DONOR SELECTION, BLOOD COLLECTION & COMPONENT PREPARATION

PERSONAL INFORMATION PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

• Donor's name • General Appearance
• Donor's address, phone no. • Weight. 110 lbs (50 kg) – 450mL
• Sex o Amount of blood to be drawn if donor is less than 110 lbs
• Age (17 years old and above, 17 must with parent's consent) ▪ Allowable amount = (Donor's weight(lb)/100 lb) x 450ml
• Date of donation ▪ Anticoagulant needed = (Allowable amount/ 100) X 14
• Donor's consent ▪ Anticoagulant to remove = 63ml – anticoagulant needed
• Donor's occupation ▪ E.g. If WB must be drawn from a donor who weighs 70 lbs, the
• Race calculations would be:
• Time of last meal ▪ (70/110) x 450 = 286.4 ml of blood to be drawn
▪ (286.4/100) x 14 = 40.1 ml of anticoagulant needed
▪ 63 - 40.1 = 22.9 ml of anticoagulant to be removed
MEDICAL HISTORY
• Temperature: Orally should not exceed 99.5°F or 37.5°C
• TYPES OF DONORS
• Pulse: 50 to 100 beats per minute
o Autologous donor – is one who donates blood for his or
her own use. Used in patients with rare blood type • Blood Pressure: Systolic no greater than 180mmHg, diastolic no
(Bombay, ABO-) greater than 100 mmHg
o Allogenic donors – is one who donates blood for • Hematocrit and Hemoglobin: 38% Hct (12.5 g/dL Hb)
general population used. Voluntary non-remunerated o Copper Sulfate Method (Cuso4)
donors ▪ Principle: A drop of whole blood when dropped in a solution of
o Direct donors – the unit collected is directed toward a CuSO4 (blue), which has a given specific gravity, will maintain its
specific patient (family/ friends) density for approximately 15 seconds.
• DONOR DEFERMENT ▪ Specific gravity of CuSO4 is 1.053 which is equivalent to 12.5
g/dL
TYPES OF DONOR DEFERMENT
INDEFINITELY OR PERMANENTLY 12-MONTH DEFERRAL
• History of viral hepatitis • Close contact to patient with hepatitis
o (+) HBsAg • Donors who received blood or blood products, an organ or tissue
o Reactive for Anti-HBc transplant
o Past/present evidence of Hepatitis C infection • Tattoo, ear and skin piercing
o Donor involved in post transfusion hepatitis • Those who have received HBIg because it is given for exposure to
• History of jaundice of unknown cause possible infection and it may delay the onset of symptoms of
• Past/present abuse of self-injected drugs 4. cancer disease
• Abnormal bleeding tendencies • Donors who have had or been treated for syphilis or gonorrhoea
• Cardiopulmonary diseases • (+) serologic test for syphilis
• Leukemia, lymphoma • Donors who have traveled to areas considered endemic for malaria
• High risk sexual behavior (don't defer a donor who started antimalarial therapy in preparation
• High risk occupation (e.g., prostitute) for travel to areas endemic for malaria)
• Chaga's disease • Rabies vaccine
• Babesiosis • Sexual contact with any person who has high risk of exposure to
• Those receiving growth hormone (Creutzfeldt-Jakob dse. HIV
• Symptoms of AIDS Related Complex (ARC), HIV/AIDS
• Donor's taking Tegison for psoriasis because its potentially
teratogenic 15. Active pulmonary TB
THREE YEARS DEFERRAL TWO MONTHS (8 WEEKS/ 56 DAYS) ONE MONTH (4-WEEK DEFERRAL)
• Those with infected with malaria • Whole blood donation • Donors taking Accutane (isotetinoin for
• Visitors, immigrants or refugees from an o Male: 2 months deferral acne therapy is also a potent teratogen)
