Army Public School for International Studies

SRM Islamiyat for Class VI

Week 10, 11, 12

Strand 6: The Main Sources of Guidance and Known Personalities of Islam
Topic: The Companions (RA)
Companions:
Companions are the people who met the Prophet (PBUH) and are the main sources of
preaching Islam. They learned directly from the Prophet (PBUH) and supported him throughout
his life. The definition of a companion in Islamic terminology is a person who saw the Prophet
(PBUH) and died as a Muslim. All the companions of the Prophet (PBUH) were pious and took
great responsibility for spreading Islam.
The Ten Blessed:
Among the companions of the Prophet (PBUH), some companions were those given the glad
tidings of paradise while they were alive. The companions given the status were known as
‘Ashrah Mubasharah’ or the Ten Blessed Companions. Among these companions, 6 of them
were old and 4 were young. The names of these companions were Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA),
Hazrat Umar (RA), Hazrat Uthman (RA), Hazrat Ali (RA), Hazrat Talha (RA), Hazrat Zubair
(RA), Hazrat Abdul Rahman bin Auf (RA), Hazrat Saad bin Abi Waqas (RA), Hazrat Saeed bin
Zaid (RA), Hazrat Abu Ubaidah bin Jarah (RA).
Hazrat Talha bin Ubaid (RA):
His name was Talha and his surname was Abu Muhammad. He was also known by ‘Fayyaz’
and ‘Khair’. His father’s name was Ubaidullah and his mother was ‘Suhba’. His lineage is joined
with the Prophet’s (PBUH) 7 generations back. His father died before his adulthood. He chose
trading as his profession. He went to Basra at the age of 17 or 18 for trading where he met a
monk who gave him the good news of the revealing of the last Prophet (PBUH). Hazrat Talha
(RA) got excited and wanted to meet the Prophet (PBUH). He was among the first 8 people
who accepted Islam. He spent a lot of time with Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) and accepted Islam on
his persuasion. He also faced the persecution of the people of Makkah after accepting Islam.
He was out of Makkah for trading when the migration to Madinah happened. He returned from
his journey, sold his goods, and migrated towards Madinah. He loved the Prophet (PBUH) a
lot and was ready to give his life for him. In the Battle of Uhad, Muslims were shattered due to
the second attack. He prevented every attack from all sides of the Prophet (PBUH) to protect
him. His fingers were cut during this. The Prophet (PBUH) said that if anyone wishes to see a
living martyr should see Talha (RA).
He was given the title of ‘Fayyaz’. He was one of those 30 thousand people who were sent to
the Battle of Tabuk. He was a person of opinion in the era of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) and Hazrat
Umar (RA). He was a special trustee of Hazrat Uthman (RA). He was very generous and helped
a lot of families. He was generous to guests. He was martyred in the era of Hazrat Ali (RA).
Hazrat Zubair bin Awwam (RA):
His name was Zubair and his surname was Abu Abdullah. He was known by the title of ‘Hawari
Rasul’ (PBUH). His father’s name was ‘Awwam’ and his mother was ‘Safiyyah’. His lineage
joins the lineage of the Prophet (PBUH) from ‘Qusai bin Kilab’. His mother was the paternal
aunt of the Prophet (PBUH) and was son in law of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA). Hazrat Safiyyah (RA)
took good care of her son. He accepted Islam when he was 16 and was among those who
accepted Islam at an early age. He migrated to Abyssinia and then to Madinah for Islam. The
Prophet (PBUH) made brothers between Ansars and Muhajireen after the migration to
Madinah. He was made the brother of Salmah bin Salamah (RA) who came in the pledge of
Aqabah.
He participated in all the battles in Madinah. He was among those companions who went with
the Prophet (PBUH) in the treaty of Hudaibiyyah. He killed the brother of Marhab who was
defeated by Hazrat Ali (RA) in the Battle of Khaybar. He participated in the battle of Tabuk, Taif
and was with the prophet (PBUH) at the last Sermon of the prophet (PBUH). He saw the era
of all the Rightly Guided Caliphs and was martyred during prayer (Salat) at the age of 64 in the
36th year of Hijrah. The Prophet (PBUH) said that Talha and Zubair would be my neighbours in
Paradise.
Hazrat Saad bin Abi Waqas (RA):
He was born in 595 A.D. in Makkah. His father’s name was Malik bin Wuhaib but was known
by his surname ‘Abu Waqas’. His mother’s name was Hamna bint Sufyan bin Umaiyyah. He
accepted Islam at the age of 17 or 19 at the hands of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA). He was among
the first 8 companions who accepted Islam. He said himself that he was the 7 th supporter of
the Prophet (PBUH). At an early age in Islam, the companions used to worship while hiding.
Once he was praying with his group as some of the people from Quraish saw them worshipping.
The people of Quraish attacked them. Hazrat Saad (RA) threw a camel bone which injured one
of the attackers. This was the first bloodshed for Islam. He was among the 6 companions
chosen by Hazrat Umar (RA) for the next caliphate after his martyrdom.
He participated in all the battles and was declared the 1st archer of Islam. He protected the
Prophet (PBUH) in the battle of Uhad and shot many arrows from his bow. Some people
mention the total number of arrows thrown by him was more than 1000. He was known as
‘Faris ul Islam’ or the cavalier of Islam. He was with the Prophet (PBUH) in the Treaty of
Hudaibiyyah and was given the leadership of 1 of three battalions before entering Makkah for
the conquest.
He had good administrative ability due to which he was made the ‘Aamil’ 1 of Banu Hazim. The
main event of his life was the conquest of Iran. He was made the leader of the troop who fought
in the Battle of Qadsiyah.
He became the first leader of Iran after the victory. Madain was made the capital of Iran and
the new city of Kufa was colonized. A lot of schools, mosques, bridges and canals were made

