SLR-GD-1

Seat
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - I) (New) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov - 2022
(BOTANY)
Biology and Diversity of Fungi, Bacteria, Viruses and Lichens
Day & Date: Monday, 13-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 03:00 PM To 06:00 PM
Instructions: i) Q. Nos. 1 and 2 are compulsory
ii) Attempt any three questions from Q. No. 3 to Q. No. 7
iii) Figures to right indicate full marks.
iv) Neat labeled diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.

Q.1 A) Multiple Choice Question: 10

1) Penicillin was discovered by _______.
a) A. F. Blakeslee b) Alexander Flemming
c) Elie Metchnikoff d) Felix Dugardin
2) Usnea is a ______.
a) Filamentous lichen b) Crustose lichen
c) Fruticose lichen d) Foliose lichen
3) Which one of the following is asexual mode of reproduction in yeast?
a) Budding b) Fragmentation
c) Anisogamy d) Oogamy
4) Give the name of smut fungi of the following.
a) Melioa b) Ustilago
c) Puccinia d) Agaricus
5) When bacteria are rod shaped they are called as ______
a) Cocci b) Bacilli
c) Spirila d) Vibirio
6) Free living bacterium capable of fixing nitrogen is ________
a) Rhizobium b) Azotobactor
c) Pseudomonas d) Streptococcus
7) Myxomycota fungi are also called as_______
a) True fungi b) imperfect fungi
c) eumycota d) slime moulds
8) Coprophilous fungi grow on__________
a) Dung b) wood
c) grasses d) leaf litter
9) Give the name of disease caused by Synchytrium endobioticum
a) Wart of potato b) Black arm of potato
c) Little leaf of brinjal d) None of these

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10) The Viruses possess _______ enclosed within protein coat.
a) DNA or RNA b) DNA and RNA
c) DNA d) RNA
B) Fill in the blanks. 06
1) The science of study of Fungi is known as _______.
2) The fungi which grow on dead or decaying organic matter are
called _____.
3) Heterothallism was discovered by _______.
4) Sexual reproduction is absent in the members of the class _______.
5) Gibberellins a growth hormone is isolated from _______.
6) Round shaped bacteria are known as _______.

Q.2 Answer the followings. 16

a) Role of fungi in industry
b) Nitrogen fixing bacteria
c) Virus Ultra structure
d) Salient features of class myxomycetes

Q.3 Answer the followings. 16

a) Describe in brief reproduction in fungi.
b) Describe general characters and ultra structure of bacteria.

Q.4 Answer the followings. 16

a) Give account on Economic importance of viruses.
b) Write brief an account of nutrition and reproduction in Bacteria.

Q.5 Answer the followings. 16

a) Explain various kinds of ascocarp (fruiting body) in Ascomycota.
b) Describe isolation and purification of viruses.

Q.6 Answer the followings. 16

a) Describe the classification of fungi up to order level by Ainsworth’s.
b) Describe in brief distribution and forms of Lichen thalli.

Q.7 Answer the followings. 16

a) What is Mycorrhiza? Describe concepts and types of mycorrhizae.
b) Describe in brief salient features of class Oomycetes and order
perenosporales.

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Seat
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - I) (New) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov - 2022
(BOTANY)
Biology and Diversity of Algae, Bryophytes, and Pteridophytes
Day & Date: Tuesday, 14-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 03:00 PM To 06:00 PM
Instructions: 1) Q. Nos. 1 and 2 are compulsory.
2) Attempt any three questions from Q. No. 3 to Q. No. 7.
3) Figure to right indicate full marks.

Q.1 A) Choose correct alternative. 10

1) Which of the following algal divisions is characterized by possession
of chlorophylls A and B, paramylon as the energy storage material,
and the presence of a pellical instead of a cell wall?
a) Chlorophyta b) Euglenophyta
c) Pyrrophyta d) Chrysophyta
2) Laminarin is an energy storage material characteristic of _______
a) Chlorophyta b) Chrysophyta
c) Phaeophyta d) Pyrrophyta
3) Chlamydomonas and Volvox are similar because ______
a) They are members of the Chlorophyta
b) They both are motile
c) Both a) and b)
d) None of these
4) Characteristics used to place algae into divisions include all of the
following except _______.
a) Form of storage material
b) Flagella number and location
c) Accessor pigments used in photosynthesis
d) All of the above
5) In which of the following groups would you place a plant that produces
spores, lacks seeds and has vascular tissue?
a) Bryophyte b) Algae
c) Pteridophyte d) Gymnosperm
6) In Pteridophytes, the dominant generation is ______
a) Gametophytic b) Haploid
c) Diploid d) Triploid
7) Reduction division in pteridophytes occurs in _______
a) Prothallus is formed b) Gametes are formed
c) Spores are formed d) Sex organs are formed

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8) Prothallus represents ______
a) Sporophytic phase in a fern
b) Gametophytic phase in a fern
c) Sporophytic phase in a gymnosperm
d) Gametophytic phase in a gymnosperm
9) ‘Club moss’ belongs to _______
a) Fungi b) Algae
c) Bryophyta d) Pteridophyta
10) Number of layers in the Tapetum of Polypodium are: _____
a) One b) Two
c) Three d) Four
B) Fill in the blanks OR Write True/False. 06
1. Selaginella belongs to division _______.
2. One or two peripheral layers persist for the nourishment of the
developing spores. These nourishing cells form:______.
3. Phloem is without in ______ pteridophytes.
4. The protostele in which xylem core is star like is called: Actinostlele.
a) True b) False
5. In siphonostele, two cylinders of vascular tissue are present in the
stele he.: Polycyclic
a) True b) False
6. In Xylem in which protoxylem is lying in the middle of Metaxylem is:
Diarch
a) True b) False

Q.2 Answer the followings. 16

A) Comment upon reserve food material in algae.
B) Enlist the characters of phytoplankton.
C) Enlist the salient features of class- Xanthophyceae.
D) Comment up briefly on telome concept.

