Unit 1

Introduction to the development of industrial safety and management:

Contents
• History and development of Industrial safety:
• Implementation of factories act,
• Formation of various councils,
• Safety and productivity,
• Safety organizations.
• Safety committees,
• safety committee structure,
• Roll of management and roll of Govt. in Industrial safety,
• Safety analysis.
History and development of Industrial safety:

• 19th Century
• Public Efforts Lead to Improvement
• Workman's Compensation was Born
• Employers Take Action
• Post World War II to the Present
FACTORIES ACT
• “Factory"
• The important provisions of the Act
• Rules to safeguard the health of the workers
• Rules to ensure safety of the workers
• Certain facilities to be provided to the workers
• Inspectors
• Powers of Inspectors
• Duties of Inspector
SAFETY AND PRODUCTIVITY
• The Three Pillars: Safety, Quality, and Productivity
• Traditional Barriers to Safety, Quality, and Productivity
• Creating a Solid Foundation for Your Organization
Content
• Formation of various councils,
• Safety organizations.
• Safety committees, safety committee structure
• Roll of management and roll of Govt. in Industrial safety,
• Safety analysis
National Safety Council (India)
• National Safety Council is a premier, non-profit, self-financing and
tripartite apex body at the national level in India
• Government of India, Ministry of Labor and Employment on 4 March
1966
• It was registered as a Society under the Societies Registration Act,
1860
• It was registered as a Public Trust under the Bombay Public Trust Act,
1950
NSC Vision and Mission

• Vision: Serving the Society by creating a preventive culture, scientific

mindset and organised approach to SHE issues
• Mission:Building capacity, developing material, methods, procedures
and strengthening the national movement on Safety, Health and
Environment to prevent and mitigate the loss of life, human suffering
and economic losses.
Activities NSC
• Conducting specialised training Courses, Conferences, Seminars &
Workshops all over the Nation
• Conducting consultancy studies such as Safety Audits, Hazard
Evaluation, Emergency Management Planning & Risk Assessment
• Designing and developing HSE promotional materials & publications
• Facilitating organisations in celebrating various campaigns e.g. Road
safety week, Safety Day, Fire Service Week, World Environment Day
Management
National Safety Council- Maharashtra Chapter
• The Council of Industrial Safety was registered as a society under the Societies
Registration Act, 1860 on 5th August 1999 and as a Public Trust under the
Bombay Public Trust Act, 1960, on 19th September 2000 with the name of
National Safety Council – Maharashtra Chapter.

The National Safety Council – Maharashtra Chapter is an autonomous body and

has its own Constitution with following objectives.

(a) To devise effective methods of safety, protection & health and propagate
them among industrial workers and public at large.
(b) To organize programs such as lectures conferences and other promotional
activities.
(c) To enlist the co-operation of public and private originations interested in the
promotion of industrial safety.
(d) To suggest improvements in the central and state laws with a view to
preventing occupational hazards.
National Safety Council- Maharashtra Chapter
•Safety Training of all kind for Workers, Shop floor managers, Top
management
•Workshops/Seminars on various Safety topics such as Process Safety
Management(PSM), Hazard Operability Study(HAZOP), Safety Audit,
Behavioural Base Safety, Fire Fighting, First Aid, and supply of Personnel
Protective Equipment.
•Fire Audits
•Safety Audits
•Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
•Electrical Audits
•Job Safety Analysis
•Preparation of Safety Manuals, Emergency Control Plan, Safety Report
•Process Safety Management Techniques
•Fault Tree Analysis
•Preliminary Hazard Analysis
•Road Safety Initiatives & Programmes
NSC- Maharashtra Chapter
Vision and Mission
• Vision:
To strive for Occupational Safety, Health & Environment by knowledge
contribution, proper implementation, resource provision and sharing
expertise, which will help to create awareness and raise the spirits of
industries and society at large.
• Mission:
To lead and inspire people by mentoring & promoting safety culture,
by focusing on preventive actions, by applying corrective measures,
that will guide to fend off the undesirable events, altogether leading to
skill development and empowerment of the industries as well as
society.
Safety slogans
• A hardhat on your head keeps you from being dead
• If everything comes your way, you are in the wrong lane
• If you lift with your back, you’ll hear it crack.
• If you don’t make safety first, there’ll be hospital next. Safety first or
hospital next.
• Safety is as easy as ABC- Always Be Careful.
Safety Posters
OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health
Administration)
1. What is OSHA?
2. Rights Under OSHA
3. What is a Hazard?
4. How to Control Hazards?
5. Worker’s Rights
 What is OSHA?
• The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
(OSH Act) was passed to prevent workers from
being killed or seriously harmed at work.
• The law requires employers to provide their
employees with working conditions that are
free of known dangers.
• The Act created the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA), which sets and
enforces protective workplace safety and health
standards.
• OSHA also provides information, training and
assistance to workers and employers.
• Workers may file a complaint to have OSHA
inspect their workplace if they believe that their
employer is not following OSHA standards or You have the right
that there are serious hazards.
to a safe workplace!
 To help assure a safe and healthful
Workers' Rights workplace, OSHA also provides
Under OSHA workers with the right to:
• Ask OSHA to inspect their workplace
• Use their rights under the law
• Receive information and training
about hazards, methods to prevent
harm, and the OSHA standards that
apply to their workplace. The training
must be in a language you can
understand
• Get copies of test results done to
find hazards in the workplace;
• Review records of work-related
injuries and illnesses
• Get copies of their medical records
Employer Responsibilities
• Employers have the responsibility to provide a safe workplace.
• Employers MUST provide their employees with a workplace that
does not have serious hazards and follow all relevant OSHA safety
and health standards.
• Employers must find and correct safety and health problems.
• OSHA further requires employers to try to eliminate or reduce
hazards first by making changes in working conditions rather than
just relying on masks, gloves, ear plugs or other types of personal
protective equipment (PPE).
Employers MUST also:
• Inform employees about hazards through training, labels, alarms, color-
coded systems, chemical information sheets and other methods.
• Keep accurate records of work-related injuries and illnesses.
• Perform tests in the workplace, such as air sampling required by some
OSHA standards.
• Provide hearing exams or other medical tests required by OSHA
standards.
• Post OSHA citations, injury and illness data, and the OSHA poster in the
workplace where workers will see them.
• Notify OSHA within 8 hours of a workplace incident in which there is a
death or when three or more workers go to a hospital.
• Not discriminate or retaliate against a worker for using their rights under
the law.
Health and Safety Hazards
Safety Hazards:
• Cause physical injuries and accidents
• Cause immediate harm
• Examples: broken bones, cuts, bruises,
sprains or electrocutions