1A person assigned to collect Zakat from the people of specific place. They used to collect the Zakat from the
whole area and used to bring that to the capital to divide it properly among the Muslims who are eligible to take
Zakat.
during his leadership. He died at a place called' Aqeeq' outside of Madinah in the 55th year of
Hijrah. His funeral was brought to Madinah for the funeral prayer and was buried in ‘Jannat ul
Baqi’2.
Hazrat Saeed bin Zaid (RA):
He was born in 593 or 594 AD. His father’s name was Zaid bin Umar. He belonged to the
branch of the Quraish tribe known as ‘Adi’. He accepted Islam at the age of 20 in 614 AD. He
was married to Hazrat Umar’s (RA) sister Hazrat Fatimah (RA). The event of Hazrat Umar’s
(RA) Islam is related to his sister when he met her before meeting with the Prophet (PBUH).
He was raised in a good environment and was literate, which means he knew how to read and
write. That is why he was one of the scribes of the Prophet (PBUH). He was one of the 2 spies
sent towards the caravan of Abu Sufyan before the Battle of Badr. The second person was
Hazrat Talha bin Ubaidullah (RA). Abu Sufyan changed the route and went to Makkah while
these 2 remained at their positions and couldn’t participate in the Battle of Badr. He participated
in other battles with the Prophet (PBUH).
He saw the eras of all the Rightly Guided Caliphs. He was the leader of one of the troops of
Hazrat Umar (RA) in his caliphate. His courage and braveness can be seen in the battles of
Ajnadain and Yarmuk. Hazrat Saeed bin Jubair (RA) says that all the all the Blessed
Companions used to fight by protecting the Prophet (PBUH) behind them and all of them used
to stand behind the Prophet (PBUH) during the prayers. Once he was seen crying and was
asked the reason for it. He replied that he was crying for Islam as the martyr of Hazrat Umar
(RA) is a very big loss for Muslim Ummah.
After the conquest of Damascus, he was made the governor of different cities of Syria by the
chief or ‘Ameer’ Hazrat Abu Ubaidullah (RA). He replied to the chief that he wished to fight and
did not accept the offer.
He was kind, generous and strong. He led a simple life. He kept himself away from the offices
of government. He used to spend most of his time worshipping. He died in the 51st year of
Hijrah on Friday. His funeral prayer was led by Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (RA). He was 79
years old when he died.
Hazrat Abu Ubaidah Bin Jarrah (RA):
He was born in 571 A.D. in Makkah. His real name was Amir bin Abdullah but he was given
the title of ‘Amin ul Ummah’ by the Prophet (PBUH). He was very smart and intelligent. He was
40 years old at the event of migration towards Madinah. He accepted Islam at an early age. He
was among those companions who migrated to Abyssinia and then towards Madinah.
He was one of those companions who were capable and had a good experience of everything.
He was a good teacher and commander and had good administrative skills. He participated in
all the battles. He participated in the treaty of Hudaibiyyah and was among those companions
who took the pledge to give their lives known as ‘Bait ul Ridhwan’3.

