Solid Environment * Flammable

LEARNING OBJECTIVES * Radioactive

• Understanding Waste Management * Infectious

• Analyzing Environmental Impacts:
• Assessing Regulatory Compliance:
Types of Solid Wastes into several
* What is Solid Waste?
categories:
* What is Solid Waste Management and its
* Garbage
Importance?
The variety of materials referred to as solid
* Hazardous Materials & Who Produces It
waste or refuse is broken. Strictly
* Associated Risks
refers to animal or vegetable wastes,
* Treatments and Disposal particularly byproducts of food preparation.
Garbage decomposes rapidly if exposed to
* Reduce the elements and creates offensive odors.
* Reuse * Trash
* Recycle Refers to solid waste that does not
* Composition decompose

* Emmisions (e.g, packaging, bootles, cans, building

materials.
* Land Fills & Dumps
* Hazardous Waste
Refers to waste that is ignitable, corrosive
Solid Waste or reactive (explosive) or that contains
certain concentration of toxic chemicals.
Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid
materials generated from combined
residential, industrial and commercial
activities in a given area.
Sources of Solid Waste It may be
categorized by:
According to its origin
* Domestic
* Industrial
* Commercial
* Construction or Institutional
According to its content
* Organic
* Material
* Glass
* Metal
* Plastic Paper
According to Hazard Potential
* Toxic
* Non-Toxin
Republic Act No. 9003 protect your loved ones along with the
environment.
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of
2000
"AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN Hazardous Materials:
ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE
It can be liquids, solids, gases, or sludges.
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, CREATING
THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL They can be discarded commercial
MECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES, products, like cleaning fluids or pesticides,
DECLARING CERTAIN ACTS or by-products of manufacturing processes,
PROHIBITED AND PROVIDING
PENALTIES, APPROPRIATING FUNDS
THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PUPOSES Classifications of Hazardous Materials
Flammable/Combustible ignites easily and
Waste Generation burns rapidly.

Waste generation refers to the creation or Example:

production of waste materials as a result of * Butane
human activities or natural processes. This
includes any material that is discarded or * Propane
considered no longer useful. Waste can be
* Hygrogen gas
generated in various sectors such as
residential, commercial, industrial, * acetone
agricultural, and healthcare.
* gasoline
* kerosene etc.
Waste Collection
Waste collection involves the gathering
and removal of waste materials from their
point of generation to a designated
collection point or facility. This process
ensures that waste is properly managed
and prevented from accumulating in public
spaces or causing environmental harm.
Waste Transportation
Waste transportation involves the
movement of waste materials from
collection points to treatment, recycling,
disposal, or other management facilities.
This can include various modes of
transportation such as trucks, trains, ships,
and pipelines, depending on the type and
volume of waste and the distance it needs
to travel.

The importance of Solid Waste

Management
Solid waste management is extremely
important in our community mainly because
it will prevent your household from
experiencing the hazardous outcomes of
solid waste material. By getting rid most of
these waste matter properly, you can
Explosive/Reactive By law, hazardous products must bear
labels that explain the hazards associated
Explosive chemicals produces a sudden,
with them and how to prevent injury and
almost instantaneous release of pressure,
damage. The following signal words
gas and heat when subjected to abrupt
determined by law express the relative risk
shock, hight tempt.
associated with a product.
Reactive Chemicals vigorously undergo a * No signal word
chemical change under conditions of shock
pressure and temperature. - nonhazardous
Example: * Caution or Warning
* Black Powder - generally mildly to moderately hazardous
or toxic: can cause temporary adverse
* Flash Powder
health effects, such as skin irritation or
* Ammonium nitrate vomiting.

* Poison highly toxic: can be fatal if

ingested
Corrosive
causes visibledestruction of or irreversible
alterations in living tissue by chemical action Treatment & Disposal
at the site of contact.
REUSE
Example:
REDUCE
* Bleach
RECYCLE
* Ammonia
COMPOSTING
* Vinegar (acetic acid)
EMISSIONS
DUMPS
Toxic
LANDFILLS
Poisonous to living organisms when they
are ingested, inhaled or absorbed through
the skin.
Example:
* Mercury
* Arsenic
* Petroleum etc.