Q.3 Answer the followings. 16

A) Comment upon:
1) Interrelationship of class Cyanophyceae
2) Phylogeny of class Xanthophyceae
B) Comment upon:
1) Interrelationship of order- Jungermanniales
2) Phylogeny of order- Marchantiales

Q.4 Answer the followings. 16

A) Explain in detail stelar evolution in pteridophytes.
B) Explain in detail current trends of research in Pteridophytes.

Q.5 Answer the followings. 16

A) Comment upon:
1) Interrelationship of class Bacillariophyceae
2) Phylogeny of class Phaeophyceae
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B) Comment upon:
1) Interrelationship of order - Funariales
2) Phylogeny of order - Sphagnales

Q.6 Answer the following. 16

A) Salient features of Bryophytes
B) Salient features of Pteridophytes

Q.7 Answer the following. 16

A) Comment upon:
1) Interrelationship of class Psilopsida
2) Phylogeny of class Sphenopsida
B) Comment upon:
1) Interrelationship of order - Anthocerotales
2) Phylogeny of order - Buxbaumiales

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Set
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - I) (New) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov-2022
(BOTANY)
Plant Ecology
Day & Date: Wednesday, 15-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 03:00 PM To 06:00 PM
Instructions: 1) Q. Nos. 1 and. 2 are compulsory.
2) Attempt any three questions from Q. No. 3 to Q. No. 7
3) Figure to right indicate full marks.

Q.1 A) Choose correct alternative. 10

1) in ozonosphere, the sunlight ionize _____ to ozone by photochemical
dissociation.
a) Nitrogen b) CO2
c) Oxygen d) Argon
2) Rhythmic activity of organism for food, shelter and reproduction is
known as community _____.
a) Periodicity b) Niche
c) Dominant d) Stratification
3) Decrease in fertility of soil at rapid rate due to regular use of chemical
fertilizers will lead to ______ pollution.
a) Water b) Land
c) Air d) Noise
4) _____ is a process of uptake of contaminants by plant roots and
releasing them in gaseous state into the atmosphere.
a) Phytovolatization b) Phytostabilization
c) Phytoextraction d) Rhizofiltration
5) The total number of individual in unit area at a given time is
population _____.
a) Natality b) Mortality
c) Fluctuation d) Density
6) _____ is the abiotic component of ecosystem.
a) Decomposers b) non-green plants
c) Parasites d) Temperature
7) _____ is used to measure the stratospheric ozone from ground.
a) Dobson spectrophotometer b) calorimeter
c) pH meter d) Thermometer
8) _____ is the example of Active Remote sensing.
a) RADAR b) Camera
c) Radiometer d) Spectrometer
9) Which convention is responsible for the framework for conservation
and wise use of Wetlands.
a) Doha b) Paris
c) Stockholm d) Ramsar

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10) _____ is done to see whether a project requires environmental
clearance as per statutory notification
a) Scoping b) Screening
c) impact prediction d) Public hearing
B) Fill in the blanks. 06
1) A sequence of organism that feed on one another, form a _____.
2) Increase or decrease in number of individuals in population is called
as _____.
3) Tiny particles of solid or liquid in air which includes dust and dirt
showing deleterious effect on human health is known as _____.
4) _____ gas is emitted naturally from the wetlands.
5) Outward migration of an individual from population is known as _____.
6) _____ takes place as chemicals transfer from lower trophic levels to
higher trophic levels within a food web, resulting in a higher concentration
in apex predators.

Q.2 Answer the following. 16

a) Define wetland according to Ramsar Convention and give the characteristics
of Mangrove wetland.
b) Give the functions of Biosphere Reserve.
c) Explain qualitative characters of community.
d) Describe Rhizofiltration and Phytoextraction.

Q.3 Answer the following.

a) What is greenhouse effect and add a note on Greenhouse gases. 10
b) What is remote sensing? Explain the different types of Remote sensing. 06

Q.4 Answer the following.

a) Give the characteristics of population. 10
b) Explain the models of succession. 06

Q.5 Answer the following.

a) Give the abiotic and biotic components of marine ecosystem. 10
b) What is pollution and explain the effects of air pollutants on vegetation. 06

Q.6 Answer the following.

a) What is EIA? Explain different phases of EIA. 10
b) Describe the mechanism of Phytostabilization and phytovolatilization. 06

Q.7 Answer the following.

a) What is climate change and give its consequences? 10
b) Explain synthetic characters of plant community. 06

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Set
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - I) (New) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov-2022
(BOTANY)
Taxonomy of Angiosperms
Day & Date: Thursday 16-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 03:00 PM To 06:00 PM
Instructions: 1) Question 1 and 2 Compulsory.
2) Attempt any three from questions from 3 to question no 7.
3) Draw neat and labelled diagrams wherever necessary.
4) Figures to right indicates full marks.

Q.1 A) Choose correct alternative from the following. 10

1) _____ among the following is not an example of family Rutaceae.
a) Aegle marmelos b) Feronia limonia
c) Citrus medica d) Clematis trilobata
2) Conservation of plants within their own habitat is included under ____.
a) Conservation b) In-Situ conservation
c) Ex-Situ conservation d) Tissue culture
3) The species on the verge of becoming extinct is called as _____.
a) Endangered b) Varnuable
c) Rare d) Endemic
4) Presence of three anthers is a distinguishing feature of family _____.
a) Orchidaceae b) Ranunculacea
c) Rosale d) Plumbagenaceae
5) The species which are restricted to particular region are called as _____.
a) Rare b) Endemic
c) Varnuable d) Extinct
6) _____ among the following is one of the primitive character.
a) Zygomorphic flower b) Presence of perianth
c) Numerous anthers d) Gamopetalous nature
7) Holotype is _____
a) Plant material with its description
b) Plant material along with its citation
c) Plant material collected by the author
d) Plant material with flower
8) Presence of labellum is characteristic feature of family _____.
a) Sapotaceae b) Orchidaceae
c) Ranunculaceae d) Poaceae

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9) _____ number of genera are found in family Sapotaceae.
a) 58 b) 70
c) 113 d) 94
10) Inventory of plants in particular region called as ______.
a) Revision b) Flora
c) Monogram d) Dictionary
B) Fill in the blanks. 06
1) Collection of dried plant specimens called as _____.
2) Duplicate copy of holotype called as _____.
3) _____ proposed natural system of classification.
4) Arrangement of leaves on stem called as _______.
5) Verticillaster inflorescence is character of family ______.
6) The type of placentation in which placenta attach towards center called
as ______.

