1.Define the term ‘hormone’.
( 2 marks)
2.Describe the role of hormones in the regulation of the menstrual cycle. (9 marks)
3.Which is faster, nervous control or hormonal action? Explain your answer. ( 9 marks)
4.When Dujon is bowling during a cricket game he uses a number of muscles in his body.
(i) Name TWO muscles which flex his arm. ( 2 marks)
(ii) Describe the role of EACH of the muscles named in (i) above, in the bowling movement of
the arm. ( 6 marks)
5.Explain how locomotion is achieved in man. ( 2 marks)
6.Complete EACH of the following sentences by choosing the correct answer from the words in
brackets at the end of the sentence.
(i) The nervous system consists of two parts: the _________nervous system and the
___________nervous system. (central, automatic, autonomic) ( 2 marks)
(ii) The sympathetic nervous system and the nervous system are parts of the autonomic
nervous system. (systematic, parasympathetic) ( 1 mark )
(iii) The nerves of the sympathetic nervous system originate in the __________.(brain, spinal
cord) ( 1 mark )
(iv) The function of the sympathetic nervous system is to initiate __________action.
(emergency, involuntary) ( 1 mark )
(v) One bodily change that occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated is
___________ (dilation of blood vessels, constriction of pupils) ( 1 mark )
7.Neurosis is a form of mental illness.
(i) Under what circumstances does this disease originate? ( 1 mark )
(ii) Identify THREE characteristics exhibited by persons suffering from neurosis. ( 3 marks)
8.1.Breathing is necessary for gaseous exchange in human beings.
(i)Define the term 'tidal air'. ( 1 mark )
2.Navita observes her father's chest rising and falling while he is sleeping. Explain these
breathing movements in terms of
(i) inspiration ( 3 marks )
(ii) expiration. ( 3 marks)
3.Describe TWO effects of cigarette smoking on the respiratory tract. ( 3 marks)
During a Human and Social Biology class, a teacher explains that respiration provides energy
for the body. She says that respiration is similar to combustion, with glucose serving as the fuel.
The teacher also explains that if the energy produced is not required immediately, it is stored as
a high-energy chemical.
4. Draw a labelled diagram of the respiratory tract, showing the trachea, bronchus, bronchioles,
air sacs, the lungs and the approximate position of the heart. ( 6 marks)
5.Give the name of the high-energy chemical used to store energy. ( 1 mark)
6.(i) Using the chemical formula for glucose, write a balanced chemical equation to illustrate the
teacher's point about combustion. ( 3 marks)
(ii) State TWO similarities and TWO differences between respiration and combustion. ( 4 marks)
7.Briefly explain the role of haemoglobin in the exchange of gases during respiration. Your
answer should not exceed eight lines.