Who Produces Hazardous Waste?

Although industrial sources comprise the
primary producers, users, and disposers of
hazardous substances, hazardous products
are found in almost every households
substances improperly used or disposed of
can be released into the environment,
sometimes with serios consequences.

Associated Risks
REDUCE "conventional" waste disposal that can save
materials and help lower greenhouse
Source Reduction
emissions.
involves efforts to reduce hazardous waste What's Recyclable?
and other materials by modifiving industrial
production. Materials currently recycled in substantial
quantities include office paper, magazines,
Source reduction methods involve changes
plastic soft-drink bottles, milk jugs, glass
inputs, and product formulation.
containers, demolition debris, wood,
Waste Minimization aluminum and other nonferrous metals, iron
and steel. Most commonly recycled items
a process and policy of reducing the amount are papers, metal, glass and plastics.
of waste produced by a person or a society.
Advantages of Recycling
Waste minimization usually requires
knowledge of the production process, * Rcycling minimizes pollution
craddie to grave (now cradle-to-cradle) anal
* Protects the environment
Reuse of Scrap Materials
* Recysling minimizes global warming
Scraps can be immediately re-incorporated * Conserves natural resources
at the beginning of the manufacturing line
so that they do not become a waste * Reduces energy consumption
production.
Disadvantages of Recycling
Monitoring
* High upfront capital lost
Steps can be taken to ensure that the
* Recycling sites are unhygienic, unsafe and
number of rejectd batches is kept to a
unsightly
minimum. This is achieved by increasing the
frequency of inspection and the number of * Products from recycled waste may not be
points of inspection. durable
Waste Exchange Recycling might not be inexpensive
This is where the waste product of one
process becomes thr raw material for a
second process. Waste exchanges
represents another way of reducing waste
disposal volumes for waste that cannot be
eliminated.

REUSE
* is the action or practice of using something
again, whether for its original purpose
(conventional reuse) or to fulfill a different
function (creative reuse or repurposing)
* To reuse is to use an item more than
once.

*RECYCLING
it is the process of converting waste
materials into new materials and objects. It
is an alternative to
COMPOSTING * Fly ash- toxic particles light enough to be
borne upward with combusting gases; a
* Composting is the controlled biological
portion of these might not be heavy enough
process of turning organic waste into a soil
to fall or might not be large enough to be
conditioner.
captured by pollution-control-devices before
* Composting produces a nutrient-rich soil exiting the stack.
additive called compost.
* Compost can be used as an additive to
LANDFILLS & DUMPS
soil, or other matrices such as coir and peat,
a a tilth improver, supplying humus and * It is the most traditional method of waste
nutrients. disposal.
Types of Composting * Waste is directly dumped into discused
quarries, mining voids or borrow pits.
* Yard trimmings
* Disposed waste is compacted and
* Food wastes
covered with soil.
* Leaves
* Gases generated by the decomposing
* Manure (cow, horse, sheep, poultry) waste materials are often burnt to generated
power.
Why Compost?
* It is generally used for Domestic waste.
* Save money
* Save Resources
* Improve your soil
* Reduce your Impact
* Mushroom compost
* Vermicomposting

EMISSIONS
Most energy-recovery facilities use
sophisticated combustion-control systems
designed to optimize combustion, minimize
ash for disposal, and optimize clean burning
by reducing the formation of Products of
Incomplete Combustion (PICs). Some of the
waste that goes through the incineration
process, however, might exit the system in
one of the following forms:
* Combustion Gases • can exit through the
stack if they are not completely removed by
air-pollution-device.
* Particulate emissions- lightweight particles
can exit the combustion chamber along with
combuction gases, if they are small enough
to get past pollution-control-devices.
* Bottom ash- uncombusted waste such as
glass and metal, generally considered
nontoxic; approximately 75% of all
incinerator ash.