Q.2 Answer the following. 16

a) Natural system of classification
b) Write a note on vegetative characters use for identification of plants
c) Describe types of taxonomy.
d) Write a note on chemotaxonomy.

Q.3 Answer the following. 16

a) Define taxonomy and add a note on aims & principles of taxonomy.
b) Describe Bessays system of classification.

Q.4 Answer the following. 16

a) Write a note on morphological characters of family sapotaceae.
b) Write a note on principles of ICBN.

Q.5 Answer the following. 16

a) Write a note on morphological characters of family orchidaceae.
b) Write a note on typification.

Q.6 Answer the following. 16

a) Describe the process of herbarium preparation.
b) Write a note on floristic diversity in Maharashtra.

Q.7 Answer the following. 16

a) What is biodiversity? Describe ex situ methods of conservation.
b) Describe any four types of classification systems studied by you.

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Seat
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - II) (New) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov-2022
(BOTANY)
Biology and Diversity of Gymnosperms and Paleobotany
Day & Date: Monday, 20-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 11:00 AM To 02:00 PM
Instructions:1) Attempt total Five questions.
2) Q. No. 1 and 2 are compulsory.
3) Attempt any Three questions from Q. No.3 to Q.No.7.
4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 a) Choose the correct answer from given alternative. 10

1) Canada balsam is obtained form _____.
a) Cycas circinalis b) Abies balsamea
c) Zamia basamea d) Balsamina albus
2) Wood of Conifers is _____.
a) Pycnoxylic b) Monoxylic
c) Manoxylic d) Diploxylic
3) In cupressoid pits, pit pores are _____.
a) Vertical
b) Rounded
c) Lense shaped and obliquely placed
d) Horizontal
4) Long form of T. L. S. is_____.
a) Tangential longitudinal section
b) Transverse longitudinal section
c) Transparent longitudinal section
d) Transparent long section
5) Fusiform medullary rays are characterized by the presence of _____.
a) Sclerenchyma b) Resin canal
c) Parenchyma d) Bars of sanio
6) The T. S. of stem of Taxus lacks_____.
a) Tannin cells b) Parenchyamatous cells
c) Resin canals d) Mucilage canals
7) In Vascular bundles of Ephedra, xylem is composed of_____.
a) Only tracheids b) Both tracheids and vessels
c) Only vessels d) Medullary rays
8) In Ginkgo biloba _____and _____ are two different types of branches
of stem.
a) Primary & secondary b) Primary & lateral
c) Young & mature d) Long shoot & dwarf shoot
9) 9Mazocarpon is generic name of _____.
a) Sigillarian cone b) Lepidophyllum
c) Selaginella cone d) Psilophyton cone

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10) Lycopods leaves measures 30 cm long & shows presence of _____
tissue.
a) Epiblema b) Cuticular
c) Transfusion d) Hairy
b) Fill in the blanks- 06
i) Triangular portions in the leaf cushion is _____.
ii) The first account of Psilophytales was given by _____.
iii) Leaf cushion arrangement of stem of Sigillaria appears to be _____.
iv) _____ is a stem genus.
v) Coniferales have _____ type of stem
vi) Arucarian pitting is seen in _____.

Q.2 Answer the following. 16

a) What is compression?
b) Describe Rhynia, minor.
c) Describe Lepedocorpon.
d) What are Coralloid roots?

Q.3 Answer the following. 16

a) Explain Glossopteris flora.
b) Explain salient features and phylogeny of Cycadales.

Q.4 Answer the following. 16

a) Discuss salient feature and affinities of Taxales.
b) Write briefly about the Paleaobotanical techniques for Petrification.

Q.5 Answer the following. 16

a) Give economic importance of Gymnosperms.
b) Give important features of Psilophytales.

Q.6 Answer the following. 16

a) Salient features of Pteridospermales.
b) Describe recent trends in classification of Gymnosperm.

Q.7 Answer the following. 16

a) Describe in brief Benettitales.
b) Describe diversity of Gymnosperm with respect to Reproduction.

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Seat
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - II) (New) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov - 2022
(BOTANY)
Tools & Techniques in Botany
Day & Date: Tuesday, 21-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 11:00 AM To 02:00 PM
Instructions:1) Q. no. 1 & Q. No. 2 are compulsory.
2) Attempt any three questions from Q. No 3 To 7.
3) Figures to the Right Indicate Full Marks.

Q.1 a) Choose correct Alternative. 10

1) _____ is used for preservation of root tips.
a) Alcohol b) Acetoalcohol
c) Cotton blue d) chloroform
2) _____ is the third step in herbarium preparation.
a) Pressing b) Poisioning
c) Collection d) Pasting
3) Centrifugation is dependent upon _____.
a) Density of partical b) Volume
c) Both a & b d) Colour
4) Horizontal electrophoresis is used for _____.
a) Detection of DNA b) Detection Of RNA
c) Detection of proteins d) Detection of enzymes
5) _____ gas is commonly used in affinity chromatography
a) He b) N2
c) H d) All
6) In centrifugation _____ forces acts on solvent.
a) Centripetal b) Centrifugal
c) Gravitational d) All the above
7) The stable phase in chromatography is called as _____.
a) Phase b) Stationary phase
c) Mobile phase d) Reducing phase
8) _____ is used for detection of DNA.
a) Bromophenol blue b) Alcohol
c) MnSO4 d) Tris HCL
9) In ion exchange chromatography separation is based on _____.
a) Density b) Charge on molecule
c) Volume d) Colour Intensity
10) _____ is used to detect the radiations
a) Dosimeter b) Calorimeter
c) HPCL d) Refractometer

b) Fill in the blanks- 06

i) HPLC stands for _____.
ii) Object scanning takes place by using _____ microscope.

