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CH 134

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54 views14 pages

CH 134

Uploaded by

ryuu333
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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202022542 이동용 _ 약물치료학 3 과제

1. Which of the following are the two most important parameters for the diagnosis of
infective endocarditis?

A. Laboratory abnormalities and positive blood cultures

B. Positive blood cultures and echocardiographic changes

C. Electrocardiogram changes and positive physical findings

D. Positive physical findings and positive blood cultures

답 : B. Modified Duke 기준에 따르면, 확실한 감염성 심내막염의 진단에는 양성 혈액 배양과 심내막
침범의 증거가 필요합니다

2. Which of the following most likely represents a patient with true bacteremia?
A. 62-year-old man admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis with Staphylococcus
epidermidis isolated from 1 of 4 blood culture bottles

B. 22-year-old woman with a history of intravenous drug use with Staphylococcus


aureus isolated from 2 of 4 blood culture bottles

C. 58-year-old woman admitted with a newly diagnosed DVT and Bacillus spp.
isolated from both sets of blood cultures

D. 99-year-old man admitted for failure to thrive with Staphylococcus


haemolyticus isolated from 2 of 4 blood culture bottles

답 : A. Staphylococcus aureus 는 항상 병원성으로 간주되어야 하는 반면 Staphylococcus


epidermidis , Staphylococcus haemolyticus 및 Bacillus spp.는 혈액 배양에서 회수될 때 병원체가 될
가능성이 낮습니다

3. Which statement is true concerning echocardiography in the diagnosis of infective


endocarditis?
A. A negative transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) excludes a diagnosis of infective
endocarditis

B. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) has better sensitivity than transthoracic


echocardiogram (TTE) for detecting vegetations

C. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is unnecessary in patients with congenital


heart disease, previous endocarditis, new murmur, or heart failure

D. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) has good sensitivity but poor specificity


for detecting vegetations

답 : B. 감염성 심내막염의 진단에는 심장초음파검사가 중요하다. 접근성 때문에 경흉부 심장초음파


(TTE)가 먼저 수행되는 반면, 경흉부 심장초음파(TEE)는 더 민감하고 구체적입니다(각각 90%-100%
및 40%-66%). TEE 는 CHD, 이전 심내막염, 새로운 심잡음, 심부전 또는 기타 감염성 심내막염의
낙인이 있는 환자에서 수행되어야 합니다

4. 76-year-old man with a history of dental abscess was admitted to the clinic with
persistent fever and malaise for the last month. A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE)
revealed a large mitral valve vegetation. Which of the following is the most likely
etiology?

A. Group A streptococci

B. Viridans group streptococci

C. Staphylococcus epidermidis

D. Enterococcus faecalis.

답 : B. 비리단스 그룹 연쇄구균은 사람의 입과 치은에 흔히 서식하며, 특히 아급성으로 나타나는


자연 판막과 관련된 심내막염의 일반적인 원인입니다
5. 35-year-old man with a history of injection drug use was admitted with fevers and rigors
and blood cultures revealed gram-positive cocci in pairs and clusters. He has no known
drug allergies, has normal renal function, and appears in no apparent distress. Which of
the following is the most appropriate empiric antibacterial therapy?

A. Vancomycin

B. Cefazolin

C. Nafcillin
D. Piperacillin/tazobactam

답 : C. S 가 의심되는 환자의 경험적 치료 . 혈액 배양에서 나온 쌍 및 클러스터의 그람 양성 구균에


기반한 아우레우스 균혈증은 감수성 결과가 나오기 전에 병원 및 지역 사회에서 확인된 MRSA
비율의 증가로 인해 대부분의 경우 반코마이신 또는 답토마이신을 사용하여 MRSA 에 대해 활성을
포함해야 합니다.

6. Which of the following is associated with the highest risk of developing infective
endocarditis?

A. Mitral valve prolapse with regurgitation

B. Presence of a prosthetic heart valve


C. Rheumatic fever without valvular defects

D. Intravenous drug abuse

답 : A. 인공 심장 판막의 존재는 감염성 심내막염의 가장 큰 위험과 관련이 있습니다

7. Which of the following represents the most likely primary source for Escherichia
coli bacteremia?

A. Urogenital procedure

B. Skin and soft tissue infection

C. Community acquired pneumonia

D. Total knee arthroplasty

답 : B. E. coli 를 포함하는 Enterobacterales 의 균혈증은 비뇨생식기, 위장관 또는 호흡기관 소스뿐만


아니라 중단 또는 시술로 인한 비뇨생식기 또는 위장관의 전위로 인해 발생할 가능성이 가장
높습니다
8. Which situation is most likely to lead to “culture-negative” infective endocarditis?

A. Use of antimicrobials prior to blood culture sampling

B. Gram-negative bacteria from the HACEK group (eg, Kingella kingae)

C. Non-bacterial etiologies (eg, fungi)

D. Unidentified subacute, left-sided infective endocarditis

답 ; A. "배양 음성" 감염성 심내막염은 임상적으로 감염성 심내막염으로 진단될 가능성이 높지만
혈액 배양에서 병원균이 나오지 않는 환자를 의미하며, 이는 이전의 항균 요법으로 인해 가장 흔히
발생합니다
9. A patient presents with complaints of fevers, chills, malaise, and dyspnea for the past 2
days. A grade 3/6 systolic murmur and thin, linear hemorrhages under the fingernail beds
are discovered on examination. Based on these findings, the patient is suspected to have
infective endocarditis. Which of the following would be the most appropriate empirical
antimicrobial regimen?

