Perceptions of the Selected Citizens of Five Mainland Barangays in Agutaya on the

Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mass Vaccination Program Implemented by

Rural Health Unit of Agutaya

Gaudencio E. Abordo Moemorial National High School

Barangay Bancal, Agutaya, Palawan

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in

INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS, AND IMMERSION

CADLAON, MARY GLOR A.

OBLAN, JOHN RAYMUND C.
LATUBE, GLYSSA ROSE P.
PACTAO, LENIEBEL A.
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, scope and

delimitation of the study in order to gain through understanding of the study. It reflects on the

purpose of the study and research design.

Background of the study

In the past year, we have faced the most challenging times in our country and in the

world’s history with the COVID-19 pandemic drastically affecting our lives. One of the most

important developments in our fight against the pandemic is the development of covid-19

vaccines at unpresented speed. While there is no cure and none of the vaccines that are being

developed have been proven to prevent transmission, the vaccines still serve very important

purposes. These are that of preventing serve disease there by reducing deaths caused by severe

effects of the virus and preventing symptoms from occurring thereby reducing transmission.

The number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(Sars-CoV-2) infected

patients keeps rising in most of the European countries despite the pandemic precaution

measures. The current antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches are only

supportive, have limited efficacy, and the prevention in reducing the transmission of SARS-

CoV-2 virus is the best hope for public health. (Anon 2020)

The Philippine situation must also be understood in light of the following major

challenges in the national deployment and vaccination program. First, there is very limited global
supply of vaccines where every country in the world is seeking to gain access to vaccines and

where 80% available supply has already been taken by the richest countries. Knowing there is a

limited supply, our policy is to build a portfolio of a safe and effective vaccines and more

partners enable us to secure more supply for our countrymen. Second, is that the effects of the

vaccine have not been fully observed in some population groups. (Jalea G. 2020)

Combatting the COVID-19 pandemic requires a whole-of-Nation Approach. To ensure

efforts are synchronized and integrated, there must be strong leadership and governance starting

from the President, the Inter-Agency Task Force, with the DOH and the DILG playing crucial

roles in exercising command and control with the cooperation and strong participation of

supportive academic societies, engaged government agencies and private sector, highly

committed LGUs and LCEs, adequately informed communities and well-prepared health system.

(Department of Health, 2020)

. The Department of Health through the task Group COVID -19 Immunization Program,

has diligently worked on this comprehensive plan for vaccine deployment and vaccination in

collaboration with other national government agencies under the COVID -19 Vaccine Cluster .

This document will help unify the efforts of all stakeholders to effectively implement the

National Development and Vaccination Plan for COVID-19 Vaccines and inform the general

population on the plans of the government.

Significance of the study

This study entitled “Perception of the selected citizens of five mainland Barangays in

Agutaya on the coronavirus disease 2019 Mass Vaccination Program Implemented by Rural Unit

of Agutaya” would benefit the following.

 To the researchers, this study will serve as a challenge for them to gain information for

having full understanding towards the perceptions of the selected citizens about the Mass

vaccination implemented by the Rural Health Unit.

To the Citizen of Agutaya, this study will give them information about the importance of

Vaccination.

To the Rural health Unit, this study will help them to know the factors affects the

citizen’s opinion or view about the vaccine.

To the future researcher, this study will serve them as a guide if they want to conduct

another study related to COVID 19 vaccination.

Statement of the problem

This study focuses on the perception of the selected citizens of five mainland barangays

in Agutaya on the coronavirus disease 2019 Mass Vaccination Program Implemented by Rural

Unit of Agutaya.

Specially, if seeks to answer the following question:

1. Demographic profile of the respondents

a.) Age?

b.) Sex?

c.) Occupation?

2. What are the benefits of the covid-19 vaccines?

3. Are you ready for the possible side effects of the vaccine to your body?
 4. What are perception of the selected citizens in the mainland barangays of Agutaya about

getting vaccinated?

Scope and delimitation

This study entitled “Perception of the Selected Citizens of the Mainland Barangay in

Agutaya on the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mass Vaccination Program Implemented by Rural

Health Unit of Agutaya’’is delimitated in terms of topic, locale and period of study. This study

has been chosen by the researchers because they wanted to know about their perception about the

mass vaccination or about getting vaccinated. This study will be conducted in the five mainland

barangays in Agutaya; Villa Sol, Villa Fria, Abagat, Bancal, and Cambian. The respondents of

the study will be selected using stratified random sampling. There will be 75 respondents; 15

respondents per barangay.