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iii) Formula for centrifugation _____.
iv) _____ size of herbarium sheet.
v) Type of centrifuge used to separate blood & plasma is _____.
vi) Liquid phase in chromatography is called as _____.

Q.2 Answer the following: 16

a) Describe Scanning electron micrography.
b) Steps in herbarium preparation
c) Radioactivity
d) Applications of Affinity chromatography

Q.3 Answer the following: 16

a) Describe the principle, working & applications of gel electrophoresis.
b) Describe ultracentrifuge.

Q.4 Answer the following: 16

a) Describe the principle, working & applications of gas chromatography.
b) Describe electron micrography.

Q.5 Answer the following: 16

a) Describe the principle, working & applications NMR.
b) Write a note on fixatives & permanent preparations.

Q.6 Answer the following: 16

a) Write a note on NCBI.
b) Give working & applications of electron micrography

Q.7 Answer the following: 16

a) Describe Flame spectrophotometry.
b) Describe principle, working & applications of Affinity chromatography.

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Seat
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - II) (New) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov - 2022
(BOTANY)
Cell and Molecular Biology
Day & Date: Wednesday, 22-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 11:00 AM To 02:00 PM
Instructions:1) Attempt total five questions.
2) Q. No. 1 and 2 are compulsory.
3) Attempt any three questions from Question No. 3 to 7.
4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 a) Rewrite the sentences by choosing correct answer from given 10

alternative
1) Gorter and Grendel proposed _____ lipid model of Plasma membrane
a) monomolecular b) Bimolecular
c) tetramolecular d) Trimolecular
2) Mitochondria and chloroplasts share several common features, for
example
a) Neither are components of the nucleus
b) each contains small Circular molecule of DNA
c) both organelle are capable synthesizes some of its own protein
d) all of the above
3) Microtubules are made up of
a) flagellin b) desmin
c) tubulin d) actin and myosin
4) In semi conservative replication newly synthesized DNA strand
consists _____
a) Two new strands b) One new strand
c) Two old strands d) One old and one new strand
5) Mitochondrial DNA replication starts with formation of _____.
a) D loop b) R loop
c) S phase d) None of the above
6) Proteins attached at the polar surface of the lipid molecules are known
as _____.
a) integral b) peripheral
c) intrinsic d) endodermal
7) Ligase enzyme performs _____
a) Synthesis of mRNA b) Synthesis of DNA
c) Synthesis of RNA primer d) Joining breaks in DNA
8) SOS is a _____ mechanism.
a) RNA transcription b) DNA replication
c) DNA damage d) DNA repair
9) _____ are present in the core histones.
a) H2A b) H2B
c) H3 d) All of these

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10) _____ is a stop codon.
a) AUG b) UCA
c) UCU d) UGA
b) Write true or false 06
i) Methionine is coded by AUG codon.
ii) Mitochondria and chloroplast are semi autonomous organelles.
iii) Genetic code shows ambiguous property.
iv) Transcription is the transfer of genetic information from DNA to mRNA.
v) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum having ribosomes attached with its
membranes.
vi) Phospholipids in plasma membrane are amphipathic in nature.

Q.2 Answer the following: 16

a) Write a note on Cyclin and CDKs.
b) Write a note on ultrastructure of chloroplast.
c) Write a note on Histone proteins.
d) GISH

Q.3 Answer the following: 16

a) Explain different models of plasma membrane.
b) Describe in detail structure and functions of ER.

Q.4 Answer the following: 16

a) Give an account on confocal microscopy.
b) Describe different types of pumps present on membrane.

Q.5 Answer the following: 16

a) What is apoptosis? Describe the role of caspases and P53 in apoptosis.
b) Describe in detail contribution of Nirenberg and Khorana in genetic code.

Q.6 Answer the following: 16

a) Describe in brief ultrastructure and genome organization in mitochondria.
b) Describe in brief structure and role of microtubules and microfilaments.

Q.7 Answer the following: 16

a) Describe in detail mechanism of DNA damage and DNA repair.
b) Describe in brief chemical composition and functions of plasma membrane.

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Seat
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - III) (New) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov-2022
(BOTANY)
Plant Embryology and Palynology
Day & Date: Monday, 13-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 11:00 AM To 02:00 PM
Instructions: 1) Question 1 and 2 are compulsory.
2) Attempt any three from questions from 3 to question no 7.
3) Draw neat and labelled diagrams wherever necessary.
4) Figures to right indicates full marks.

Q.1 A) Choose correct alternative from the following. 10

1) Sticky secretion of stigma shows presence of ______.
a) Protein b) Sugar
c) Vitamins d) All the above
2) ______ layer of anther wall helps to release the pollens.
a) Epidermis b) Endothecium
c) Tapetum d) Middle layer
3) Development of more than one embryo is called as ______.
a) Apomixsis b) Polyembryony
c) Pesudoembryony d) Vegetative propagation
4) Generative cell gives rise to ______.
a) Antipodal cell b) Male gamete
c) Egg d) Synergids
5) Dyad formation is avoided in _____ type of embryosac.
a) Monosporic b) Bisporic
c) Tetrasporic d) Octasporic
6) _____ is diploid in nature.
a) Synergid b) Egg cell
c) Antipodal cell d) Nucellus
7) Type of style found in Hibiscus is ______.
a) Hollow b) Solid
c) Transient d) None
8) Nuclear type of endosperm shows presence of ______ divisions.
a) Transverse b) Nuclear
c) Pericinal d) Anticlinal

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9) Winged pollen grain is characteristic of family _____ in Gymnosperm.
a) Pinaceae b) Cycadaceae
c) Gnetaceae d) Taxaceae
10) Yakovlev proposed classification of polyembryony on the basis of _____.
a) Chemical b) Physical
c) Genetical d) Anatomical
B) Fill in the blanks. 06
1) Term polyembryony was discovered by ______ .
2) Allim type of embryosac is _______ nucleated.
3) Seedless fruits are called as ______.
4) In electron microscopy presence of pores on the surface of pollen
is called as ______.
5) Synergids are made up of ______.
6) If micropyle, chalaza & funicle lie on same axis type of ovule called
as ______.

