Unit 1 Review

1. Population totals: the total number of people accounted in the total area (i.e. a country).
Population density: the number of people per square kilometer of the total area.
Population distribution: where the people is live in the total area.

2. Population Density (calculation people/square kilometer.)

3. Canada’s population is distributed unevenly for more than one reason. Mostly because
of uninhabitable land and extreme weather in the northern region. It is much too cold
for comfortable living. Another reason is because of the limited resources in the north
compared to the south. Here south, the Great Lakes are easily accessible.

4. Three types of historic settlement patterns in Canada are linear, dispersed, and nuclear.
Long lots, grid patterns, square patterns. Today, Canada’s rural settlement patterns are
mostly like dispersed historical settlement patterns. This is because rural Canada
includes spaced out acres of farmland.

5. Canada and Australia’s population are similar because their populations are both
unevenly distributed. They both are unevenly distribution is because of uninhabitable
land. In Canada, it’s the extreme cold in the north. In Australia, it’s the dry dessert in the
middle. They are different however because the population in Canada collects around
the southern border and Australia collects around the coasts.

6. Continental drift is the movement of plate tectonics because of the movement of the
mantle under the crust. It is the causes earthquakes because of different plates grinding
against each other. It also causes volcanoes because of the overlap or parting of the
plates that allows the magma from the mantle to push up through the crust.

7. The proof of plate tectonics includes the jigsaw proof, the fossils, and change of
climates.

8. Pangaea was the most recent supercontinent land was all attached to create one
continent before it separated into the ones we know today.

9. The rock cycle starts with igneous rock from hardened magma, then it most likely turns
into metamorphic rock is created by heat and pressure, finally it turns into sedimentary
rock through weathering and erosion.
10. Geologic eras are eras in time where major events occurred. The most recent one is the
Cenozoic era.

11. The effects of glaciation include changing of landforms (valleys and smoothened
mountains).

12. Glaciers are made by compacting snow very tightly over a long period of time. This is a
very slow process as each layer of snow is so thin, and it needs a lot of accumulation to
bridge pieces together.

13. Glaciers are changing today; they are becoming less and less prominent (melting). This is
because of global warming, where the heat on Earth is not expelled as much as it
releases, this causes the ice on our planet to melt.

14. Consequences of melting glaciers include increased warming. Ice and snow reflect the
sun’s heat back into space, but when the glaciers’ sizes are regressing, this leaves more
water on Earth, which absorbs the heat.

15. The landform regions of Canada include the highlands (this refers to the Innuitian
Mountains at the very north of Nunavut and the Western Cordelia at the western side of
BC), the lowlands (making up much of Canada including the south of our province
moving toward the west and even higher up.), and the Canadian Shield (which mostly
takes up Northern Ontario, a lot of south Nunavut, and the north of Quebec). The
highlands are made up of mountains. The lowlands are mostly grasslands and plains but
can also be considered some hill-like regions (like the Appalachians). The Canadian
Shield is uninhabitable because of the dense ground made up of naked rock.
KNOW THIS

16. Climate is the long-term weather pattern of a particular area. It is characterized by two
factors: temperature and precipitation. Factors that affect climate are latitude, ocean
and sea currents, lakes, wind and air masses, elevation, and relief.

17. There are several climate regions of Canada. Those are Arctic, Boreal, West Coast,
Prairie, Mountain and Southeastern.
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18. Soil is formed from minerals gathering with organic material and moisture holding a
bunch of tiny pieces together. Topsoil is the uppermost layer of soil. It is where all plants
reside and where our feet touch the ground. Topsoil is the most nutrient diverse part as
it is exposed to both nutrients from below and new nutrients from external.

19. The vegetation regions of Canada include Tundra, West Coast Forest, Boreal Forest,
Grasslands, Broad-leaved Forest, Mixed Forest, and Cordilleran Vegetation.
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20. Vegetation changes because warmer and more moist places grow the healthiest plants.

21. Climate, soil, and vegetation. Vegetation needs soil for nutrients, soil needs good climate
to stay alive.

22. The greenhouse effect is the trapping of warm air and greenhouse gases in our
atmosphere. This is natural, unless there is an excess amount of production of unhealthy
gases that the atmosphere can’t filter out fast enough.

23. Global warming is the overall warming of our planet. It’s most likely happening because
of human activity. This includes deforestation so much of the polluted air (we also
contribute to) cannot be filtered fast enough.

24. Some effects of global warming are the melting of Artic regions (leading to habitat loss),
extremer weathering cycles, and displacement of people.

25. Some possible solutions for global warming include taxing big corporations that
contribute heavily to carbon emissions and implementing laws to ensure those taxes are
paid.

26. Some problems in dealing with global warming include the fact that if we put more tax
on carbon emissions, big corporations will have to find other ways or more expensive
ways to do something that would’ve been 10x cheaper had there been no tax.

27. Individual actions are mostly ineffective because really, the issue is companies that care
more about making money cheaply than saving our planets. One or two people can’t
change years and years of industrial developments. Ultimately, it’s the government who
can do that and they should be forcing companies to abide.