area considered endemic for malaria/ o Female: 3 months deferral • Vaccination:
residents of area endemic for malaria o Rubella (German measles)
o Varicella zoster (chicken pox)
6 WEEKS TWO-WEEK DEFERRAL NO DEFERRAL
• Pregnant: deferred during pregnancy and • Vaccination: attenuated virus vaccines • Donors who had vaccinations of the
6 weeks following a third trimester delivery o Mumps following killed viral, bacterial, rickettsial
• 1st and 2nd trimester abortion or o Oral polio (Sabin) vaccines or toxoids
miscarriage need not to ne a cause for o Rubeola (measles) o Diphtheria cholera
deferral. o Smallpox) o Pertussis
o Yellow fever o RMSF
o Influenza (live virus) o Injectable polio vaccine (Salk)
Chavez, Johanna Marie R | MED206
BLOODBANKING
 o Tetanus
o Hepa B vaccine
o Typhoid
o Influenza (killed)
3-DAYS 48-HOURS UNTIL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS ARE GONE
• Tooth extraction or dental work • Donors participating in pheresis program • Donors who have active cold or flu
symptoms must be deferred until the
symptoms are gone.
MEDICATION GUIDELINES ACCEPTABLE DRUGS
• Acetaminophen (e.g. Tylenol): may be taken in normal moderate
doses before any Blood donation
• Accutane: four-week deferral
• Allergy medication: can donate
• Antibiotics: 72-hour deferral after infection is healed
• Anti-inflammatory drugs (Advil, Ibuprofen, Motrin and Naprosyn):
may not be taken with 24 hours before a platelet donation (some
other rules may apply)
• Aspirin-containing products or Feldene and Lodine XL: may not TRAVEL OUTSIDE OF U.S.
donate within 36 hours before platelet donation • Defer 12 months for travel into areas with a risk of malaria
• Birth control pills: can donate • Defer 3 years after having lived for 1 year or more in a malarial-risk
• Blood pressure medication: can donate under present FDA and area
American Red Cross standards in force • Defer indefinitely if during 1980 - 1996 spent a total time that adds
• Depression medication: can donate • To 6 months or more in the United Kingdom (England, Northern
• Diabetic medication - Injected bovine (beef) insulin since 1980; Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Isle of Man, Channel Islands)
cannot donate • NEW travel restriction: Persons who have spent long periods of
• Diet pills: can donate time in countries where mad cow disease is found are not eligible
• Diuretics: can donate to donate. You may not donate if you have stayed more than 3
• Female hormone pills: can donate months total in countries on list 1, or more than 6 months total in
• Any human pituitary-derived hormone (i.e. growth hormone): can countries on list 1 or 2, since 1980.
not donate o List 1: England, Wales, Scotland, Isle of Man, Channel Islands,
• Soriatane (Acitretin): three-year deferral Northern Ireland, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar
• Tegison (used to treat a severe skin disorder): can not donate if o List 2: All of the countries in Europe, Oman
ever taken
• Thyroid medication: can donate if stabilized
HEMAPHERESIS DONOR SELECTION
• Hemapheresis - type of blood donation where whole blood is
withdrawn either from a donor or patient wherein after removal,
separation, and retention of the desired cellular elements or
plasma, the remaining products are recombined and returned to
the donor or patient.

