INTRODUCTION TO
AIRCRAFT
SYSTEM
AVT 1212 – AIRCRAFT SYSTEM
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
are a complex system. In the design stage and in the operating process to ensure
continued airworthiness of the aircraft. It is broken down into simpler sub
systems that carry out homogeneous functions.
POWER PLANT
Aircraft Engines Lubrication System
Engine fuel and Fuel Engine Cooling System
Metering System
Propeller
Induction and Exhaust
System
Engine Removal and
Electrical System Replacement
Engine Fire Protection
Engine Staring System Systems
Engine Maintenance
and Operation
AIR FRAME
Aircraft Strutures Communication and Cabin Environmental
Navigation Control Systems
Aerodynamics, Aircraft
Assembly, and Rigging Hydraulic System Fire Protection Systems
Aircraft Fabric Covering
Pnuematic Systems Pnuematic Systems
Aircraft Metal Structural
Repair Landing Gear Systems Landing Gear Systems
Aircraft Electrical
Aircraft Fuel System Aircraft Fuel System
System
Aircraft Instrument Ice and Rain Protection Ice and Rain Protection
System
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POWERPLANT
POWERPLANT
The basic information on principles,
fundamentals, and technical procedures in the subject
matter areas relating to the powerplant rating and
contains an explanation of the units that make up each
of the systems that bring fuel, air, and ignition together
in an aircraft engine for combustion.
It also contains information on engine
construction features, lubrication systems, exhaust
systems, cooling systems, cylinder removal and
replacement, compression checks, and valve
adjustments.
Because there are so many different types
of aircraft in use today, it is reasonable to expect that
differences exist in airframe components and systems.
POWERPLANT
An aircraft engine, or powerplant, produces
thrust to propel an aircraft. Reciprocating engines and
turboprop engines work in combination with a
propeller to produce thrust.
POWERPLANT
Turbojet and turbofan engines produce
thrust by increasing the velocity of air flowing through
the engine.
All of these powerplants also drive the
various systems that support the operation of an
aircraft.
Aircraft Engines
Most small aircraft are designed with
reciprocating engines. The name is derived from the
back-and-forth, or reciprocating, movement of the
pistons that produces the mechanical energy necessary
to accomplish work.
Aircraft Engines
An aircraft turbine engine consists of an air
inlet, compressor, combustion chambers, a turbine
section, and exhaust. Thrust is produced by increasing
the velocity of the air flowing through the engine.
Turbine engines are highly desirable aircraft
powerplants.
Engine Fuel and Fuel Metering Systems
The engine fuel system
supply fuel to the engine’s fuel
metering device under all conditions
of ground and air operation. The
engine fuel system usually includes the
engine- driven pumps and the fuel
metering systems.
Induction and Exhaust Systems
The induction system
brings in air from the outside, mixes it
with fuel, and delivers the fuel-air
mixture to the cylinder where
combustion occurs.
Electrical Systems
The continued proper
performance of electrical systems
depends upon the knowledge and
technique of the mechanic who
installs, inspects, and maintains the
electrical wire and cable of the
electrical systems.
Engine Starting Systems
Most aircraft engines,
reciprocating or turbine, require help
during the starting process. Hence, this
device is termed the starter.
Lubrication Systems
The purpose of a lubricant
is to reduce friction between moving
parts. Because liquid lubricants or oils
can be circulated readily, they are used
universally in aircraft engines.
Engine Cooling Systems
The burning fuel within
the engine produces intense heat,
most of which is expelled through the
exhaust system.
Much of the remaining
heat, however, must be removed, or
at least dissipated, to prevent the
engine from overheating.
Propeller
The propeller is a rotating
airfoil, subject to induced drag, stalls,
and other aerodynamic principles that
apply to any airfoil. It provides the
necessary thrust to pull, or in some
cases push, the aircraft through the air.
Engine Removal and Replacement
Procedures for removing
or installing an aircraft engine usually
vary widely with the type of aircraft
and the type of engine.
Engine Removal and Replacement
Procedures for removing
or installing an aircraft engine usually
vary widely with the type of aircraft
and the type of engine.
Engine Fire Protection Systems
Because fire is one of the
most dangerous threats to an aircraft,
the potential fire zones of all
multiengine aircraft currently
produced are protected by a fixed fire
protection system.
Engine Maintenance and Operation
Both maintenance and
complete engine overhauls are
performed normally at specified
intervals. This interval is usually
governed by the number of hours the
powerplant has been in operation.
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AIRFRAME
AIRFRAME
The basic information on
principles, fundamentals, and technical
procedures in the subject matter areas
relating to the airframe rating and contains
information on airframe construction
features, assembly and rigging, fabric
covering, structural repairs, and aircraft
welding.
This post also contains an
explanation of the units that make up the
various airframe systems. Because there
are so many different types of aircraft in
use today.
Aircraft Structures
The history of aircraft
structures underlies the history of aviation
in general.
Advances in materials and
processes used to construct aircraft have
led to their evolution from simple wood
truss structures to the sleek aerodynamic
flying machines of today.
Aerodynamics, Aircraft Assembly, and
Rigging
Three topics that are directly
related to the manufacture, operation, and
repair of aircraft are: aerodynamics,
aircraft assembly, and rigging.
Aircraft Fabric Covering
Fabric-covered aircraft play an
important role in the history of aviation.
The use of fabric covering on an aircraft
offers one primary advantage: light weight.
In contrast, fabric coverings
have two disadvantages: flammability and
lack of durability.
Aircraft Metal Structural Repair
It is important that metal
structural repairs be made according to the
best available techniques because
improper repair techniques can pose an
immediate or potential danger.
Aircraft Electrical System
The satisfactory performance
of any modern aircraft depends to a very
great degree on the continuing reliability of
electrical systems and subsystems.
Aircraft Instrument Systems
Since the beginning of manned
flight, it has been recognized that
supplying the pilot with information about
the aircraft and its operation could be
useful and lead to safer flight.
Communication and Navigation
Avionics is a conjunction of the
words aviation and electronics. It is used to
describe the electronic equipment found in
modern aircraft.
Hydraulic Systems
The word “hydraulics” is based
on the Greek word for water and originally
meant the study of the physical behavior of
water at rest and in motion. Hydraulic
systems in aircraft provide a means for the
operation of aircraft components.
Pneumatic Systems
Pneumatic systems operate a
great deal like hydraulic systems, except
they employ air instead of a liquid for
transmitting power.
Aircraft Fuel System
All powered aircraft require
fuel on board to operate the engine(s). A
fuel system consisting of storage tanks,
pumps, filters, valves, fuel lines, metering
devices, and monitoring devices.
Ice and Rain Protection
Rain, snow, and ice are
transportation’s longtime enemies. Flying
has added a new dimension, particularly
with respect to ice.
Cabin Environmental Control Systems
Crew and passengers use
oxygen systems, in conjunction with
pressurization systems, to prevent hypoxia.
Pressurized aircraft that use air cycle air
conditioning systems mix bleed air with
cold air produced by the air cycle machine
expansion turbine to obtain warm air for
the cabin.
Fire Protection Systems
A fire zone is an area, or
region, of an aircraft designed by the
manufacturer to require fire detection
and/or fire extinguishing equipment and a
high degree of inherent fire resistance.
