TEXTILE, WEARING APPAREL, LEATHER AND LEATHER
PRODUCTS
Textile, Wearing Apparels, Leather and Leather Products
TEXTILE
What is textile? A textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of
natural or artificial fibres or yarn. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting,
crocheting, knotting, or felting.
Textile Raw Materials:
Raw material is a unique substance in any production-oriented textile
industry. It plays a vital role in continuous production and for high quality
fabric.
Textile raw materials are selected as per the manufacturing policy of the
company i.e. whether a composite mill or only a spinning, weaving or
dyeing/finishingTypes of Textile Raw Materials:
1. Fiber
2. Fabric
3. Dye stuff
4. Chemical and auxiliaries
Fiber:
Nature presents a large variety of fibers. Beside this, it is possible today to
produce a number of different kinds of man-made fibers but only a relatively
small amount of this is actually used in textile industry.
Jute fiber
Fiber is a matter which has flexibility, fineness and a high ratio of length to
thickness. It must have at least length to diameter ratio of 1000 to be
considered a fiber.
Some additional characteristics required for textile fibers, such as stability at
high temperature, a certain minimum strength & extensibility.
Name and Sources:
1. Cotton
2. Silk
3. Jute
4. Wool
5. Polyester
6. Nylon
7. Spandex
8. Flax
9. Acrylic
10. Aramid
11. Polyethylene
12. Polypropylene etc.
Fabric:
Fabric is a planar textile structure that produces by interlacing yarns, fibers, or
filaments. It may be woven, knitted and nonwoven.
Name and Source:
1. 100 % Cotton fabric
2. CVC fabric
3. PC fabric
4. 2*2 Lycra rib fabric
5. Lycra single jerseyfabric
6. Viscose Lycra
7. Double lacoste
8. Plain Interlock
9. 100% Polyester fabric
10. Grey mélange etc.
Dyes:
A dye is a coloured substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it
is being applied. The dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution and
requires a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber.
The following dyes are used:
1. Reactive dye
2. Disperse dye
3. Acid dye
4. Basic dye
5. Direct dye
6. Sulfur dye
7. Azoic dye
8. Vat dye
Chemicals and Auxiliaries:
Dyeing auxiliaries mean a chemical or formulated chemical product which
enables a processing operation in preparation, dyeing, printing or finishing to
be carried out more effectively, or which is essential if a given effect is to be
obtained.
1. Sequestering agent.
2. Lubricants/Anticreasant
3. Pretreatment Chemicals
4. Levelling and Dispersing Agent
5. Sewuestering, Dispersing and Levelling Agent for Reactive dyeing
6. Antifoam
7. PH Control and buffer system
8. Desizing Agent
9. Yarn Lubricant
10. Mercerising agent
11. Dyefixing agent
12. Optical Brightener
13. Soaping Agent /Washing off Agent
With the increase in the demand of leather products, the leather industry has
witnessed enormous growth. Leather can be made from the flesh of cows,
goats, pigs, sheep and other animals such as ostriches, alligators and
kangaroos. It is a highly flexible and durable material, which is available in a
variety of styles and finishes. The raw leather materials are used for book
binding, furniture covering, clothing and developing various decorative
items. There are various types of leather available in the market such as
aniline leather, boiled leather, bonded leather, chamois leather, morocco
leather, patent leather, etc.
The above mentioned leather is processed by many manufacturers, exporters
and suppliers for use in home furnishing, shoe making and other industries
Raw Materials for Textiles
1. Cotton
Cotton can be grown in the following state:
• Borno
• Bauchi
Gombe
• Sokoto
• Zamfara
• Katsina
• Ondo
• Oyo
• Ogun
• Kaduna
• Kano
• Jigawa
Uses of Cotton
Cotton is used to make a number of textile products. These
include: terrycloth for highly absorbent bath towels and robes; denim for blue
jeans; cambric, popularly used in the manufacture of blue work shirts (from
which we get the term "blue-collar"); and corduroy, seersucker, and
cotton twill. Socks, underwear, and most T-shirts are made from cotton. Bed
sheets often are made from cotton. Cotton also is used to make yarn used
in crochet and knitting.
In addition to the textile industry, cotton is used in fishing nets, coffee
filters, tents, explosives manufacture (see nitrocellulose), cotton paper, and
in book-binding. The first Chinese paper was made of cotton fiber.
What are Wearing Apparels? Wearing apparels generally refer to clothing
(body covering) materials in general which includes dresses, clothes, trousers,
foot-wears, gloves, caps, etc. They are made from different materials such as
textiles and leather materials.
Raw Material for Wearing Apparels
1. Latex (i.e. natural rubber)
Location of latex in Nigeria
• Abia
• Akwa Ibom
• Anambra
• Bayelsa
• Cross River
• Delta
• Edo
• Rivers
• Ondo
• Ogun
• Taraba
• Oyo
• Ebonyi
• Osun
• Ekiti
• Kaduna
Uses of Latex
Latex is used in making latex gloves, socks, panties. Also, it has been used to
make leotards, bodysuits, stockings and gloves, masks, hats, bras, shoes,
pants, bags and other garments. Latex is often used to make specialist
fetishistic garments like hoods and rubber cloaks.
2. Animal skin
Location of animal skin in Nigeria (States)
• Lagos
• Rivers
• Abia
Uses of Animal Skin
Animal skin is used in making wool, silk, cotton (e.g. clothing), leather bags,
leather shoes and leather jackets. It is also used in making hand drums.
What is Leather? Leather is a durable and flexible material created by tanning
animal hides, mostly cattle hide. It can be produced at manufacturing scales
ranging from cottage industry to heavy industry
Raw Materials for Leather
1. Cattle hides and calf-skins
Location in Nigeria
• Kano State
Uses of Cattle Skins
• Shoes
• Hand bags
• Garments
2. Goat-skins and kid-skins
Locations in Nigeria
• Sokoto State
• Kaduna State
• Katsina State
• Borno State
Uses of Goat-Skin
The kid-skin is used in making shoes, gloves and other accessories.
Goat-skin is used in making rugs and carpet binding. It is often used for
gloves, boots and other products that require a soft hide. Also used for a
traditional Spanish container for wine (bota bag).
3. Sheep-skins and lamb-skins
Locations in Nigeria
• Bauchi State
• Kaduna State
• Borno State
• Kano State
• Oyo State
Uses of Sheep-Skins
Sheep-skin is used to produce sheepskin leather products and soft wool-lined
clothing or coverings, including gloves, hats, slippers, footstools, automotive
seat covers, baby and invalid rugs and pelts. Sheepskin numnahs, saddle
pads, saddle seat covers, sheepskin horse boots, tack linings and girth tubes
are also made and used in equestrianism.
