LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS – TO 17 MIPY

Opinion Thread: Which one is more recommended before seeing a movie: reading reviews or watching trailers?

1. How does reading movie reviews benefit moviemakers D. Michael Lee and Natalie Johnson
in any way according to Simon Chang? E. Elena Rodriguez and Natalie Johnson
A. It helps them gauge viewers’ interest in potential
films. 3. Which of the following opinions is FALSE in the opinion
B. It fosters deeper appreciation for their films’ thread?
technical finesse. A. Reading too much into movie reviews could spoil
C. It helps viewers get enthusiastic about their the fun.
upcoming movies. B. Excessive analysis on a movie takes away from the
D. It could save them from creating subpar films in the joy of discovery.
future. C. It is better to watch a movie without any
E. It can hinder raw emotions intended by filmmakers. preconceptions of what it is about.
D. Listening to what the critics say could consistently
2. Which pair of commentators are more likely to work in save someone from watching poorly-made films.
the film industry? E. Movie reviews and trailers can help viewers gauge
A. Sophie Evans and Simon Chang if a movie is aligned with their interests.
B. Elena Rodriguez and Michael Lee
C. Simon Chang and Elena Rodriguez
4. The word “dissecting” in Natalie Johnson’s post is best
replaced by …. 6. Which commentator seems to dismiss both trailers and
A. dismembering reviews altogether and why?
B. investigating A. Simon Chang; because they enhance viewers’
C. assembling appreciation without spoiling the surprise
D. inspecting B. Elena Rodriguez; because either of the two can
E. analyzing influence the viewers’ perception and hinder raw
emotions
5. What does Michael Lee mean when he said “... could C. Sophie Evans; because they detract from the joy of
save me from a few duds!” in his commentary? discovery
A. He could save himself from watching poorly-made D. Michael Lee; because they could save the viewers’
movies. from watching bad movies
B. He could avoid bad movies and save a few dollars. E. Natalie Johnson; because they can be a buzzkill
C. He could save himself from critics’ opinions. which leaves room no room for anticipation
D. He could avoid bumping into a few dudes at the
cinema. 7. How many commentators agree that balance matters
E. He could save some dudes from watching bad when it comes to the debate between reading reviews
movies. and watching trailers?
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
E. six

Text 1

Urban foraging is about more than finding cool plants and living the #cottagecore aesthetic — it's an opportunity to
reassess how we access food in a world defined by a climate crisis that equally affects natural environments and global
food production. The practice may not be top of mind when discussing our food's impact on climate change, but as Emery
explained, urban foraging rests at "the intersection of climate change, climate justice, food security, and food sovereignty,"
as it highlights the need for socially-conscious urban planning, urban green spaces populated by local plants, and universal
access to nutritional foods. The practice doesn't promise an overarching solution to global climate change, which demands
corporate accountability and government action. Individual action alone isn't sufficient enough to alleviate the problems of
climate change and food insecurity.

Still, "hyper-local" practices like urban foraging could offer temporary solutions for communities waiting on large-scale
changes and encourage individuals to consider their connection to the food, land, and community around them. "Foragers
who forage the same species and, in particular, the same species in the same location year after year, observe at a very
fine scale the effects of climate change on the landscape," Emery explained. The local practice also has global implications
— studies have shown that continued climate change will exacerbate food insecurity around the world, and
disproportionately impacts global communities of color.

Foraging offers a way to address the local repercussions of failed resource allocation, like food insecurity (the lack of
nutritious foods to maintain a healthy diet) and food apartheid (unequal access to healthy foods and supermarkets, created
by systemic barriers in poor neighborhoods or communities of color). And it makes a case to reassess how land is used in
the city's "greening" initiatives. When cities consider repurposing what Emery calls "impervious surfaces" (like former
industrial spaces) into environmentally friendly green space, "there's a real opportunity to think in terms of species that
can provide food to people," Emery said. Reintroducing native plants helps preserve biodiversity, and prioritizing those that
are edible can help feed growing populations.

(Adapted from https://sea.mashable.com)

Text 2

I am now celebrating my 10th year as a forager, and I can tell you the yield is bountiful. On my shelves at the moment are
sloe gin (infused with sloe berries, a fruit of the blackthorn bush), acorn schnapps, elderflower cordial, nettle pesto, rosehip
ice cream, blackberry jam, dried wild mushrooms, and wild hop beer—all homemade and hand-picked from the streets,
parks, and waterways of London.
 Foragers in the U.S. find an equal bounty—mulberry in Pennsylvania; loquats and kumquats in California; apples, pears,
and plums in Wisconsin. Foraging can be both superlative and extreme. Florida-based environmentalist Rob Greenfield,
for example, spent a year foraging or growing everything he ate, from grapefruit plucked from a neighboring tree to daikon
radish cultivated in his own garden.