SUMMARY OF DEFERMENT
NEVER 1 YEAR (12 MONTHS) 6 MONTHS
• AIDS • High risk occupation • Abortion/ Miscarriage with • Diptheria
• Alcoholism, Chronic (prostitution) – unless - D/C • Fracture (major)
• Anemia, any other cause HBsAg, + HBsAB • Acupuncture • Glandular fever
• Asthma, severe • Hypertension (>160/100) • Appendectomy (after surgery) • Hydatid Disease
• Autoimmune Disease (SLE) • Hypotension (<90/60) • Biopsy (benign & healed) • Injuries (major)
• Babesiosis/ Tick-Borne • Malignant disease • Blood transfusion • Meningitis
Infection • Glomerulonephritis • Body/ Ear piercing • Nephritis (acute)
• Bilharziasis (Schistosomiasis) • Paget’s Disease (Bone • Chlamydia • Osteomyelitis
• Brucellosis Disease) • Childbirth • Pancreatitis
• Brain/ Spinal surgery that • Prolonged bleeding • Cholecystectomy • Peritonitis
required transplant of brain • Psychiatric disorder • Cocaine • Pneumothorax
covering • Q fever • Dental surgery (minor & • Septicemia
• Raynaud’s Disease major) • Tetanus
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BLOODBANKING
• Blood disorder/ bleeding • Rheumatic fever • Ear holing
tendencies • Rickettsia • Gastrectohmy,
• Bronchiecstasis • Sarcoidosis gastroenterestomy
• Chaga’s Disease/ • Schistosomiasis • Gonorrhea, syphilis
Trypanosomiasis • STD • Hemorrhoidectomy
• Colitis • Skin cancer • Hepatitis exposure to close
• Coronary Heart Disease • Syphilis household contact (- HBsAg)
• Colostomy • Thyrotoxicosis • Hepatitis A
• Concussion (severe) • Underweight (<45 kgs.) • Hysterectomy
• Dementia • Unexplained weight loss of • Incarceration (>72 hrs.)
• Drugs prohibited more tha 5 kgs. over 6 • Operation (major/minor)
• Embolism months • Peptic ulcer
• Emphysema • Poliomyelitis
• Hepatitis B (unless -HBsAg • Pregnancy
and + HBsAB) • Rape
• Rabies vaccine
• Tattooing
• Thyroidectomy
5 YEARS 3 YEARS 6 WEEKS 1 WEEK
• Cancer: Malignant tumors • Malaria • Abortion/ Miscarriage without • Food poisoning
(after removal) D/C • Gastroenteritis
• Fracture (minor)
• Measles (Rubeola)
• Rubella (German measles)
3 MONTHS 4 WEEKS (1 MONTH) 3 WEEKS 2 WEEKS
• Blood donation (AHMC) • Bronchitis, acute • Acne (after healing) • BCG Vaccines
• Boils (after recovery) • Chicken pox • Acute febrile illness (2-3 • Measles vaccine
• Cholecystitis • Contact if infectious disease weeks after febrile episode) • Nephritis (chronic)
• Concussion (mild) (except hepatitis) • Colds/ fever, flu, sore throat, • Oral polio vaccine
• Dysentery, amoebic bacillary • Dengue fever cough, respiratory infection, • Small pox vaccine
• Gallstone • Helminthiasis headache • Yellow fever vaccine
• Phlebitis • Hepatitis B contact (sexual/ • Cystitis
• Snake bite parental) (-HBsAg) • Diarrhea
• Thrombophlebitis • Herpes Zoster (Genital) – • Influenza
after lesion is healed • Pyelitis
• Rubella Immunization • Respiratory infxn
• Rubella contact
• Scarlet fever
• Tonsilitis
56 DAYS 5 DAYS 3 DAYS 72 HOURS
• Blood donation (Whole blood) • Infection, superficial • Influenza, contact • Apheresis (AHMC after 2
weeks)
• Dental Extraction, root canal
CAN DONATE: CANNOT DONATE ANYTIME
• Accident & injury (if healthy) • Cancer: Basal cell, Squamous cell skin • DPT and Dt vaccine (if symptom free
• Alcohol intake (after 24 hrs.) cancers, keratosis (until removed and afebrile)
• Allergies (no present infection and no healed) • Diverticulosis
ongoing treatment • Cancer: Melanoma • Fracture (Trivial)
• Anemia, Fe Deficiency (after treatment • Cold sore, fever blister, canker sore (if w/ • Glaucoma (after treatment)
with Hg of 125g/dL) active sore) • Haemochromatosis (for therapeutic
• Arthritis (mild and not on medication) • Diabetes (on medication) bleeding)
• Asthma, mild • Dermatitis (severe) • Haematuria (after recovery)
• Cholera Vaccine (Afebrile) • Eczema (severe) • Hyperthyroidism (if not in drugs)
• Diabetes (if stable) • Filariasis • Influenza vaccine
• Dermatitis (mild) • Gout • Polio vaccine
• Eczema (mild) • Tuberculosis (2 yrs. after cured) • Pulse rate
• Hay fever • Renal colic

