Module 12.
1
General Biology 2
Reproduction and
Development of Plant and
Animals
Senior High School`
WEEKLY HOME LEARNING PLAN WEEK 3
Learning Mode of
Learning Tasks
Competency Delivery
Compare Have the parent
and contrast 1. Please read pages 1- 15 and answer hand-in the
the following the following activities: output to the
processes in LESSON 1 adviser in the
plants and A. What’s In page 1 classroom
animals: B. What’s New page 2
ii
reproductio C. What is it page 2
n and D. What’s More page 6
development E. Assessment pages 7-9
(STEM_BIO
11/12-IVa- LESSON 2
h-1). A. What’s In page 9
B. What’s More pages 11-12
C. Assessment pages 12-15
iii
What I Need to Know
Plants and Animals reproduce, develop and find foods to sustain those
processes involve but what is the difference between plants and
animals in terms of reproduction and development?
This module will lead you to understand the following processes in
plants and animals in terms of reproduction and development.
Most Essential Learning Competencies
Compare and contrast the following processes in plants and animals:
reproduction and development (STEM_BIO11/12-IVa-h-1).
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Compare and contrast reproduction and development of plants
and animals;
2. Make a diagram on the difference between plants and animals in
terms of reproduction and development; and
3. Value the importance of reproduction and development of plants
and animals.
Lesson
1 Reproduction of Plants and Animals
What’s In
From your previous topic about the Evolution and Origin of
Biodiversity. Answer the following questions: What is Evolution? And
How Origin of Biodiversity started? Let’s connect to the Organismal
Biology but before that try to rearrange the rumbled letters to give you
a clue on the lesson to be discussed. The rumbled letters are E T R U
N I P R D O C O . How do Plants and Animals differ?
What’s New
Directions: Listed are the following characteristics or functions
exhibited by plants and animals. Classify them using the Venn
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diagram. Write only the letter of your answer on your activity
notebook.
A. Color Display B. Sexual Selection
C. Extend their Species D. Involves Sperm Cell and Egg cells
E. Does not involve gametes F. Spore formation
PLANTS BOTH ANIMALS
QUESTIONS:
1. What is the difference of Plant Reproduction from Animal
Reproduction?
2. What is the similarity of Plant Reproduction and Animal
Reproduction?
What is It
Directions: Answer the following questions.
1. What are the different types of asexual reproduction?
2. Explain using mnemonics the sexual reproduction of animals.
Plant Reproduction versus Animal Reproduction
Reproduction
Plants, animals, and other organism have the ability to reproduce.
Reproduction is a biological process in which different organisms
have the ability to produce another of their kind. With this ability,
organisms are able to improve their species and enhance their physical
characteristics, because only those that have the genes necessary for
survival can proliferate and pass them on to the next generation. In
plants and animals, reproduction may either be sexual or asexual.
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Asexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction does not involve gametes or sex cells. This
type of reproduction can be observed in some plants and in lower
forms of animals.
Types of Asexual Reproduction
1. Budding- an organism is reproduced by
forming an outgrowth, or a “bud”, from
a part of the parent organism’s body.
Example is Hydra.
Figure 1. Hydra
2. Fragmentation- an
organism is produced
from the detached
body part of its
parent. Example is
some species of sea Figure 2. Sea stars
stars.
3. Binary fission- a parent organism (e.g., a unicellular organism)
splits into two “daughter” organisms. This type of asexual
reproduction is usually done by prokaryotic organisms (e.g.,
bacteria) and some invertebrates. Example is Cyanobacteria.
Figure 3. Cyanobacteria
4. Vegetative reproduction- a
plant part is used to
reproduce another plant.
Example is strawberry and
kamote, etc..
Figure 4. Plants
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5. Spore formation-
this involves the
production of spores,
which are specialized
asexual reproductive
cells. Example is
Figure 5. Fern ferns.
Sexual Reproduction
On the other hand, sexual reproduction involves the union of
gametes (i.e., the sperm and the egg cell) inside or outside the body of
an organism. This type of reproduction is exhibited only by higher
forms of organisms, including humans. In this process, the sperm and
the egg fuse to create a fertilized egg known as the zygote, which will
eventually become the embryo. Figure 6.1 shows the process necessary
for sexual reproduction to occur.
Figure 6.1.Sexual reproduction in humans.
Reproductive Traits in Organisms
The reproduction of different organisms plays a vital role in the
continuation of their species, as well as their survival. There are a lot
of physical differences in the reproductive systems of plants and
animals, but they also share certain similarities. Plants and animals
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both use color display for reproduction. Plants use their physical
characteristics to attract pollinators. Some plants have bright-colored
flowers to attract insects, and thus enabling the transfer of pollen from
one flower to another. Figure 6.2 shows a bee feeding on nectar from a
dandelion. As the bee feeds itself, the pollen grains get attached to its
hairy body. When the bee sips nectar from another flower, the pollen
grains that previously got attached to it are then transferred; thus,
reproduction happens.
Figure 6.2. Pollination of dandelion by a bee
Some animals also use color display to attract a mate. The
peacock in figure 6.3 shows a magnificent color display of its feathers
during courtship. The peacock does this to attract the female peafowl,
the peahen.
