could; be able to She couldn’t write. I'll be able to drive soon ® | could talk when Iwas thirteen months old. could walk when Iwas ten months old. couldn't understand the teacher yesterday. How could you say that tome? ° Choose the best verbs, and use them with could to complete the story. ‘My brother's baby was unusual. At three months old she (> say / speak) ..2044!. 59, year old she (1 name / count) .z.eeseesseeseen all the colours, and she (2 speak / count) .. 100. At three she (3 read / learn) .- €asy books. She (¢ not think/ not writ) .. she (5 play tll) ....cesrseeseses wonderful stories, and she (s remember / believe) .ovsveee story that she heard, She (7 not walk / noteey) .. Until she was nearly two, though. © What could you do at six years old? Look at the words in the box. Use a dictionary if necessary. Then make some sentences with I could or I couldn't. climb trees dance fight _playchess _playthepiano read runfast sing write Iwant to be able to speak German. (NOT.... tecanspeak German.) [llbe able to drive soon. © Make sentences with willbe ableto. > 1 swim/soon "U4 be all 1 Little Tim / talk / soon I//pay you /next week . Thope that / go to America /one day. The doctor / see you / tomorrow We / buy a car / next year MM. mm. © write about yourself, using be able to. 1 2 3 Ml. 4 Mhalways .. 5 Filnever In some answers both contracted forms (for example n, dont) and full MODAL VERBS 81 forms (for example 1am, do.not are possible. Normally both are correct.-ing forms as subjects Smoking is bad for you. ‘Smoking is bad for you. (More natural than To smoke is bad for you) ‘Swimming is good exercise. Driving makes metired. Travelling takes alot of my time. © complete the sentences. is slower than . (running; swimming) is more dangerous than (reading; skiing) isfaster than... sesseen (ying; going by train) costs more than iseasierthan . isharderthan ismore interesting than .. Is more tiring than is more dangerous ... (washing; eating) (speaking; writing) listening; understanding) (shaving; shopping) (resting; working) . (smoking driving) OVanununay © Make three more sentences like the ones in Exercise 1. Use some of the words in the box. cling learning running shopping sleeping teaching thinking writing Learning languages is difficult and takes time (NOT... ere difficult... learning is singular) Eating chocolate does not make you sim. 8 Complete this list of activities with verbs from the box (use -ing forms). Then number them in order of interest: 1 = most interesting (for you); 8 = least interesting, | buy cook eam listento lookafter meet play read cards .. meals music . soe friends poetry .. .. languages clothes .. NOSMOKING — NOWAITING 3 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY: public notices Which words go with which notice? Use a dictionary if necessary. NOPARKING ..£. NO SMOKING NOFISHING ..... NO CYCLING NOCAMPING In some anes bth contracted fos fr exp do anc TIVES AND -ING F forms (for example /am, do not) are possible. Normally both are correct. Inet = ORMS 131preposition + ...ing Thank you for coming. The children are tired of going to the same place every summer. (NOT ... are-tifed of to got0....) She spoke for an hour without using notes. (NOT .. Thank you for coming. We're thinking of going to Jamaica for Christmas. > For spelling of-ing forms, see page 23. Put the beginnings and ends together. without touse worry about spending too much money. 0 Every morning, my dad worries about A. being late for his train. ..2. 1 Please dont leave without B_ watering my garden while 'm on holiday. 2. Idon't like the idea of C telling me that you're going. ...... 3. Are you interested in D_ going to Vienna with us next weekend? ... 4 Illpay you for E working all my life. 5 Inever get tired of F being able to fly. ...... 6 Thank you very much for G selling his house. 7 My brother's thinking of H 8 I can't work without 1 9 Sometimes | dream of J © Add -ing forms of the verbs in the box. ask bev close get go hear ski smoke wash watch work Alice dreams of ..8/2, .. an opera singer, but she can't sing very well. » 1 Iimtired o the same old stories; doesn't John realise he's boring us? 2. Which British Prime Minister was famous for .. big cigars? 