I have not always spent my days rifling through hedgerows, long grass, backstreets, and woodlands in search of wild food
for Michelin-starred restaurants, markets, breweries, and supermarkets in London. For many years I worked as a deep-sea
fisherman in my hometown of Tenby in southwest Wales. But after years of getting up in the middle of the night to head
out into the dark, frigid Irish Sea, I decided it was time for a change. Back on land, I trained and worked as a tree surgeon
for three years—which opened my eyes to all things wild and foraged.

In my opinion, everybody should be able to experience the benefits of foraging, especially now at a time when panic buyers
often empty local supermarket shelves and stay-at-home orders limit travel. Foraging connects us with nature in a way
that is healing mentally and physically in times of stress and anxiety. With fewer cars on the roads and people rushing
past, and less noise pollution, now is the time to become more familiar with your natural environment.

(Adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com)

8. What does the pronoun "it" refer to in the sentence B. Foraging is an outdated practice that should be
below? avoided.
C. Foraging is primarily a means of obtaining food for
”The practice may not be top of mind when discussing Michelin-starred restaurants.
our food's impact on climate change, but as Emery D. Foraging is only feasible for those living in rural
explained, urban foraging rests at "the intersection of areas.
climate change, climate justice, food security, and food E. Foraging is a dangerous activity that should be left
sovereignty," as it highlights the need for socially- to experts.
conscious urban planning, urban green spaces populated
by local plants, and universal access to nutritional foods.” 12. What does the phrase “superlative and extreme” mean
in the sentence below?
A. Climate change
B. Food sovereignty ”Foraging can be both superlative and extreme.”
C. Urban foraging
D. Emery A. typically mundane and unremarkable
E. Urban planning B. average quality and difficulty
C. limited interest in nature
9. What is the tone of Text 1? D. exceptionally rewarding and challenging
A. Cynical E. a leisure activity with little value
B. Analytical
C. Casual 13. Why did the author of Text 2 decide to become a forager?
D. Humorous A. They sought a new challenge after feeling
E. Reflective dissatisfied with their previous career.
B. They got exposed to wild and foraged things while
10. Which of the following is TRUE about urban foraging working as a tree surgeon for three years.
according to Text 1? C. They aimed to impress Michelin-starred
A. Urban foraging is primarily focused on finding cool restaurants with their wild food discoveries.
plants for aesthetic purposes. D. They were motivated by a family tradition of
B. Urban foraging is solely an individual action with no foraging passed down through generations.
broader implications. E. They were influenced by a documentary
C. Urban foraging has no impact on biodiversity highlighting the benefits of foraging for health.
preservation.
D. Urban foraging does not require the consideration 14. What is the relationship between Text 1 and Text 2?
of socially conscious urban planning. A. Both texts discuss the benefits of urban foraging
E. Urban foraging intersects with issues such as for mental health and well-being.
climate change, food security, and social justice. B. Both texts highlight the dangers of climate change
and its impact on global food production.
11. What is the main idea of Text 2? C. Both texts explore the practice of foraging and its
A. Foraging offers benefits and connections to nature connection to environmental awareness and social
in times of stress. issues.
D. Text 1 provides recipes and tips for novice foragers E. Text 1 analyzes the economic impact of foraging on
interested in exploring wild foods while Text 2 local communities and markets while Text 2
talks about the implications of urban foraging. highlights the dangers of climate change and its
impact on global food production.

Text 1

The chemical reaction that results in bioluminescence requires two unique chemicals: luciferin and either luciferase or
photoprotein. Luciferin is the compound that actually produces light. In a chemical reaction, luciferin is called the substrate.
The bioluminescent color (yellow in fireflies, greenish in lanternfish) is a result of the arrangement of luciferin molecules.
Some bioluminescent organisms produce (synthesize) luciferin on their own. Dinoflagellates, for instance, bioluminescence
in a bluish-green color. Bioluminescent dinoflagellates are a type of plankton—tiny marine organisms that can sometimes
cause the surface of the ocean to sparkle at night.

Some bioluminescent organisms do not synthesize luciferin. Instead, they absorb it through other organisms, either as food
or in a symbiotic relationship. Some species of midshipman fish, for instance, obtain luciferin through the "seed shrimp"
they consume. Many marine animals, such as squid, house bioluminescent bacteria in their light organs. The bacteria and
squid have a symbiotic relationship. Luciferase is an enzyme. An enzyme is a chemical (called a catalyst) that interacts with
a substrate to affect the rate of a chemical reaction. The interaction of the luciferase with oxidized (oxygen-added) luciferin
creates a byproduct, called oxyluciferin. More importantly, the chemical reaction creates light. Bioluminescent
dinoflagellates produce light using a luciferin-luciferase reaction. The luciferase found in dinoflagellates is related to the
green chemical chlorophyll found in plants.