Health Hazards:
• Cause internal injuries like diseases or illnesses
• Cause long-term harm, may take years to develop
• Examples: Cancer, heart disease, loss of hearing
Pair and Share Activity (5 minutes)
• Think of your personal
experience with health and
safety hazards at your
current or past workplace.
• Please find a partner to
share your experiences.
• We will discuss those
experiences as a whole
group.
• Together, complete “Health
& Safety Hazards”
document
Risk Mapping of a Warehouse Store
• Risk mapping is a method that employees use to
identify hazards by drawing a layout of the workplace.
• In groups of 3-4 people, label the various hazards that
you see in this warehouse.
• Physical/Safety Hazard
• Biological/Chemical Hazard
• Other Hazards
Reducing Hazards
• Employers must keep the workplace safe for workers.
• There are different ways they can do this.
• Some ways work better than other ways.
How to Reduce Hazards Handout
More Effective Least Effective
(best) (worst)

***** **** *** ** *

Elimination Substitution Engineering Labor Personal
of Practices/ Protective
Hazard Administrative Equipment
Controls (PPE)
(Training &
Procedures)
Top 2 Controls
Substitution
Elimination • When a hazard cannot be
eliminated completely, the
• The best way to control a second best alternative is
hazard is to eliminate it substituting the dangerous
entirely. It is best to do condition.
this as early as possible.
• The idea is to substitute
• Example: use an electric chemicals, equipment, or
forklift truck rather than a hazardous materials with
gas operated forklift truck ones that are less
to eliminate carbon hazardous.
monoxide in a warehouse
• Example: using paint that
does not contain lead-
based pigments
More Controls, but not as effective
Engineering Controls Administrative Controls or
• Engineering controls is Changing Labor Practices
another way that technology • Means changing the way and
can be used to change the the structure of how work is
work environment, a done.
machine, or some equipment • Example: instead of one
in order to reduce the employee exposed to a
hazard. particular hazard for eight
• Examples: machine guards, hours a day, the employer
backup alarms, guardrails, could assign four workers to
covers, slip resistant surfaces, work for two hours each; this
and using machine to move could be used for repetitive
heavy objects instead of tasks or for any exposure to a
carrying them. chemical hazard.
Least Effective Control: PPE
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
• This is equipment or clothing to protect the worker, such
as respirators, eye goggles, gloves, knee pads, hard hats,
steel toed shoes, harnesses.
What legal rights do workers have to a safe job?
1. Workers in the U.S. have a legal right to a safe and
healthy job.
□ True □ False
2. If you are an immigrant, you are not protected by any
workplace safety laws.
□ True □ False
What legal rights do workers have to a safe job?
3. Legally, who is responsible for providing a safe and
healthy workplace?
□ The Employer
□ The Workers
□ The Union
□ OSHA
□ All of The Above
What legal rights do workers have to a safe job?
4. Workers can call in the government to inspect a workplace for
hazards.
□ True □ False
5. When workers call OSHA to request an
inspection of the workplace, they don’t have
o tell their name.
□ True □ False
6. Government inspectors must always tell the
employer before they come to inspect the
workplace.
□ True □ False
What legal rights do workers have to a safe job?
7. Workers have the legal right to refuse to do unsafe or
unhealthful job tasks.
□ True □ False

8. Workers have the right to know about the chemicals

they work with, and employers must train employees how
to work safely with chemicals.
□ True □ False
What legal rights do workers have to a safe job?
9. Workers can be fired if they request a safety inspection
from the government, and there’s nothing that can be
done about it.
□ True □ False
Two Main Points to Keep in Mind
1. OSHA gives employees the right to complain about an
unsafe working environment.
 But in the Real World, it is more affective and protective to
complain as a group…Why?
• Because if it affects one person, it most likely affects many people
• Because a group complaint gets more attention
Two Main Points to Keep in Mind cont.
2. If an employee is fearful, afraid of getting fired, there are
organizations, called Worker Centers, that can represent
him/her anonymously.
 Unions can also represent employees
Taking Action on Unsafe Working Conditions
These are local grassroots organizations, Workers’ Centers,
advocate for workers’ rights on many employment issues,
including wage theft (wage and hour violations), and worker
health and safety.