Conceptual Frameworks

Perceptions of the Selected

PROCESS
INPUT OUTPUT
 Questionnaire Compilation of
Citizens of Five Mainland  Evaluation Perception of the
 Letter Coding selected citizens of
Barangays in Agutaya on
 Tabular Form five mainland
the Coronavirus Disease barangays in Agutaya
on the Corona Virus
2019 Mass Vaccination
Disease 2019 Mass
Program Implemented by Vaccination Program
Implemented by Rural
Rural Health Unit of
Health Unit of
Agutaya Agutaya

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

 Figure 1 shows the paradigm of the study which contains the Input, Process and Output of the

study. The input is all about the researcher’s tittle of the study. The process pertains to the procedures to

be done by the researcher’s including ways in seeking information, gathering necessary data, evaluation

of the gathered data and how it will be evaluated and presented. Lastly, the output refers to the expected

outcome of the study.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
AstraZeneca. A widely used COVID 19 vaccine that’s at least 50% effect could help control the
pandemic.

Bacteria. A number of a large group of unicellular microorganism which have cell walls but lack
organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease.

COVID 19. It is an infectious disease caused by newly discovered Corona virus.

Disease. A particular quality, habit, or disposition regarded as adversely affecting a person or

group of people

Immunization. A progress by which an individual’s immune system becomes fortified against an

agent

Pandemic. An epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international
boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people.

Pfizer. Is developing vaccination both to prevent and treat disease to help people worldwide.

Sinovac. A vaccine that aims to protect against COVID 19

Tabular form. Refers to a pre-designed word template or a specific feature, but it actually means
presenting information in rows and columns.

Vaccine. Is a simple and effective way of protecting people against harmful disease, before they
come into contact with them.

Virus. An infective agent that typically consist of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, too
small to be seen and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.
 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter contains reviewed literature and studies related to our topic.

Foreign Literature
World Health Organization (WHO) stated that vaccines saves millions of lives each year.
Vaccines work by training and preparing the body’s natural defenses- the immune system- to
recognize and fight off viruses and bacteria they target. After vaccination, if the body is later
exposed to those disease- causing germs, the body is immediately ready to destroy them,
preventing illness. Vaccine are critical new tool in the battle against COVID-19 and its hugely
encouraging to see so many vaccines proving successful and going into development. Working
as quickly as they can, scientist from across the world are collaborating and innovating to bring
us test, treatments and vaccines that will collectively save lives and end this pandemic.

Based on the data provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) as of 18 February
2021, at least seven different vaccines across the platforms have been rolled out in countries.
Vulnerable populations in all countries are the highest priority for vaccination. At the same time,
more than 200 additional vaccine candidates are in development, of which more than 60 are in
clinical development. COVAX is a part of the ACT Accelerator, which WHO launched with
partners in 2020. As of July 2, 2020, the world SARS-Cov-2019 vaccine landscape includes 158
vaccine candidates, out of which are in the preclinical or the exploratory stage of their
development.

According to Dhama et al., (2020) many efforts have been directed towards the
development of the vaccine against COVID-19, to avert the pandemic and most of the
developing vaccine candidates have been using the S- protein of the SARS-CoV-2.

Furthermore Ning (2020)stated that the vaccine which are in the conduit OR
CONDUCT? are based upon inactivated or live attenuated viruses, protein sub-unit, virus like
particles (VLP), viral vector (replicating and non-replicating), DNA, RNA, nanoparticles, etc.
with each exhibiting unique advantages and hindrances.
 In the fight against COVID-19, a vaccine is a critical part of addressing the global health
crisis by decreasing rates of infection, disease and death worldwide. Safe and effective vaccines
will be a game changer: but for the foreseeable future we must continue wearing mask,
physically distancing and avoiding crowds. Being vaccinated does not mean that we can throw
caution to the wind and put ourselves and others at risk, particularly because it is still not clear to
degree which the vaccine can protect not only against disease but also against infection and
transmission.

About a dozen vaccines have been approved for general or emergency use in countries
including China, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. As of spring 2021, more
than a billion doses had been administered worldwide. Several countries including Bahrain,
Israel,, the Seychelles, and the United States have made significant progress in immunizing their
citizens, while many others have their vaccinated only small fractions of their populations are not
yet (Felter C. 2021)

Local Literature

The COVID-19 vaccination program in the Philippines is an ongoing immunization

campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2019) the virus
that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in response to the ongoing pandemic in the
country. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued emergency use authorizations
(EUA). There are eight other vaccines on order for the program, at varying stages of
development.