Figure 6.3. A
peacock displaying his
plumage to a peafowl.
One distinguishing characteristic of animals is sexual selection,
wherein some male species compete with other males to copulate with
females. This form of natural selection allows successful transfer of
genes from one generation to the next. Another difference between
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plants and animals is their method of fertilization. Sexual reproduction
in most animals requires physical interaction with each other in close
proximity. In comparison, plants need a vector, such as an insect or a
bird. Thus, animals and plants have different ways of reproduction,
but their main goal is the same: to extend their species.
What’s More
Directions: Column A is the definition of term in the Column B. Select
the word/s from the Column B that best describes its definition from
the Column A.
Column A Column B
1. produce specialized asexual cells a. Sexual selection
2. produced from detached body part b. Color display
3. male species compete with other male species c. Plumage
4. change in color of a peacock d. Spore formation
5. use physical characteristics to attract e. Fragmentation
f. Budding
g. Binary
fission
What I Have Learned
Directions: Answer the questions below.
Questions:
1. What are the physical differences and similarities in the
reproduction systems of plants and animals?
2. What is the difference of sexual reproduction from asexual
reproduction?
What I Can Do
Directions: Answer the question below.
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Humans play a significant role in society and in the environment.
As a product of the previous generation, how can you contribute in
improving our society for the benefit of the next generation?
Assessment
Directions: Select the letter of the best answer.
1. Which asexual reproduction explains spore formation?
A. Production of spores
B. Plant parts is used to reproduce
C. Produced from detached body part
D. Splits into two daughter organisms
2. What kind of asexual reproduction a Budding is all about?
A. Production of spores
B. Plant parts is used to reproduce
C. Splits into two daughter organisms
D. Produced from outgrowth body part
3. Which asexual reproduction considered as Vegetative reproduction?
A. Production of spores
B. Plant parts is used to reproduce
C. Splits into two daughter organisms
D. Produced from outgrowth body part
4. What type of asexual reproduction explains Fragmentation?
A. Production of spores
B. Plant parts is used to reproduce
C. Produced from detached body part
D. Splits into two daughter organisms
5. What is the biological process in which different organisms have the
ability to produce another of their kind?
A. Circulation
B. Development
C. Nutrition
D. Reproduction
6. Which of the following organisms reproduce through Binary fission?
A. Cyanobacteria
B. Dandelion
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C. Ferns
D. Hydra
7. Which asexual reproduction describes a Binary fission?
A. production of spores
B. plant parts is used to reproduce
C. splits into two daughter organisms
D. produced from outgrowth body part
8. What organism reproduces in the form of Budding?
A. Cyanobacteria
B. Dandelion
C. Ferns
D. Hydra
9. Which is the product of fertilized sperm cell and egg cell?
A. Embryo
B. Ovum
C. Sperm
D. Zygote
10. All of the following is the characteristics of sexual reproduction,
EXCEPT
A. presence of zygote
B. does not involve gametes
C. union of sperm cell and egg cell
D. exhibited by higher forms of organisms
11. Which of the following is NOT included in the comparison of plants
and animals in terms of their reproduction?
A. plants need a vector such as an insect for reproduction
B. animals and plants have the same ways of reproduction
C. plants and animals both use color display for reproduction
D. most animals requires physical interaction with each other
12. All of the following organisms are a product of asexual reproduction,
EXCEPT
A. bacteria
B. dog
C. sea star
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D. strawberry
13.Which does NOT explains an asexual reproduction?
A. it needs pollinators
B. it does not involves zygote
C. reproduces from the body part
D. involves sperm cell and egg cell
14.Is it true that (I) plants and animals have the same sexual selection
while (II) plants use color display for reproduction?
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
15.Is it true that (I) reproduction allows organisms to propagate and
improve their species and (II) only those that have the genes
necessary for survival can proliferate and pass them on to the next
generation?
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
Additional Activities
Make a survey on the methods or ways on how your parents
reproduce or propagate their own favorite plants. Explain briefly the
methods.
Lesson 2 DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS
What’s In
From your previous topic about the Reproduction of Plants and
Animals. How do plants and animals reproduce? What is the similarity
and difference in terms of their reproduction? Let’s connect to the next
topic but before that try to rearrange the rumbled letters to give you a
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clue on the lesson to be discussed. The rumbled letters are M V E P N
E L D E O T . How do Plants and Animals differ?
What’s New
Directions: Complete the following table to show the differences
in the development of plants and animals.
Feature Plant Animal
Life cycle
Growth pattern
Cell growth
(in size or in number)
Change in body shape
Formation of gametes
What is It
Directions: Answer the following problems.
1. What are the differences of plants and animals development?
2. Illustrate the comparison of life cycles between plants and animals.
Developmental Difference of Plants and Animals
Development
Plants and animals have progressed differently. Based on
phylogenetic evidence or the evolutionary history of organisms, the
primitive ancestor of plants and animals was likely a unicellular
eukaryote. However, based on molecular evidence from gene
comparisons, there is not much similarity between the genes that
make up the body plan of plants and of animals.