Q.2 Answer the following. 16

a) Explain branches of palynology.
b) Describe Bisporic embryo with suitable example.
c) Describe ultrastructure of synergids.
d) Enlist types of vegetative reproduction in apomixis.

Q.3 Answer the following. 16

a) What is Polyembryony? Describe types of polyembryony by P. Maheshwari.
b) With two suitable examples, describe monosporic embryosac.

Q.4 Answer the following. 16

a) Typical female gametophyte in Angiosperm
b) Write note on ovary culture.

Q.5 Answer the following. 16

a) Describe in brief path of pollen tube.
b) Any two methods of pollen viability test.

Q.6 Answer the following. 16

a) Describe process of double fertilization in angiosperms.
b) Describe various methods of pollen storage.

Q.7 Answer the following. 16

a) Describe in detail the process of apomixis.
b) Describe process of megasporogenesis in detail.

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Seat
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - III) (New) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov - 2022
(BOTANY)
Cytogenetics and Crop Improvement
Day & Date: Tuesday, 14-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 11:00 AM To 02:00 PM
Instructions: 1) Question 1 and 2 Compulsory.
2) Attempt any three from questions from 3 to question no 7.
3) Draw neat and labelled diagrams wherever necessary.
4) Figures to right indicates full marks.

Q.1 A) Choose correct alternative from the following. 10

1) Grouping of genes together is called as ______.
a) Linkage b) Migration
c) Union d) Grouping
2) Somaclonal variations can be induce by using _____.
a) Mutations b) Addition of genes
c) Deletion of genes d) variations
3) Rec A shows presence of ________.
a) Hydrolysing site for ATP b) Binding site for ATP
c) Both a & b d) Cutting site for ADP
4) Vectors commonly shows presence of ______ sites.
a) Antibiotic resistant sites b) disease resistant sites
c) Reverse sites d) Synthetic sites
5) ______ is the first step of patenting.
a) Registration of name b) Publication
c) Description of procedure d) Description of product
6) Coca cola bottle comes under _____
a) Tread mark b) Tread secret
c) Patent d) Geographical indication
7) Mobile genetic elements are also known as ______
a) Moving elements b) Travelling elements
c) Transposable elements d) Generating elements
8) AFLP technique shows presence of _____ technique first
a) PCR b) RAPD
c) VNTR d) SSR
9) _____ among the following are known as molecular markers.
a) VNTR b) BPR
c) SSPR d) SGR
10) Cosmids shows presence of ____site.
a) nif b) Cos
c) ARS d) ret

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 SLR-GD-12
Q.1 B) Fill in the blanks. 06
1) ______ & _____types of linkage.
2) ______ technique used for cloning of DNA.
3) Restriction endonucleases are isolated from _____.
4) New process can be applied for _____.
5) YEP stands for ______
6) ____ type of restriction endonucleases cut the DNA at specific sites.

Q.2 Answer the following. 16

A) Explain genetic markers.
B) Describe complete linkage.
C) Describe applications of RFLP.
D) Describe role of Rec genes.

Q.3 Answer the following. 16

A) What is Somatic embryogenesis & write a note on its applications?
B) Write properties of good vector.

Q.4 Answer the following. 16

A) Write the process of crossing over.
B) Write note on IPR.

Q.5 Answer the following. 16

A) Describe in brief about Patents.
B) Describe the process & applications of agarose gel electrophoresis.

Q.6 Answer the following. 16

A) Describe genome organization in viruses.
B) Describe role of bioinformatics in life sciences.

Q.7 Answer the following. 16

A) What are molecular markers? describe AFLP with its applications.
B) Describe BLASTA & its applications.

Page 2 of 2
 SLR-GD-13
Seat
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - III) (New) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov-2022
(BOTANY)
Advances in Plant Metaboloism and Biochemistry
Day & Date: Wednesday, 15-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 11:00 AM To 02:00 PM
Instructions: 1) Q.No.1 and Q.No.2 are compulsory.
2) Attempt any three questions from Q.No.3 to Q.No.7.
3) Figure to right indicate full marks.

Q.1 A) Fill in the blanks by choosing correct alternatives given below. 10

1) Conversion of Pyruvic acid to Acetyl Co-A requires ______ as a
cofactor
a) Mg++ b) Fe++
c) Zn ++ d) Cu++
2) Phosphorylation produces only ATP molecules.
a) Cyclic b) Non cyclic
c) Direct d) Indirect
3) _______is the precursor for the formation of aromatic amino acids.
a) Iron b) Serine
c) Glycine d) Erythrose 4 phosphate
4) ______ Calvin cycles needed to form one glucose molecule.
a) One b) Two
c) Four d) Six
5) ______ shows higher rate of respiration
a) Seeds b) Developing seeds
c) Germinating seeds d) Dry seeds
6) Mitochondria are the site of ________
a) Photolysis b) Oxidative phosphorylation
c) Photophosphorylation d) Starch reactions
7) In plants ______ is crucial for biotic and abiotic stress management.
a) Cysteine b) Methionine
c) Glutathione d) Magnesium
8) _____ is the sequence and site of photorespiration.
a) Mitochondria, ribosomes and peroxisomes
b) Chloroplast, peroxisome and mitochondria
c) Chloroplast, mitochondria and chromosomes
d) Mitochondria, peroxisomes and chloroplast
9) Sulphur assimilation in plants occurs in the _______
a) Ribosome b) Mitochondria
c) Chloroplast d) Vacuole
10) _____ is a type of secondary metabolite called a Tropane.
a) Atropine b) Tannin
c) Flavonoids d) Alkaloids

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 SLR-GD-13
B) True or False. 06
1) Isoprene units are synthesized in plants from acetyl COA through
shikkimic acid pathway.
2) In photosynthesis, CO2 is reduced to sugars.
3) Glutathione a common sulphur containing peptide in plants.
4) The first reaction in photorespiration is carboxylation.
5) Ascorbate organic acid acts as an antioxidant in plants.
6) VAM plus preparation contains chlamydospores as an asexual
spores.

