes Cathedral.

2.3 THE AGE OF REASON

The Age of Reason saw a rise in interest in beauty as a philosophical subject. For example,

Scottish philosopher Francis Hutcheson argued that beauty is the ‘’Unity in variety and variety in

unity’’ The Romantic poet to become highly concerned with the nature of beauty with John.

Keats arguing in ode on a Grecian Urn That: beauty is truth, truth beauty , that is all ye need to

know on earth, and all ye need to know.

2.4 THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

The romantic period Edmund Burke postulated a difference between beauty and its classical

Meaning and sublime. The Concept of the sublime, as explicated by burke and kant, suggested

viewing gothic art and architecture through not in accordance with the classical standard of

beauty as sublime.

2.5 THE 20TH CENTURY AND AFTER

The 20th century saw an Increasing rejection of beauty by artists and philosophers alike

culminating in postmodernism’s anti –aesthetics. This is despite beauty being a central concern

of one of postmodernism’s main influences, Friedrich Nietsche, who argued the will to power

was will to beauty.

In the aftermath of both modernizing rejection of beauty thinkers have returned to beauty as An

important value. American analyst philosopher Guy Sircello proposed his New Theory of beauty

as an effort to reffirm the status of beauty as an important philosophical concept. Elaine Scarry

also argues that beauty is related to justice

Beauty is also studied by psychologist and neuroscientist in the Field of Experimental aesthetic

and neuroscientists respectively. Psychological Theories see beauty as a form of pleasure. Polish

now findings of all that view that more beautiful objects are also more pleasing. Some stability

suggests that higher experience beauty is associated with activities in the medial orbitofrontal

cortex. This approach of localizing the processing of beauty in one brain region has received

criticism within the field.

2.6 Human Beauty

They’re characterization of attaching as beautiful weather on an individual basis or by

community consensus is often based on some combination of inner beauty which includes

psychological factors such as

As personality intelligence, grace, politeness charisma, integrity, congruence and elegance,

And outer beauty (i.e. Physical Attractiveness) Which includes physical attributes which are

valued on an aesthetic base .

Standard of beauty have changed over time based on changing cultural value . Historically

painting shows a wide range of different standards for beauty. However humans who are

relatively young with smooth skin well proportion bodies and regular features have traditionally

been considered the most beautiful throughout history.

A strong indicator of physical beauty is ‘’averageness’’. When images of human fice are

averaged together to form a composite image they become aggressively closer to the ideal image

and are perceived as more attractive. This was first notice in 1883 gwen Francis Galton overlaid
photographic composite images of the faces of vegetarian and criminals to see if there was a

typical facial appearance for each . When doing this he noticed that the composite images were

more attractive compared to many of the individual images . Researchers have replicated the

results and are more controlled conditions and found that the computer generated mathematical

average series of faces is rated more favorable than individual faces. It is argued that it is

evolutionary advantageous that sexual creatures are attracted To meet who poses predominantly

common average features because it’s suggested the absence of genetic or acquired defects.

There is also evidence that a performance for beautiful faces emerges early in infancy and is

Probably innate, And that’s the rule by which attractiveness is established are similar across

different genders and cultures.

A feature of beautiful woman that has been explored by researchers is a waist-hip ratio of

approximately 0.70. Physiologists Have shown that women with our glass features are more

fertile than other women due to higher level of certain female hormones in fact that may suggest

that this preference may not be universal. For instance, in some non-western culture in which

women have to do work such as finding food men tend to have preferences for higher waist-hip

ratio. Beauty standards are rooted in culture norms crafted by societies and media over centuries.

Globally it is argued that the predominance of white women feature in movies and advertising

leaves to a Eurocentric concept of beauty breeding cultures that assigned inferiority to women of

color. Thus Societies and cultures across the globe struggle to diminish the longstanding

Internalized racism. The black is beautiful cultural movement sought to dispel this notion in the

1960s.
Exposure to the thin idea in Mass media such as fashion magazines directly correlates with body

dissatisfaction low self- esteem and the development of eating disorders among female viewers.

Further the widening gap between individuals’ body sizes and societal ideals continues to breed

anxiety among young girls as grow highlighting the dangerous nature of beauty standard in

society.

The concept of beauty in men is also known as ‘bishonen’’ in Japan. Bishonen refers to males

with distinctly feminine features physical characteristics establishing the standard of beauty in

Japan and typically exhibited in their pop culture idols. And multibillion dollar industry of

Japanese artistic salons exists for these reasoning. However different nations have varying male

beauty ideals; Eurocentric standard for men include tallness, leanness and muscularity; Thus

these features are idolized through American media such as in Hollywood film and magazine

covers .( http://journals.sagepub.com)
2.7 EUROCENTRISM AND BEAUTY

They prevailing Eurocentric concept of beauty has varying effect on different culture.