2The graveyard in Madinah where the Prophet (PBUH) was buried as well.
3 All says in the 18h verse of Surah Fatah that “Indeed, Allah was pleased with the believers when they pledged
allegiance to you ˹O Prophet˺ under the tree.”
He was given the title of ‘Ameen ul Ummah’ or the trustee of the Ummah. In the 9th year of
Hijrah, a deputation from Najran came to the Prophet (PBUH) and said to send a trusted person
with us. The Prophet (PBUH) sent him and said that every Ummah has a trustee, the trustee
of this Ummah is Abu Ubaidah (RA).
He had a lot of qualities and had a good insight into many things. The people of Madinah knew
his abilities and used to listen to him. Upon his suggestion and support, Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)
was made the caliph. Hazrat Umar (RA) trusted him a lot. Six companions were chosen by
Hazrat Umar (RA) among whom 1 was to be chosen as Caliph after him. Hazrat Umar (RA)
said that He would’ve chosen Hazrat Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (RA) as the next caliph if he were
alive as he was declared as the trustee of Ummah by the Prophet (PBUH). He conquered
Hamas in the era of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA). The battle of Yarmouk was won by him due to which
Heraclius had to leave Syria. He also conquered Bait al Maqdas the first Qibla of Muslims. He
performed the first prayer in it. He became the first governor of Syria after this.
He led a simple life. Hazrat Umar (RA) said that he would stay at the house of Hazrat Abu
Ubaidah bin Jarrah (RA) when he came to Bait al Maqdas. The person with these achievements
had some pieces of dry bread which he used to eat with water.
He died in the 18th year of Hijrah. The reason for his death was plague which spread among
the Muslim troops. Many Muslims died during this pandemic. Among them was Hazrat Abu
Ubaidah bin Jarrah (RA) as well. Hazrat Umar (RA) tried to call him back to Madinah but he
refused and said that his heart was among Muslims and not willing to leave Muslim troops. He
died at the age of 58.
Hazrat Abdul Rahman bin Auf (RA):
He was born in Makkah in 581 A.D. His real name was kept as Abd Amr. His father’s name
was Auf bin Abd Auf and his mother’s name was Shifa. The Prophet (PBUH) changed his name
to Abdul Rahman. He belonged to the tribe of Zahra which was a branch of Quraish. He
accepted Islam at the invitation of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA).
He loved the Prophet (PBUH) a lot and was a very humble person. Due to his good manners,
he was seen with respect in Madinah. He was among those 6 companions chosen by Hazrat
Umar (RA) for the next caliphate.
A brotherhood was established between the immigrants and the inhabitants of Madinah. Hazrat
Abdul Rahman bin Auf from Makkah and Hazrat Saad bin Rabee’ were made brothers to each
other. Hazrat Saad (RA) was a wealthy and known person of Madinah. He offered half of his
wealth to his brother. Hazrat Abdul Rahman bin Auf (RA) refused and asked him to show him
the way towards the market. After some time, he became one of the successful traders of
Madinah. About him, the Prophet (PBUH) said that he is among the traders of Rahman.
He understood the Quran under the guidance of the prophet (PBUH). He was generous
because he had a firm belief that spending in the way of Allah increases wealth. He spent his
income for the betterment of the city of Madinah and its protection. He used to donate a lot of
camels loaded with gold and horses for fighting. He used to buy slaves and free them. He
donated 400 dinars per head for the battle of Badr. He participated in all the battles and became
injured in the Battle of Uhad. He kept on donating after the death of the Prophet (PBUH). He
also spent his wealth on the wives of the prophet (PBUH). According to a narration, once he
donated a garden worth 4 hundred thousand for the needs of the wives of the Prophet (PBUH).
He was successful and followed all the Islamic teachings in trading and is the best example for
other Muslims. Sacrificing for others was in his nature.
He was 75 years old when he died in the 33rd year of Hijrah in Syria. He was buried in Oman
which is the capital of Jordan.