Q.2 Answer the following 16

a) Forms of Sulphur in soil and plants
b) Cyclic photophosphorylation
c) Cyanide resistance pathway
d) The role of Malic acid in acid metabolism

Q.3 Answer the following 16

a) What are Photosynthetic pigments? Explain in detail Photosynthetic
pigments in plants.
b) Describe in brief Gluconeogenesis.

Q.4 Answer the following 16

a) Describe the modern concept of electron transport chain in Mitochondria.
b) Explain the VAM and P nutrition.

Q.5 Answer the following 16

a) Biosynthesis of sulphur containing amino acids.
b) Give an account of Biosynthesis of starch and its regulation.

Q.6 Answer the following 16

a) Explain in detail Shikkimic acid pathway.
b) Describe Pentose phosphate pathway.

Q.7 Answer the following 16

a) Write a note on Biosynthesis and role of Glutathione in plants.
b) Write a note on secondary metabolites.

Page 2 of 2
 SLR-GD-14
Seat
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - III) (New) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov-2022
(BOTANY)
Angiosperm Systematics
Day & Date: Wednesday, 15-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 11:00 AM To 02:00 PM
Instructions: 1) Q. Nos. 1 and. 2 are compulsory.
2) Attempt any three questions from Q. No. 3 to Q. No. 7.
3) Figure to right indicate full marks.

Q.1 A) Choose correct alternative (MCQ) 10

1) Carl Linnaeus recognized 24 classes of angiosperm in his _______.
a) Genera Plantarum b) Flora Lapponica
c) Species Plantarum d) Hortus Malbaricus
2) Which of the following is exotic weed?
a) Abutilon indicum b) Combratum indicum
c) Jasminum malbaricum d) Ipomoea cornea
3) _______ is a database in which it indicates the status of names with
symbols instead of complete protologue citation of scientific name.
a) IAPT b) Tropicos
c) BHL d) IPNI
4) Phylogenetic system differs from a natural system in its stress on _____.
a) Anatomical details
b) Physiological traits
c) Morphological traits
d) Origin and evolutionary trends
5) The relative richness of different species in an area is known as ____
a) Alpha index b) Beta index
c) Delta index d) Omega index
6) How closely related individual are situated in nature is known as ____
a) Spatial relationship b) Genetic relationship
c) Tropic relationship d) Phenetic relationship
7) The ending for a name of division has been recommended as _____
a) -phyta b) -ales
c) -aceae d) -inenae
8) The ______ placed as a primitive family is the chief demerit of
Bentham and Hooker system of classification.
a) Piperaceae b) Ranunculaceae
c) Alismataceae d) Araceae
9) The class Monocotyledones include _____number of series in
Bentham and Hooker classification system.
a) 7 b) 8
c) 9 d) 6

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 SLR-GD-14
10) The genus Bruguiera belongs to family ______.
a) Lythraceae b) Rhizophoraceae
c) Avicenniaceae d) Meliaceae
B) Fill in the blanks 06
1) The order personales is placed under the series ______by Bentham
and Hooker.
2) _______ is occurs when the death of the last individual in a species
occurs.
3) ______ is the highest rank considered among the taxonomic hierarchy in
taxonomic literature.
4) An ecological state wherein a species is introduced to a location
where they are restricted to that area is known as _____.
5) Galapagos finches are a good example of _______.
6) Size of standard herbarium sheet is _______.

Q.2 Answer the following 16

a) Explain in brief; ‘systematics a key science’.
b) Write a note on minor categories in hierarchical classification.
c) What is flora? Give the role of floras in teaching and research.
d) Describe any two aquatic plants.

Q.3 Answer the following 16

a) Explain subclass polypetalous as per Bentham Hooker’s system of
classification.
b) Write a note on non-genetic variations.

Q.4 Answer the following 16

a) Explain the Theophrastus systems of classification with its brief outline.
b) Describe various websites which are used in plant taxonomy.

Q.5 Answer the following 16

a) Enumerate the various phytogeographical regions of India with special
emphasis on vegetation occurs.
b) Explain the series Microspearmae.

Q.6 Answer the following 16

a) What is general biological principle? Explain it with suitable example.
b) Give an account on post-Darwinian systems of classification.

Q.7 Answer the following 16

a) Write a note on Botanical survey of India.
b) Explain exploration, Invasion and introduction.

Page 2 of 2
 SLR-GD-18
Seat
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - IV) (New) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov-2022
(BOTANY)
Plant-Tissue Culture and Green House Technology and Hydroponics
Day & Date: Tuesday, 21-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 03:00 PM To 06:00 PM
Instructions: 1) Q. Nos.1 and 2 are compulsory.
2) Attempt any Three questions from Q.No.3 to Q.No.7.
3) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 a) Choose correct answer from given alternatives (MCQ): 10