Primarily adherence to this standard among African American women has bred a lack of

Positive reification of African beauty , and philosopher cornel west elaborates that, ‘’much of

black self-hatred and self-contempt has to do with the refusal of many Black Americans to love

their own black bodies especially they are black nose hips lips and hair . These insecurity can

heat back to globalization of women with light skin green or bie eye and long straight or heavy

hair in magazines and media that starkly of Contrast with on unturnt feature of Aicent women.

In East Asian culture familiar pressure are cultural norm shaped beauty ideals: Professor and

scholar Stephanie Wong’s experimental steady concluded that expecting that men in Asia culture

didn’t like women who ‘’fragile’’ Impacted the lifestyle, eating and appearance choice made by

ancient American women. In addition to the male gaze, media portrayals of ancient women as

petite and the portrayal of beautiful women in American media as fair compression and slim-

figure induce anxiety and depressive symptoms among Asian American women who don’t fit

Either of these beauty ideals . Further, The high status associated with fairer skin can be

attributed to Asian societal history ; Are back class people hide weakness to perform outdoor

manual labor cultivating a visual divide over Time between lighter complexioned, wealthier

Families and sun tanned Darker labourers. This along with the Eurocentric beauty ideals

embedded in Asian culture has made skin lightning

Creams, rhinoplasty, and blepharoplasty (An eyelid surgery meant to give Asian a more

European, ‘’Double eyelid appearance) Commonplace among Asian women illuminating the

insecurity that result from the cultural immunity standards

Wasting Ideals in Beauty and Body Type

Much criticism has been directed at models of beauty which depend solely upon wasting ideals

of beauty as seen for example in Barbie model franchise criticizing of Barbie are often scented

around consent that children consider Barbie or role model of beauty and war attempt to emulate

her. One of the most common criticism of Barbie is that she promotes an unrealistic idea of

Body image for a young women leading to erase that girls who attempt to emulate her will

become anorexic.

These criticism have led to a constructive dialog to enhance the presence of non exclusive model

of wasting ideals in body type and beauty. Complaints also point to a lack of diversity in such

franchise as the Barbie model of Beauty in Western culture. Mattel responded to these criticism.

Starting in 1980 it produce Hispanic dolls, And later came model from across the globe. For

example in 2007 it introduced Cinco De Mayo Barbie ‘’ Wearing a ruffled red, white and green

dress (echoing de Mexican flag ) .Hispanic magazine reports that:

One of the most dramatic developments in Barbie’s history came when she embraced

multiculturalism and was released in a wide variety of native costumes hair color and skin tone

to more closely resemble the girl who idolized her. Among these were Cinco De Mayo

Barbie ,Spanish Barbie, Peruvian Barbie Mexican Barbie, and Puerto Rican Barbie . She also has

Hot clothes Hispanic frames such as Teresa.(http://www.buzzfeed.com)

2.8 EFFECT ON SOCIETY

Which searches have found that good looking to student higher grades from their teachers than

others students with an ordinary appearance. Some studies using mock criminal trials have

shown that physically attractive defendants are less likely to be convicted and if convicted are

likely to be receive lighter sentence than less attractive ones ( Although the positive effect was

observed when the alleged crime was swindling perhaps because jurors perceived the

defendant’s attractiveness as facilitating the crime ) Studies among teams and young outdoors

such as those of psychiatrist and self-help alter Eva Ritvo Show that skin condition have a

profound effect on social behavior and opportunity .

How much money a person in may also be influenced by physical beauty . One study found that

people low in physical attractiveness earn five to 10% less than ordinary looking people who in

turn earn 3 to 8 percent less than those who are considered good-looking. In the market for loans

the least attractive people are less likely to get approval although they are less likely to default in

their marriage market women’s looks are at a premium but men looks do not matter much.

Closely been very unattractive increases the individual’s propensity for criminal activity for a

number of crimes ranging from Burglary to theft to selling theft drugs.

Discrimination against those based on their appearance is known as lookisms writers definitions

St Augustine set of beauty ‘’Beauty is indeed a good gift of God: But that there would be no

thing it’s a great good, God dispenses it even to the wicked.

Philosopher and novelist Umberto Eco wrote on beauty: A history of a western idea (2004) and

on Uglines (2007). A character in his novel. The name of the Rose declares:

‘’Three things concur and creating beauty : First of all integrity or defection and for this reason

we consider ugly or incomplete things then proper proportion or consultants and finally clarity

and light before going on to say the ‘’sight of the beautiful implies peace’’.

(http:sciencedirect.com)
 CHAPTER THREE

Methodology

This chapter contains the information about all the methods that were followed from research

stage to the finishing of the garments.

Designed brief

The following are the process used for designing and production of the graduation collection .

I. Creating mood board

II. Making notes and rough

III. Developing rough into sketches

IV. Developing of color story for the concept

V. Analyzing the design

VI. Grafting patterns for the design

VII. Layout and cutting

VIII. Government construction

IX. Making of accessories

Mood Board

It is an arrangement of image material takes intended to convey or project a particular style or

concept. It’s going to be based on a set of topics. Inspired image were obtained by printing and

attach on a board to show the need of concept. The name of the concept was also attach to the

mood board to convey the message.

