Electronics Workshop
EN-116
Lab Number: _____________________
Submitted to: _____________________
Submitted by:
Name: ____________________
Roll No.___________________
Group: ___________________
Department of Electronic Engineering
University of Engineering and Technology
Taxila
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Type of Cables, Cable sizes and standards
PRE-LAB TASK
Objectives
• Study about the various types of cables, different sizes of cables and their standards.
• Various type of insulation material is used over the conducting material so that it can be
used properly and safely.
Introduction
Electrical Cables means:
An electrical cable is an assembly of one or more wires running side by side or bundled, which is
used to carry electric current.
Fig. Electrical Cables
Wires and Cables
The size & type of wire/cable must suit the power rating required
for their use. The higher the power the thicker the wire/cable.
Uses of Wires
Domestic & small industry
Wiring in appliances
Uses of Cable
Small & big industries
Distribution Lines
Transmission lines
Various types of wires.
1. VIR wire:
• It is called vulcanized insulation rubber wire. Copper & aluminum
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conductor and rubber coating are used in it. Now single & double
braided wires are mostly in a use. But it has lower tensile strength,
chemical reaction & bad insulation so it is not used.
• Suitable for: low & medium voltage supply only
• old type: not readily available to purchase
Fig. VIR wire
2. CTS & TRS wire:
It is called crab tyre sheath wire & tuff rubber sheath wire.
Hard & good rubber coating on copper wire is used in this wire. It’s used in house wiring &
Industrial wiring.
Available in 250/440V only
Fig. CTS & TRS wire
3. Weather proof wire:
No weather reaction, in these types of wire because it has cotton breeding with water proof. But
it is flammable so now use rarely.
4. LC wire:
It is called lead covered wire. Lead pipe on rubber insulation & its coating on conductor. It is
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very good in moisture condition but less tensile strength so low uses now.
5. MICC wire:
It is called mineral insulated copper covered wire. In this type wire copper conductor coated is
with magnesium oxide and after copper coating is coated on it. In case of moisture weather PVC
coating (serving) is coated on its. It is uses in mines, factory, furnace, boiler, rolling mills etc.
magnesium oxide is used for avoiding moisture problems.
Fig. MICC
6. PVC wire:
It is called poly vinyl chloride wire. PVC coating on copper conductor so it’s so many
advantages as follows.
(a) High dielectric strength
(b) High tensile strength
(c) More defense against moisture
(d) High life
(e) No disturb in vibration
Available in 600, 660, 1100 Voltage, widely used Long life Durable against water, heat, oil, UV
light.
Fig. PVC
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Fig. PVC
7. Three core wire
This is a three core wire. It is PVC insulated. It is used for 1-phase.
1. Blue wire for neutral
(Return current to power source)
2. Brown for live wire
(Provides current to appliance)
3. Yellow wire for earth
(Takes the current to ground if appliance has fault)
Fig. Three core wire
Cable Structure
There is a cable wire. It is used for power transmission.
1. Core
2. PVC insulation
3. Oil duct
4. Metallic screen
5. Rubber insulation
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Fig. Cable Structure
General Instruction and main parts of cable
1. Core
2. Insulation
3. Metallic sheath
4. Bedding
5. Armoring
Metallic sheath:
A power cable is an assembly of two or more cables, overall covered by a sheath. The
assembly is used for the transmission of electrical power.
Armoring:
Armoring a cable means the cable is constructed with a layer of aluminum wire armor or
steel wire armor. The armor sits below the sheath of cable to provide protection to cable
and insulation layers.
Bedding:
Cable bedding compounds are used in multi-conductor cables, filling the spaces between
conductors and making the cable round.
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Classification of Cables
Type of insulation
1. Cotton covered
2. Silk covered
3. Asbestos covered
4. Rubber covered
5. PVC covered
Type of conducting Material
1. Copper
2. Aluminum
Shape
1. Flat
2. Round
Mechanical Protection
1. Unarmored
2. Armored
Voltage Rating
1. Low Voltage Cable(1KV)
2. High Voltage Cable(11KV)
3. Super Tension Cable( up to 132KV)
4. Extra High Tension cable(132KV and more)
5. Ultra High Voltage Cable(400KV and more)
SWG (Standard Wire Gauge)
Introduction:
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An instrument used for the measurement of cross sectional area of wires.
Uses:
1. To measure cross sectional area of wire
2. To measure gauge
SWG and Current Carrying Capacity
Cable Safety
Cable wire should be:
• Weather poof
• Rust proof
• Free from wear and tear
• Armored
• Good insulation
What is Network Cabling?
Cable is the medium through which information usually moves from one network device to
another. There are several types of cable which are commonly used with LANs. In some cases, a
network will utilize only one type of cable, other networks will use a variety of cable types. The
type of cable chosen for a network is related to the network's topology, protocol, and size.
Understanding the characteristics of different types of cable and how they relate to other aspects
of a network is necessary for the development of a successful network.
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The following sections discuss the types of cables used in networks and other related topics.
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
Coaxial Cable
Fiber Optic Cable
Wireless LANs
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
Wireless standards and speeds
The Wi-Fi Alliance is a global, non-profit organization that helps to ensure standards and
interoperability for wireless networks, and wireless networks are often referred to as Wi-Fi
(Wireless Fidelity). The original Wi-Fi standard (IEEE 802.11) was adopted in 1997. Since then
many variations have emerged (and will continue to emerge). Wi-Fi networks use the Ethernet
protocol.
Standard Max Speed Typical Range
802.11a 54 Mbps 150 feet
802.11b 11 Mbps 300 feet
802.11g 54 Mbps 300 feet
802.11n 100 Mbps 300+ feet
LAB TASK
By using laws of resistance, find out the total resistance of a Copper wire .Moreover write down
the detail of material used and procedure also.
R= ρ. L/A
ρ= resistivity
L = length of conductor
A= cross sectional area of conductor
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HOME TASK
Answers to the following Questions:
What is the main reason for providing metallic sheath in underground cables?
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what are the advantages and disadvantages of oil filled cables?
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What are different insulation materials used in cables for high voltage and medium
voltage?
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What Are the Different Conductor Materials Used as Conductor?
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What is difference between earthing and grounding?
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what is cable termination and cable safety?
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What is SWG and how it can be used?
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What kind of cables are used for networking?
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Summary:
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