1) Transfer of a part of old culture to new culture vessel is known as
a) Subculture b) Inoculation
c) Reculture d) None of these
2) Differentiation of callus into plant parts is known as
a) Embryogenesis b) Morphogenesis
c) Embryoid formation d) Totipotency
3) Pollen embryoids were discovered by
a) Konal and Natraja b) Guha and Maheshwari
c) Skoog and Miller d) Helperin and Wetherell
4) Hardening is induced by keeping plantlets under
a) High light intensity and low humidity
b) Low light intensity and low humidity
c) Low light intensity and high humidity
d) High light intensity and high humidity
5) For maximum illumination, the direction of greenhouse should be
a) North to south b) East to West
c) South east to North east d) Both a and b
6) Tissue culture technique can produce indefinite number of new plants
from a small parental tissue. The economic importance of this
technique is in raising.
a) Variants through picking up somaclonal variation
b) Genetically uniform population of an elite species
c) Homozygous diploid plants
d) Development of new species
7) Rock wool is the most probably widely used medium in hydroponics,
which is obtained from
a) Fossil remains b) Basalt rock
c) Volcanic rock d) All of these
8) Development of shoot and root in tissue culture is determined by
a) Cytokinin to auxin ratio b) Enzymes
c) Plant nutrients d) Temperature

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 SLR-GD-18
9) Which country has developed advanced hydroponics technology due
to its arid climate
a) Sri Lanka b) UAE
c) USA d) Israel
10) Who discovered that morphogenesis in tissue culture is controlled by
hormones
a) Muir et. al. b) Vasil and Hilderbrandt
c) Skoog and Miller d) Helperin and Wetherell
b) Write True or False. 06
1) Cell suspension culture is agitated at 120 rpm.
2) The concept of cellular totipotency was given by Steward.
3) In greenhouse , the heat treatment is given to soil to remove used
seeds at the temperature.) 60 °C.
4) In direct androgenesis the microspores behaves like zygote and form
plantlet.
5) Their are five pathways of pollen development in anther culture.
6) PEG means polyethylene glycol.

Q.2 Answer the following. 16

1) Embryo rescue.
2) Haploid plants
3) Significance of greenhouse.
4) Factors influencing morphogenesis.

Q.3 Answer the following. 16

1) Anther culture.
2) Fertilizers in greenhouses

Q.4 Answer the following. 16

a) Describe concept of cellular totipotency.
b) Give an account of cell suspension culture with its significance.

Q.5 Answer the following. 16

a) Factors affecting anther culture
b) Give an account of different culture media ingredients and their
significance.

Q.6 Answer the following. 16

a) Write an essay on embryo culture and embryo rescue.
b) Define micropropagation? Describe it in detail by using axillary buds.
Comment on its applications

Q.7 Answer the following. 16

a) Fumigation in plant tissue culture room.
b) Different growth media used in hydroponics.

Page 2 of 2
 SLR-GD-19
Seat
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - IV) (New) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov-2022
(BOTANY)
Environmental Plant Physiology
Day & Date: Wednesday, 22-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 03:00 PM To 06:00 PM
Instructions: 1) Attempt total five questions.
2) Q. Nos.1 and 2 are compulsory.
3) Attempt any three questions from Question No. 3 to 7.
4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
Q.1 a) Rewrite the sentences by Choosing correct answer from given 10
alternatives:
1) Desert ephemerals are an example of _____ type of plants.
a) Drought resistant b) Drought escape
c) Drought tolerant d) Drought sensitive
2) Disease occurs in the plants when the pathogen lacks _____.
a) R genes b) Avr genes
c) DIRI genes d) None of these
3) SOD catalyzes the reduction of ________into hydrogen peroxide.
a) Molecular oxygen b) Singlet oxygen
c) Ozone d) Superoxide
4) Hydroxyl (OH*) ions are harmful because they cause _____.
a) Decrease in chlorophyll content
b) Increase in RNAase
c) Peroxidation of membrane lipids
d) Inactivation of RUBISCO
5) SO2 and NO2 Produce pollution by increasing _____.
a) Alkalinity b) Acidity
c) Neutrality d) Buffer action
6) There is a deficiency of _____ in the waterlogged soils.
a) Oxygen b) CO2
c) Nutrients d) All the above
7) Electrical conductivity of typical saline soil is _____.
a) Less than 4ds b) More than 4ds
c) Equal to zero d) Not measurable
8) Accumulation of _____ phytohormone occurs during water logging.
a) IAA b) Cytokinin
c) Ethylene d) ABA
9) Potassium ions play an important role in _____.
a) Stomatal movements b) Protein synthesis
c) Cell signaling d) None of the above
10) Salt glands are present in halophytes showing _____ Phenomenon.
a) Salt evasion b) Salt tolerant
c) Salt insensitive d) All of these

Page 1 of 2
 SLR-GD-19
b) Write True or False. 06
1) During acclimation, tolerance of a plant against a particular stress is
decreased.
2) Euryhaline halophytes can resist a narrow range of salt
concentrations.
3) Xerophytes and Mesophytes are more prone to water stress.
4) Heat Shock Proteins are produced during high temperature stress.
5) Elastic biological strains are reversible.
6) Jasmonate is biosynthesized from linolenic acid.

Q.2 Answer the following. 16

a) Define stress & strain. Explain types of biological strain.
b) Heat Shock Proteins
c) Effect of salinity stress on plants.
d) Role of Proline in plants during stress.

Q.3 Answer the following. 16

a) Describe in brief chilling injury.
b) Write about antioxidant system in plants.

Q.4 Answer the following. 16

a) Effect of SO2 & NO2 on plant metabolism.
b) Mechanism to overcome water stress.

Q.5 Answer the following. 16

a) Explain in brief heavy metal stress tolerance in plants.
b) Describe in brief Drought resistance mechanism in plants.

Q.6 Answer the following. 16

a) Effect of flood & tolerance mechanism in plants.
b) Describe in brief hypersensitive response.

Q.7 Answer the following. 16

a) Effect of elevated CO2 concentration on plant metabolism.
b) Describe in brief oxidative stress in plants.

Page 2 of 2
 SLR-GD-20
Seat
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - IV) (New) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov-2022
(BOTANY)
Modern Trends in Angiosperm Taxonomy
Day & Date: Wednesday, 22-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 03:00 PM To 06:00 PM
Instructions: 1) Q. Nos.1 & 2 are compulsory.
2) Attempt any three questions from Q.No.3 to Q. No. 7.
3) Figure to right indicate full marks.