At the unicellular stages of their development, plant cells are
positionally fixed, which means that they are not capable of movement,
whereas animal cells are motile or capable of movement. During the
growth stages, the body plan of plants is highly regulated by the
environment because plants cannot choose or change their growing
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locations, whereas the body plan of animals is clearly determined by
its genes. Plant and animal life cycles are also different from one
another. Most plants undergo alternation of generations, where they
have sexual and asexual life cycles, whereas the animal life cycle has
only one continuous multicellular stage (after fertilization). Figure 6.4
shows the comparison between the life cycles of plants and animals.
Figure 6.4. Comparison between life cycles of animals and plants
The processes in the formation of gametes are also different
between plants and animals. During meiosis, plants produce spores
first before forming the gametes, whereas in animals, the gametes are
directly formed. Another developmental difference between plants and
animals is shown in their morphogenesis, or change in shape. Plants
develop by going through a longer period of morphogenesis than
animals. Plants just grow and develop continuously until they die,
whereas animals develop into a distinct and complete body shape
(usually during adulthood). Plants grow by increasing their cell size,
whereas animals grow by increasing the number of their cells.
What’s More
Directions: Column A is the definition of term in the Column
B. Select the word/s from the Column B that best describes its
definition from the Column A.
Column A Column B
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1. evolutionary history of organisms a. alternation of
generations
2. change in shape b. meiosis
3. gene comparisons c. morphogenesis
4. sexual and asexual life cycles d. phylogenetic evidence
5. formation of spores and gametes e. molecular evidence
f. growth stage
g. body plan
What I Have Learned
Directions: Answer the questions below.
Questions:
1. What are the differences in the development of plants and
animals in terms of life cycle?
2. What is the difference of morphogenesis in plants and animals?
What I Can Do
Directions: Use your basic knowledge on development to answer the
problem.
1. List down all the development you observed in your body
especially its morphogenesis and life cycle.
Assessment
Directions: Select the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on
your activity notebook.
1. Which stages of development wherein the body plan of animals is
determined by its genes?
A. Growth stages
B. Meiosis stages
C. Unicellular stages
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D. Multicellular stages
2. Which of the following undergo alternation of generations?
A. Animals
B. Humans
C. Microorganisms
D. Plants
3. Which stage wherein plants produce spores first before forming the
gametes?
A. Gametogenesis
B. Meiosis
C. Mitosis
D. Sporization
4. Which process of development is also called the change in shape?
A. Alternation of generations
B. Morphogenesis
C. Gametogenesis
D. Sporization
5. What stages of development wherein plant cells are positionally
fixed? A. Growth stages
B. Meiosis stages
C. Unicellular stages
D. Multicellular stages
6. What process of development where plants have sexual and asexual
life cycles?
A. Alternation of generations
B. Gametogenesis
C. Morphogenesis
D. Sporization
7. Which determine the body plan of animals during growth stage?
A. Environment
B. Gene
C. Life cycle
D. Reproduction
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8. What evidence showing gene comparison of plants and animals is
not much similar?
A. Molecular evidence
B. Evolutionary history
C. Phylogenetic evidence
D. Primitive ancestor evidence
9. Which of the following produces spores first before forming the
gametes?
A. Animals
B. Humans
C. Microorganisms
D. Plants
10. Which is NOT included in the development of animals?
A. Gametes are not directly formed
B. Animals are determined by its genes
C. Has only one continuous multicellular stage
D. Animals can choose or change their growing locations
11. Which is TRUE about the development of plants and animals?
A. They progressed differently
B. Similarity between the genes
C. Plant cells is highly regulated by its genes
D. Animal life cycle undergo sexual and asexual life cycle
12. All of the following describes the development of plants, EXCEPT
A. Plants produce spores
B. They undergo sexual and asexual life cycles
C. Has only one continuous multicellular stage
D. Body plan of plants is regulated by environment
13. Which is NOT included in the developmental differences between
plants and animals?
A. Animal cells are motile
B. Plant cells are positionally fixed
C. Animals do not undergo alternation of generations
D. Plants can choose or change their growing locations
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14. Is it true that (I) Plants grow by increasing the number of cells
whereas (II) Animals grow by increasing their cell size?
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
15. Is it true that (I) Plants develop by going through a longer period of
morphogenesis or change in shape while (II) Animals develop into a
distinct and complete body shape?
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
References
Javier, Mark Archei O. Diwa Senior High School Series: General Biology 2. 4/F SEDCCO 1 Bldg. 120
Thailand corner Legazpi Streets, Legaspi Village, 1229 Makati City: DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS INC, 2017.
http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch13/hydra_budding.html
http://www.madreporite.com/science/regeneration.html
https://www.labroots.com/trending/microbiology/2094/cell-division-z-marks-the-spot
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5720797/
https://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/beauty/ferns/structure.shtml
https://www.123rf.com/photo_98443437_stock-vector-education-chart-of-biology-forreproduction-process-
of-human-diagram-vector-illustration-.html
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Pollination_Bee_Dandelion_Zoom.J PG
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/464504149063151753/ https://www.slideshare.net/jayswan/chapter-38-
angiosperm-reproduction
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