According to the Department of Health vaccines mimic the virus or bacteria that causes
disease and triggers the body’s creation of anti-bodies. This antibodies will give protection once
a person is infected with the actual disease causing virus or bacteria. Vaccines differ in their
composition and how they trigger the immune response to create antibodies. These antibodies
protect the body from microorganism and serve as protection once a person get infected with
disease. Vaccines can be inactivated weakened or killed copies of the whole or part of the virus
or bacteria, or genetic product (like RNA vaccines) that creates protein copies without causing
disease. There are possible effect of the vaccine it includes pain, redness, itchiness or swelling at
the injection site (which may last a few hours); fever, feeling of weakness or fatigue; headache;
dizziness; diarrhea; or nausea.

There are 4,025,600 total delivered vaccine as of April 29, 2021. There have been 8
batches of vaccines delivered to the Philippines so far. Six of them were from China’s Sinovac,
the first of which arrived on February 28. So far, a total of 3, 5000,000 Sinovac vaccine does
have been delivered to the Philippines. The first two sets were donations, while the rest were
produced by the government. The two other batches contained a combined 525,600 AstraZeneca
vaccines from the global COVAX facility. The first set was delivered to the country on March 4.
The Food and Drug Administration 9FDA) has issued emergency use authorization (EUA) to
Pfizer- BionTech, Oxford-AstraZeneca, Sinovac, and Sputniv V COVID-19 vaccines. There are
eigth other vaccines on order for the program varying stages of development.

According to Cordero D. (2021) as the world welcomes the availability and distribution
of COVID-19 vaccines, coupled with it is the ‘hesitant’ predicament of some Filipinos to get
vaccinated because of the confusing information regarding its efficacy. Around 1.44% of the
country’s population have received the first of two doses of the vaccine. Meanwhile those who
have taken both jabs represent around 0.23% of the population. The government aims to
vaccinate 70% of the Filipinos in 2021. As of April 27, a total of 3,025,600 delivered doses have
been distributed to 3,415 vaccination sites nationwide. The combined 1,000,000 and April29
have yet to be allocated and are not yet to be allocated and are not yet reflected to the
government’s latest report.

Foreign Studies

Based on the studies of International Journal of Molecular Medicine state that vaccine
stimulate inflammation in the body. This can manifest itself either as pain or inflammation at the
site where the subject was injected, or as general symptoms such as fever or fatigue (symptoms
similar to COVID-19 disease). For most vaccine, these reactions are mild and effect in only a
small portion of subjects. When vaccine causes the production of antibodies, in mice or in
humans, this does not necessarily mean that the vaccine will protect against the disease. The
protective effect of a human vaccine is assessed using a series of studies similar to the series of
safety studies.

The safety of the vaccine is initially assessed in laboratory studies with mice or rabbits. If
the animals do not show signs of disease after receiving the vaccine, then the test begins in
humans, and the number of subjects gradually increases. In phase 1, also called as the first
human test, the vaccine is given to a small group of healthy volunteers (10 t 100). The purpose is
not to test whether the vaccine protect against the disease, but whether it is safe or whether it
causes severe side effects. In phase II, the candidate vaccine is administered to a larger group of
subjects (100 to 1,000). Separate studies may be required in adults, children and elderly.
Continuous monitoring is important in case of complication that occur with the delayed effect. If
there are more severe signs of inflammation or if the vaccine causes the immune system to
malfunction in other ways, the candidate vaccine may not be suitable for widespread use. When
such adverse effects are identified, delays in production process inevitably occur. (International
Journal of Molecular Medicine study)

An international study shows an upward trend in support for receiving COVID-19

vaccines in several countries compared to the end of 2020, with the biggest increase in Britain
and Sweden. Multinational communication firm Kekst CNC Monday published the result of the
survey conducted in six countries- Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, and United States.
The poll indicated 89% of Britons were in favor of getting vaccinated now, compared to 65%
last September. In Sweden, 76% of those interviewed were in favor of inoculation, compared to
51% in September 2020. The study shows that 68% of men worldwide support vaccination, the
ratio is lower among women at 55%. Older and middle-aged people have become more likely to
get a vaccine since September, the survey found. The study also shows that 75% of Britons are
pleased with the pace of the vaccination campaign in the country, but the ratio drops in the other
countries surveyed, to 32% in U.S., 22% in France and 20% in Sweden.