FIGURE: 1 MOOD BOARD
Notes and Roughs

Notes are element of composition of the mode board which are traced out and developed into

design whilst roughs are detailed thumbnail sketches for the production of the design. A rough is

complicated at actual size with details clients use the rough for review.

Idea Development
This involves the act of creating design by applying the note collective. Notes are combined to

develop rough, the rough are then well illustrated technically with all garment features showing

properly.

Final designs

Various developed sketches are combined to develop final design.

Patterns Making, Layout and Cutting

1. Patent we made for the garments fabric were laid out and patterns were put on them for the

cutting.

2. These patterns were of different size of the models giving. Construction and finishing

3. All Incumbents were caught along the grain,

4. The theme book government were lined and interfaced.

5. Closure and fastness like zippers bottoms eyelids and satin ribbon for lacing Of the back of the

corset top.

6. Beads were also used to embellish the garments.

Tools and Materials Used

Tools

I. needle for Hands stitching

II. Caesars for cutting fabric and snipping threads

III. Pin cushion for starring pins

IV. Seam Reaper for moving unwanted seams

V. Pin for holding two pieces together

VI. Curves for drawing curves lines during patterns drafting

VII. Tracing Wheel for tracing out pattern

Materials

I. Satin ribbon used to face the eyelets

II. Fabric interfacing used to make some parts of the garment stable

Fabric used

I. crepe fabric

II. tulle net

III. Satin fabric

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Design one (front analysis)

I. It is an asymmetric design

II. The waist fitting dart has been maintained

III. The underarm dart has been moved to the shoulder joined and coverted into a dart

equivalent seamline

IV. It is an off shoulder grace with a long sleeve.

V. It has the shape of a petals of the flower placed on the chest area and at the hem of the

dress

VI. It also has a detachable at the waistline which flowers to the ground .

VII. The chest area and the hem area have been decorated with beads

Design one (back analysis)

I. It has a zipper at the back as closure

II. it has the shape of the petals of the flower placed at the hem of the dress

III. It has a detachable at the waistline which flows to the ground

 Design two (Front Analysis)

I. It has caused crop top and egg Palazzo Trouser

II. It is a no-hand top

III. The waist fitting dart has been maintained.

IV. The underarm that has been removed to their shoulder join and converted into a dart

equivalent seamline

V. It has sketch on bones in it

VI. Their crop top has been decorated with beads.

VII. The trouser has a band at the waistline

VIII. It has inseam pockets

IX. It has a shape of the petals of the flower placed at the knee

Design Two (Back Analysis)

I. It has a lacing at the back as a closure

II. trouser has zipper and the back as closure

III. It has a shape of a petals of the flower placed at the knee

 Design Three

I. It has a round neck casual sheet with shorts

II. It has a piping at the neckline

III. It has a zipper at the shoulder for easy wearing

IV. It has a shape of a petal of the flower running from the mid shoulder to the hem of

the shirt

V. The shape of the Peter placed on the shed have been decorated with beads

VI. A cargo pocket has been placed on the middle of the shirt.

VII. The shorts has a band at the waistline

VIII. It has a zipper informed for easy wearing

IX. It has an inseam pocket at the top of the side seam

X. Also has a cargo pocket at the hem of the shorts

I. Has around the casual shirt with shorts.

II. It has a piping at the neckline.

III. it has a zipper at the shoulder

IV. The shape of the petals of the flower have been placed on the shirt in V shape with a

band of top of it.

V. Two cargo pockets have been placed on the side seam.

VI. The short has a band at the waistline.

VII. it has a Zipper in front for easy wearing.

VIII. It has an inseam pocket

 CHAPTER FOUR

DESIGN ONE FRONT

DESIGN ONE BACK
DESIGN TWO FRONT
DESIGN TWO BACK
DESIGN THREE FRONT
DESIGN THREE BACK
DESIGN FOUR FRONT
DESIGN FOUR BACK
 CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Their concept of the project was “Nights blooming water lilies’’. Pictures of the flowers were

collected through research to compose a mood board.. Notes were collected from the mood board

and developed into rough sketches and ten designs. Four of the final designs were selected

from the collection of garments.

When the final design were approved fabrics and equipment were bought drafting was done on

brown paper in order to come out with after every problem had been corrected the government

were produced. (2) shirts, (2) shorts And a Pair of trousers, corset Crop top and a fitting dress.

CONCLUSION

Looking at all the processes involved the designer is trained and creative abilities, knowledge

and skills were developed .The developed of the concept and the use of mood board is the best

and unique method of production for professionals and students. The project was successful

through some problems were encountered during the process everything went well.

RECOMMENDATIONS
 I. If one can study the element and principles of design very well and translate them

into patterns to produce the outfit ,it help because a lesson has been derived from

the entire project design can be produced into a garment.

II. No one should have already existing designs in one mind to produce the design ,it

will not help the abilities and skills to develop well as a designer.

III. In order to improve well .planning, organizing and neatness should be the first

desire of every designer .

IV. Remember that at the end ,the design the design or must be creative in everything

and produce a collection of book