Chavez, Johanna Marie R | MED206

BLOODBANKING
 • Hepatitis B vaccine • Temperature (37.5)
• Menstruation (with acceptable Hb level) • Typhoid & paratyphoid vaccine
• Upper respiratory tract infection (until • Typhus vaccine
symptoms is free)
• Worms

NO DEFERRAL REFER TO PHYSICIAN FOR THERAPEUTIC BLEEDING

• Allergy Medication • Fainting spell • Haemochromatosis
• Head injuries (minor & severe) • Polycythemia

THE DONATION OF BLOOD

COLLECTION OF BLOOD MICRO SAMPLING MACRO SAMPLING
• Trained personnel must • Micro sampling is the collecting of small quantity • Macro sampling is the collection of large
collect donation of blood. of blood from capillaries of the fingertip. Capillary volume of blood from the veins by venipuncture.
• Basic information from the blood collection is performed using a sterile, In Blood Bank laboratory, this blood is usually
donor: date of donation, full disposable lancet. In immunohematology collected for transfusion purpose from volunteer
name, address, sex, age and laboratory, this blood is used for blood grouping, blood donors, and for serologic tests of
the ABO & Rh blood group hemoglobin or hematocrit determination. diseases that are transmittable by blood
including the prospective transfusion: hepatitis, HIV and syphilis.
• Copper sulphate method of hemoglobin
donor's medical history must • Before starting the phlebotomy, the
determination:
be obtained and signed by phlebotomist should introduce himself/herself
the phlebotomist who perform o CuSO method is based on the relationship of pleasantly to the patient and briefly explain the
the procedure. specific gravity to hemoglobin concentration. phlebotomy procedure in early- to understand
• Patient identification also is It is used to check that a donor has terms.
an important step in blood sufficiently high hemoglobin level to be o Visually inspect both arms, and choose the
collection. Forms eligible to give blood. Two strengths of arm that is free of bruises. In the arm, three
accompanying blood samples CuSO4 solution are normally used, each of veins can be used for venipuncture the
from the recipient must which has a different specific gravity: one for cephalic, basilic, and median cubital veins.
contain sufficient information: male donor with a sp.gr. of 1.055 (equivalent o Apply the tourniquet, and ask the patient to
full name, identification to 13.5g/dl of hemoglobin) and one for female make a fist (sometimes a roll of gauze is
number of patient, sex, age, donors with a sp.gr of 1.053(equivalent to placed is the patient's hand). This usually
clinical diagnosis and the like 12.5g/dl of hemoglobin). makes the veins more prominent. Using the
for identification of the left index finger, palpate for an appropriate
o In this method, a drop of blood is allowed to
recipient. vein. The ideal vein is generally near, or
fell gently at a height of about 1 cm above the
slightly below, the bend in the arm. Do not
surface of the CuSO, solution. If the drop of
leave the tourniquet on for more than 2
blood has a satisfactory hemologin
minutes (After an appropriate site has been
concentration, it will sink in the solution within
chosen, release the tourniquet).
15 seconds. An unacceptable specimen will
o Using 70% alcohol swab cleanse the
either remain suspended or will sink slightly
intended site of venipuncture in a circular
and then rise to the top of the solution within
motion from the center outward. Allow the
15 seconds.
site to dry.
THE PHLEBOTOMY PROCEDURE
• Inspect the anticoagulant donor bag for leaks, and make sure that • Mix the unit of blood periodically (every 30 seconds). Time limits for
the anticoagulant solution is clear. collecting a unit are not fixed, so long as the blood flow is
• Position the bag below the level of the donor- arm balance system, continuous However, it usually takes 8-10 minutes. A unit
making sure that the counterbalance is level and adjusted for the containing 450-495 mL should weigh 425-520 g plus the weight of
amount of blood to be drawn. Make a loose knot of the blood bag the container with its anticoagulant.
tubing. • Remove the tourniquet & hold a sterile gauze lightly over the
• Reapply the tourniquet or blood-pressure cuff (inflated to 40-60 mm venipuncture site and remove the needle from the donor's arm.
Hg) and have the donor open and close the hand until the selected Apply pressure on the gauze. Have the donor raise the arm (elbow
vein is again prominent. straight) and hold the gauze firmly over the phlebotomy site with
• Apply the hemostat clamp to the tubing at least 5 cm above the the opposite hand.
needle, uncover the sterile needle, and perform the venipuncture • Strip the donor tubing from the end of the tube towards the bag as
immediately. A clean venipuncture will guarantee a full, clot free completely as possible in order to mix well with the anticoagulant.
unit Invert the donor unit and allow the line to refill. Then strip again.
• Open the hemostat clamp and check that the blood flow is Seal the tubing attached to bag into segments suitable for
adequate. Carefully tape the tubing to hold the needle in place and subsequent tests with either a heat sealer or metal clips.

Chavez, Johanna Marie R | MED206

BLOODBANKING
 cover the venipuncture site with a sterile gauze pad. Have the • Place blood at appropriate temperature.
donor squeeze a rubber ball or other soft object every 10 to 12 • Illness after donation
seconds during collection. o If you become ill on the next 3 to 4 days, contact the
• Keep the donor under observation throughout the phlebotomy. A department with information on your illness
person should never be left unattended during or immediately after
donation.

COLOR CODING ADDITIONAL NOTES

• After donation, follow the color coding of • RA 1517 (blood bank law) - previously RA • Labeling of blood bag
blood bags 771: mostly used now o Rh positive - black print on white
• FDA 1985 guidelines o Type A: blue background
o Type A: yellow o Type B: yellow o Rh negative - white print on black
o Type B: pink o Type AB: pink background
o Type AB: white o Type O: white • Needle gauge - usually 16
o Type O: blue

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BLOODBANKING