They can file OSHA complaints on workers; behalf and make

referrals to workers’ compensation lawyers.
 SAFETY ORGANIZATIONS:
• World Safety Organization National Office for India established since 2016
• Operational principles of World Safety Organization National Office for India are
fully aligned with the World Safety Organization Management Center in USA
• Goals are to make aware each and every individual in the field of Occupational
Health, Safety & Environmental
• Aim is to provide enhanced health and safety information which enables
employers and organizations to maintain the health, safety and welfare of all
employees.
• The World Safety Organization (WSO) was founded in 1975 as a result of an
international conference, organized by the Safety Organization of the
Philippines Inc. (SOPI), in Manila, Philippines
• 1975: The purpose of the organization was to protect people, property,
resources, and the environment; to promote safety; and, of course, to work
toward the goal to “Make Safety a Way of Life.”
• In 1985 the WSO Certification Board was fully established under the
leadership of Dr. Hudson as the Chairman of the WSO Certification Board,
incorporated as the Missouri not-for-profit corporation.
• In 1986 WSO World Management Center was established in the U.S.A. to
assist with the administrative management of the organization under the
leadership of the Chief Executive Officer.
• In 1987 the first WSO Division was established in the transportation safety
field, comprised of the Marine, Highway, Rail, and Aviation Committees.
• In 1988 To insure the undisturbed continuity of programs and unified
leadership, the complete administration of the organization was moved to
Southeast Missouri, Warrensburg, with its proximity to Kansas City.
• In 1989 the new WSO Board of Directors was confirmed and the
Board’s first meeting was in Warrensburg, Missouri, during the WSO
Regional Conference for Americas.
• 1990 to present there are now several thousands of national and
international companies, corporations, and other entities, which have
received the WSO Honorary Membership for the support they
provide for their employees by paying their WSO dues
• The WSO’s purpose is to internationalize all safety fields including
occupational and environmental safety & health, accident prevention
movement, etc., and to disseminate throughout the world the
practices, skills, arts, and technologies of the safety and accident
prevention fields.
Safety Committee and Structure
The Safety Committee consists of:
 Committee Chairman or designee Employee-elected and employer-selected members
 Employee volunteers
 Representation of persons with disabilities
 Union representation, where applicable and in accordance with union general agreements.
 One employee safety and health representative where the average number of nonmanagerial
employees of the employer at the worksite during the preceding year was more than 10, but less
than 50
 Two (2) employee safety and health representatives where the average number of nonmanagerial
employees of the employer at the worksite during the preceding year was 50 or more, but less
than 100
 An additional employee safety and health representative for each additional 100 such employees
at the worksite, up to a maximum of six (6) employee safety and health representatives
 At least two members at work sites with 20 employees or less
Committee Chairperson(s). The Committee Chairperson(s) will
 Prepare the agenda for each meeting.
 Arrange for the meeting place.
 Notify members of the meeting.
 Set time schedule for the meeting.
 Arrange all seating for members.
 Review previous minutes and material for meeting.
 Conduct the meeting.

Committee members. Committee members will carry out the committee

responsibilities and functions as directed by the Committee Chairperson(s).
The Safety Committee’s Purpose

Performing safety-related tasks, such as

• creating or promoting trainings,
• assessing workplace conditions,
• investigating incidents.
The Committee’s Responsibilities
• Scheduling and overseeing safety inspections and audits
• Identifying hazardous conditions in the workplace
• Investigating injuries, property damage, and near-miss incidents
• Reporting findings from audits, inspections, and investigations to
supervisors as necessary
• Addressing employee concerns regarding safety and health conditions
• Developing and promoting organization-wide safety programs
• Coordinating safety training for employees
• Maintaining and improving upon existing safety policies
• Evaluating and continually improving the safety culture
Safety Committee Meetings
Best practices:
• Require the attendance of all committee members.
• Maintain and publish the minutes from each meeting.
• Designate a facilitator to prepare an agenda for the meeting and to assure that conversation is kept on-
task.
• Perform safety observations, report findings in the meetings, and provide and discuss solutions to prevent
incidents.
• Communicate the findings and areas for improvement to all staff.
• Follow up on all corrective actions, and assure their completion.
ROLE OF GOVT. IN INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
• Some of the high monetary costs attached to workplace accidents
include:
• the inability to meet your obligations to customers
• wages paid to sick and disabled workers  wages paid to substitute
employees
• damaged equipment repair costs
• insurance claims
• workers' compensation claims
• administrative and recordkeeping costs