Bioluminescent dinoflagellate ecosystems are rare, mostly forming in warm-water lagoons with narrow openings to the
open sea. Bioluminescent dinoflagellates gather in these lagoons or bays, and the narrow opening prevents them from
escaping. The whole lagoon can be illuminated at night. Biologists identified a new bioluminescent dinoflagellate
ecosystem in the Humacao Natural Reserve, Puerto Rico, in 2010. Most bioluminescent reactions involve luciferin and
luciferase. Some reactions, however, do not involve an enzyme (luciferase). These reactions involve a chemical called a
photoprotein. Photoproteins combine with luciferins and oxygen, but need another agent, often an ion of the element
calcium, to produce light.

Bioluminescence is not the same thing as fluorescence, however. Florescence does not involve a chemical reaction. In
fluorescence, a stimulating light is absorbed and re-emitted. The fluorescing light is only visible in the presence of the
stimulating light. The ink used in highlighter pens is fluorescent. Phosphorescence is similar to fluorescence, except the
phosphorescent light is able to re-emit light for much longer periods of time. Glow-in-the-dark stickers are phosphorescent.

(Adapted from https://education.nationalgeographic.org)

Text 2

Bioluminescence, or the ability of an organism to create light, is one of nature’s most amazing phenomena, seemingly
drawn more from science fiction than science and natural history. While relatively rare on land, bioluminescence is very
common in the ocean, at least in the pelagic zone (the water column), where 80 percent of the animals that live between
200 and 1,000 meters (656 and 3,280 feet) depth are bioluminescent. Bioluminescence is most common among fish, squid,
and what we call the gelatinous zooplankton – jellyfish, siphonophores, comb jellies, and other animals that are mostly
made of water.

While usually blue in color, because this is the light that travels best through the water, bioluminescence can range from
nearly violet to green-yellow (and very occasionally red). All bioluminescent organisms use a reaction between an enzyme
and a substrate to make light, but different species use different chemicals in the process, suggesting that the ability to
make light may have evolved independently many times.

Deep-ocean environments are almost completely dark; yet light is still important in these environments. Thus,
bioluminescence may provide a survival advantage in the darkness of the deep sea, helping organisms find food, assisting
in reproductive processes, and providing defensive mechanisms … but we don’t really know the main purpose or function
of bioluminescence. In fact, although many marine species are able to produce this “living light,” much about
 bioluminescence remains a mystery. For example, scientists have yet to learn why bioluminescence is common in the ocean
water column but not in freshwater systems or on land or even how bioluminescence evolved.

Thus, bioluminescence is a subject with many more questions than answers.

(Adapted from https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov)

15. What could be an appropriate continuation of Text 1 E. The similarities between bioluminescence and
immediately after the last paragraph? fluorescence in various organisms.
A. A discussion on the evolution of bioluminescent
traits in marine organisms 20. What is the relationship between Text 1 and Text 2?
B. Examples of bioluminescent organisms found in A. Text 1 discusses the physical characteristics of
different oceanic regions bioluminescent organisms, while Text 2 examines
C. Techniques used by researchers to study their evolutionary origins.
bioluminescence in marine ecosystems B. Text 1 provides examples of bioluminescent
D. The exploration of potential biomedical reactions, while Text 2 explores the functions and
applications of bioluminescent compounds purposes of bioluminescence.
E. An analysis of the impact of human activities on C. Text 1 explains the chemical components and
bioluminescent ecosystems mechanisms of bioluminescence, while Text 2
discusses its prevalence and distribution in
16. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a different environments.
component of the chemical reaction related to D. Both texts talk about the diversity of
bioluminescence? bioluminescent organisms and their ecological
A. Luciferin roles.
B. Photoprotein E. Both texts discuss the differences between
C. Chlorophyll bioluminescence, fluorescence, and
D. Luciferase phosphorescence.
E. Oxyluciferin

17. According to Text 2, which of the following is TRUE

about bioluminescence in the ocean?
A. Bioluminescence is most commonly found in
freshwater systems.
B. Bioluminescence is prevalent in the pelagic zone of
the ocean.
C. Bioluminescence primarily occurs in terrestrial
environments.
D. Bioluminescent organisms in the ocean always
emit light in red hues.
E. Bioluminescence in the ocean is primarily
associated with land-based organisms.

18. What is the overall tone of Text 2?

A. Optimistic
B. Humorous
C. Critical
D. Informative
E. Pessimistic

19. What is the main idea of Text 1?

A. Bioluminescence primarily relies on the presence of
luciferase enzymes in marine organisms.
B. The chemical reactions responsible for
bioluminescence involve various compounds and
are prevalent in marine ecosystems.
C. The diverse colors emitted by bioluminescent
organisms in different environments.
D. The rarity of bioluminescent ecosystems is
attributed to the absence of luciferin synthesis in
marine environments.