According to the study of the Council on Foreign Relations most of vaccines approved
for at least limited use have been developed by firms and research groups in China, Russia and
United States. The first human trial in the United States began in Seattle in March 2020 with a
vaccine Moderna Inc. That vaccine was approved for emergency use in the United States,
members of the European Union, and several other countries after it highly effective in large-
scale trials. A vaccine by Pfizer and BioNTech was also authorized by regulatory agencies in
dozens of countries after similarly promising results. Johnson &Johnson vaccine was next to
enter the U.S market, in February 2021.

Local Studies

According to the recent study of Octa Research Group only 19% of Filipinos say they are
willing to have themselves vaccinated. While the Philippines awaits the arrival of coronavirus
vaccines necessary to tame the pandemic, a survey of the Octa Research Group showed a great
number of Filipinos are still unwilling to have themselves vaccinated against the disease. The
survey, conducted from January 26 to February 1, 2021 showed that if a safe and effective
vaccine were available during the polling period, the greatest number of respondents at 46% said,
“I will not have myself vaccinated”. The survey released on Wednesday night, February 24, also
found that only 19% of respondents said they would have themselves vaccinated, while 35% said
“can’t say” if they will have themselves vaccinated. The Octa team based findings on face-to-
face interviews with 1,200 Filipinos aged 18 years old and above. Among those unwilling to get
vaccinated, the survey found the respondents top 3 reasons for refusing a vaccine were the
following; (“Not sure if it’s safe” 73%, “Not sure if vaccine is effective”29%, “A vaccine is not
needed to combat COVID-19” 9%). Concern about the safety of a vaccine was higher in
Mindanao (78%) and Balance Luzon (76%) compared to Metro Manila (69%) and the Visayas
(64%). Along with this concern about vaccine effectiveness was highest in the Visayas (46%),
followed by Metro Manila (34%), Mindanao (27%), and Balance Luzon (21%).Aside from this
6% of survey respondents said they would not have themselves vaccinated as the vaccine “might
not be free” while other 6% said they would not get vaccinated because it “might be costly or
expensive”.

Corpuz J. because of the previous epidemics, the Department of Health identifies vaccine
hesitancy as one of the reason for the outbreak. As the Philippine seeks COVID-19 vaccines,
previous issues, such as the ‘Dengvaxia Controversy” still lingers. The Philippine Department of
Health (DOH) is working to combat COVID-19 immunization worries as the Dengvaxia vaccine
confidence in the country. As COVID-19 cases rise in one of the Southeast Asia’s worst- hit
nations, low public trust in vaccines will be a huge block in the Governments vaccination
program in the Philippines.

In a recent survey in January 2021 which was conducted by Pulse Asia, nearly half of
Filipinos said that they would not get vaccinated against COVID-19 due to safety concerns.
Result showed that out of 24000 Filipino adults who took part in the survey, 47%said that they
do not want to be vaccinated even when doses are already available. Only 1/3 or 32% of the
respondents said that they are willing to be vaccinated, public health experts, government
officials, advocates, church leaders and others in the scientific community should respect the
signals of hesitancy and communicate sensitivity without undermining the importance of
vaccine.

SYNTHESIS
 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains methodologies that will be used in research. It contains research
design, research locale, sample of the study, data gathering instruments, data gathering
procedures and plan for data analysis.

Research Design
The researchers will use descriptive study as a research design of the study. This research
design helps the researcher to determine the perceptions of the selected citizen of five mainland
barangay in Agutayaon the Coronavirus Disease 2019 mass vaccination program implemented
by Rural Health Unit of Agutaya.
Research Locale
This study will be conducted within the five mainland barangay namely Abagat, Bancal,
Cambian, Villa Fria and Villa Sol Agutaya Palawan.
Sample of the Study
This study will be composed of 75 respondents. The researchers will use purposive
sampling in selecting the sample of the study. Researcher will choose 15 respondents in each
barangay based on their ability to give information of study.

Data Gathering Instruments

The researchers will use questionnaire where they will provide some questions and the
respondents need to answer it base on their opinions. Photo documentation will be employed by
the researchers in order to gather the needed information for the study.
Data Gathering Procedure
In order to gather data and information for this research, the researchers will construct a
questionnaire for the study and will ask permission through formal letter to the school’s Principal
and five mainland barangay captains of Agutaya to conduct this study. The researchers will use
purposive sampling or judgmental sampling under the category of non- probability sampling.
Respondents will also be given formal letters to inform them so they can set their most
convenient time for answering the questionnaire in the form of checklist. The data obtained will
be interpreted and presented.

Plan for Data Analysis

The data that will be obtained from the respondents by the researchers will be analyzed,
interpreted using letter coding and the summary of results will be presented in tabular form.