A. Cefazolin 2 g IV every 8 hours

B. Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV every 12 hours

C. Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV every 12 hours plus ampicillin/sulbactam 3 g IV every 6


hours

D. Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV every 12 hours plus ceftriaxone 2 g IV every 12 hours

답 : D. 감염성 심내막염이 급성으로 나타나는 환자의 경우 IV 반코마이신은 감염성 심내막염, 포도상


구균, 연쇄상 구균, 장구균, 호기성 그람 음성 간균의 가장 흔한 원인을 치료하기 위해 cefepime 과
병용해야 합니다
10. Which of the following would be the most appropriate antimicrobial regimen for
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prosthetic valve infective endocarditis?

A. Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV every 12 hours for 6 weeks

B. Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV every 12 hours plus gentamicin 1 mg/kg IV every 8


hours for 6 weeks

C. Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV every 12 hours and rifampin 300 mg po every 8 hours


for 6 weeks plus gentamicin 1 mg/kg IV every 8 hr for the first 2 weeks

D. Doxycycline 100 mg IV every 12 hours and rifampin 300 mg po every 8 hours for
6 weeks plus gentamicin 1 mg/kg IV every 8 hours for the first 2 weeks

답 : D. 메티실린 내성 황색포도상 구균(MRSA) 인공판막심내막염 환자에서는 반코마이신 6 주


정맥주사와 젠타마이신 2 주 투여를 병행해야 한다
11. In which of the following patients could intravenous antimicrobial therapy be transitioned
to oral antimicrobial therapy to yield similar safety and efficacy outcomes?

A. 65-year-old man with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)


bacteremia after recent total hip arthroplasty

B. 23-year-old woman with a pan susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia due


to pyelonephritis

C. 47-year-old woman with fluoroquinolone-resistant Pseudomonas


aeruginosa lifeport associated bacteremia

D. 62 year old man with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)


bacteremia due right lower extremity osteomyelitis

답 : B 황색 포도상구균 균혈증 환자에게 경구용 항균제 투여는 권장되지 않는다 . 그람


음성균혈증에는 경구 항균 요법을 사용할 수 있지만, 녹농균증에는 플루오로퀴놀론이 유일한 경구
옵션입니다
12. In which of the following patients would short course (7 days) of treatment for gram-
negative bacteremia be most appropriate?

A. 24-year-old woman with a history of intravenous drug use with Enterobacter


cloacae bacteremia and a paravalvular abscess

B. 66-year-old woman with Escherichia coli bacteremia due a urinary tract infection

C. 30-year-old man with Serratia marcescens bacteremia due to recent lumbar fusion

D. 40-year-old man with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia complicated by a


prosthetic valve endocarditis

답 : B. 합병증이 없는 그람 음성 균혈증 환자는 7 일간 항균 요법으로 치료할 수 있습니다

13. What is the most common organism causing infective endocarditis?

A. Candida albicans

B. Enterococcus faecalis
C. Staphylococcus aureus

D. Viridans group streptococcus

답 : C. 심내막염은 포도상구균, 특히 S. 에 의해 가장 흔히 발생합니다 .

14. Which of the following represents a patient with uncomplicated Staphylococcus


aureus bacteremia?

A. 26-year-old woman with no significant past medical history who developed a


central line-associated MSSA bacteremia while being treated in the ICU for
pancreatitis

B. 44-year-old man with a history of IV drug use with MRSA bacteremia and
tricuspid infective endocarditis

C. 44-year-old man with persistent MSSA bacteremia secondary to prosthetic joint


infection

D. 68-year-old woman with MRSA bacteremia and an infected cardiac implantable


electronic device

답 : A. 복잡하지 않거나 위험도가 낮은 S 의 기준을 충족합니다 . 아우레우스 균혈증의 경우, 다음


기준을 모두 충족해야 합니다: (1) 초기 양성 배양 후 48~96 시간에 무균 반복 혈액 배양, (2) 활성
치료 시작 후 72 시간 이내에 해열, (3) 감염성 심내막염 제외/ 2 차 전이성 감염, (4) 이식된 보철물(예:
인공 판막, 심장 장치 또는 관절성형술)이 없음, (5) 혈액 투석에 의존하지 않음

15. Which of the following represents the most appropriate events in the management
of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia?:

A. infectious diseases consultation, source control, appropriate antimicrobial therapy

B. echocardiography, repeat blood cultures, appropriate antimicrobial therapy

C. infectious diseases consultation, echocardiography, source control, repeat blood


cultures, appropriate antimicrobial therapy
D. infectious diseases consultation, echocardiography, repeat blood cultures,
appropriate antimicrobial therapy

답 : C. S 의 치료 . 아우레우스 균혈증에는 원인 관리, 감염성 질환에 대한 상담, 감염성 심내막염을


평가하기 위한 심장초음파검사, 반복 혈액 배양 및 적절한 항균 요법이 포함됩니다.

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