3. Imthinking of... to Greece next summer have you ever been there? 4. Eric's interested in... football on television, but not in playing it. 5 Dontt worry about -sesstseeseeseeaeene the dishes ~ Ill wash them in the morning. 6 She ran out without the door. 7. They didn't pay me much for . in their garden 8 Jessica and Rob are talking about .. married. 9 imnot very good at .. 10 She took my bike without .. People talking without speaking, People hearing without listening... ‘Fools; said 1, ‘You do not know Silence like a cancer grows? (from Sound of Silence: song by Paul Simon) 132 INFINITIVES AND -ING FORMS© Make sentences with very /quite /not very good at...ing or bad at....ing. RUN swim | cycie | oraw | SING key JANE * e * G} * > VERY GOOD 0B © e ° * * = QUITE GooD SUE * * ¥ ° * O_Notvery ooo MARK * we = * oO @ sao ane /run, swim) (Sue/run, cycle). (Bob /run, cycle) (Sue/draw, run). (Mark /swim, run) (Bob/swim, sing)... Uane/run, cycle). (Mark/sing, draw)... ane / draw, sing) (Sue/sing, swim) @Vaununayvy © What are you good or bad at? Write some sentences about yourself. learn my pocket money by working ina petrol station. She passed her exams without studying. © Make sentences with by...ing or without. ing. > When | left the house this morning, | didn't close the windows na. Alli got a wonderful job. He was in the right place at the right time. Alka job by, st 1 Elle stayed awake She drank lots of coffee. 2. Paul drank three glasses of water. He didn't stop. 3 Charles woke us up. He turned the TV on. 4 You can find out the meaning of a word. Use a dictionary. 5 Mike paid for his new house. He didn't borrow any money. 6 Helen lost her driving licence. She drove too fast, t00 often. 7 Carl did all his homework. He didn't ask for any help. 8 Teresa cooks all her food. She doesn't use any salt. | ook forward to hearing from you. (NOT Hook forward-te hear front you) In some answers, both contracted forms for example /m, dont) and full INFINITIVES AND -ING FORMS 133 forms (for example 1am, do.not) are possible. Normally both are correct.verb + ...ing | can’t help feeling unhappy. |can‘thelp feeling unhappy. Doyoumindsharingaroom? Alex has gone swimming. ) ‘Complete the sentences with -ing forms. (For spelling rules, see page 23.) > We enjoy .. PAu tennis in the morning. (play) 1. Has Julia finished her photos? (take) 2 Robert's given up sweets. (eat) 3. "Where's Helen?” ‘She's gone “Ghop) 4 Ihave to practise 10 I can pass my test. (drive) 5 6 Alec suggested .. at the supermarket. (stop) On Sunday I spent three hours . in the garden. (work) © Write sentences using the expression: the box with -ing forms. Hecantthelp Sheenjoys/ They've justfinished He's givenup They're going Allthat week, it kept She's practising She's suggesting /_ It's just stopped 134 INFINITIVES AND -ING FORMS1g forms of the verbs in the box. cook eat getup play shop study wash watch watch wear _work Ihate ..2¢t86ia. George dislikes .. I don't like playing baseball, but | like Idon't mind Joe's two-year-old sister loves. > in the winter before the sun is up. 1 2 3 4 5 Jenny and her sister like .... 6 7 8 9 165, So he often eats out. it late if my boss asks me. 7 with her toys in the bath each other's clothes. -history, nature programmes on TY. . In supermarkets. and weall lke .. When Iwas at school, hated Hike .. Pate «soos My father likes 1,80 we go well together. © Write about ten things you love/hate etc doing. Use expressions from the box or write about other things. cooking dinnerfor friends dancing until 1 a.m, eating out with friends getting up early listening to loud music lyingonasunnybeach reading novels swimming in the ocean travelling tonew places walking in the mountains walking inthe rain _ watching old films > ut lovewalleing inthe mountai 1a 2. 3 4. s 6. 7. 8. 9 10 sesso ‘ove to sing. = Ilovesinging. Rachel likes to go out /going out with friends. ‘Mum hates to cook / cooking on an electric cooker. (BUTNOT Hisikefolisten-to-opere. AND NOT Doyyourmindie-weaittora few-sninites?) la some answers both contracted forse example, don and fll 4 forms (for example fam, do not} are possible. Normally both are correct. INFINITIVES AND SING EORMS 135