Q.1 a) Choose the correct alternatives from following. 10

1) The tetrasporic type of embryo sac is found in _____.
a) Plumbago b) Aster
c) Magnolia d) Acanthus
2) The presence of digestive glands is the characteristics feature of
_____ plant.
a) Magnolia b) Drosera
c) Solanum d) Sesamum
3) In NPC system of pollen aperture the ‘P’ stands for ______.
a) Porate b) Polarity
c) Position d) Both a and b
4) The Triticum aestivum the hexaploidy bread wheat with genome AABBDD
in which the genome ‘A’ is derived from a diploid set of _____.
a) Triticu. monococcum b) Aegilops spectoides
c) Triticum dicoccum d) Aegilops squarossa
5) Sesquiterpene lactones are abundantly found in the _____ family.
a) Clusiaceae b) Palmy
c) Umbeliferae d) Compositae.
6) In numerical taxonomy the _____ involves the preparation of groups of
similar characters in corelated species with the help of software.
a) Measuring resemblance b) Coding of characters
c) Phenons and ranks d) Cluster analysis.
7) Centrospermoid pattern of primary sculpture found in the families like
_____.
a) Portulacaceae and Caryophyllaceae
b) Caryophyllaceae and Apocynaceae
c) Caryophyllaceae and Poaceae
d) Both a and b.
8) In PCR the short, conserved, flanking regions are used as a templet
for the synthesis of multiple complementary copies known as _____.
a) Probes b) Primer
c) Segments d) Fragments

Page 1 of 2
 SLR-GD-20
9) Apoendemics refers to ______.
a) Restricted polyploids which have arisen from widespread diploids.
b) Restricted diploids which have given rise to widespread polyploids.
c) Having given rise to more widespread taxon of same chrosome
number.
d) Restricted to small area may arise by mutation, but may be
disappear after sometime.
10) Red data book contains data of _____.
a) Dangerous species b) Economically important species
c) Endangered species d) All of the above.
b) Fill in the blanks. 04
1) The term Phenotic plasticity is also known as _____.
2) The highest number of chromosomeamong the whole plant group is
recorded in _____ plant which is n=630.
3) RAPD stands for _____.
4) _____ Plant group consists closed, conjoint, collateral types of
vascular bundles.
5) There are ______ sub-categories of endemism.
6) _____ refers to species that has diverged & become reproductively isolated.

Q.2 Answer the following. 16

a) Explain the vegetative anatomical characters which are of taxonomic importance.
b) Write a note on GPS.
c) What is endemism? Describe the types of endemism.
d) Describe in brief systematic position of family Hydatellaceae.

Q.3 Answer the following.

a) What is molecular systematics? Describe various diagnostic tools used in 10
studies of molecular systematics?
b) Explain in brief ‘The Plant List’ website and mention it’s role in taxonomic 06
studies.

Q.4 Answer the following.

a) What is red data book? Explain in brief the categories included in it with 10
example.
b) Explain TEM and add a note on sieve element plastids. 06

Q.5 Answer the following.

a) What is numerical taxonomy? Describe the steps involved in numerical 08
taxonomy.
b) Write a note on various biodiversity awareness programmes involved in 08
conservation of biodiversity.

Q.6 Answer the following.

a) Explain in brief cytotaxonomy. 08
b) White a note on bar coding. 08

Q.7 Answer the following.

a) What is phenotypic plasticity? Explain it with to giving the suitable example. 08
b) Explain serology and give the application of serological data in systematics. 08

Page 2 of 2
 SLR-GD-21
Seat
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - IV) (New) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov - 2022
(BOTANY)
Crop Physiology
Day & Date: Thursday, 23-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 03:00 PM To 06:00 PM
Instructions: 1) Q. No. 1 & Q. No. 2 are compulsory.
2) Attempt any three questions from Q.No.3 to Q. No. 7.
3) Figure to right indicate full marks.

Q.1 a) Choose correct alternative. 10

1) _____ among following macromolecule used in fertilizers for chlorophyll
synthesis.
a) N b) P
c) Cl d) None
2) What is the critical period of DNP Plants?
a) 8 hrs dark period b) 14-16 hrs dark period
c) 8 hrs Light period d) 14-16 hrs light period
3) _____ hormone is present in leaves for flowering in photoperiodism
a) Vernalin b) Phytochrome
c) Florigen d) Phylogen
4) Presence of _____ is important for flowering
a) Stem b) Branch
c) Leaves d) Fruits
5) Chilling treatment to seeds is called as _____.
a) Phytochrome b) Physiology
c) Vernalization d) None
6) The relative yield of plant increases when _____.
a) Pr
b) Pfr
c) Simultaneous exposure of Pr & Pfr
d) None
7) _____ are the basic forms of fertilizers.
a) Granule b) Powder
c) Liquid d) All the above
8) _____ among the following is nitrogen fertilizer.
a) Sodium nitrate b) Ammonium sulphate
c) Both a & b d) none
9) _____ amount of iron is required for plant growth.
a) 0.5-5mg b) 10-20mg
c) 30-40mg d) 50mg
10) The agent which kills unwanted weed is called as _____.
a) weedicide b) Herbicide
c) Both a & b d) None

Page 1 of 2
 SLR-GD-21
b) Fill in the blanks 06
1) _____ hormone enhances flowering in plants.
2) The plants which require maximum light period for growth are called
as _____.
3) The herbicides which are effective against large number of weeds are
called as _____.
4) _____ hormone is responsible for flowering in vernalization.
5) Manganese sulphate is a type of _____ fertilizer.
6) Macronutrients fused with special type of glass is called as _____.

Q.2 Answer the following. 16

a) Write a note on photoperiodism.
b) Describe vernalization.
c) Write a note on Crop growth analysis.
d) Mineral nutrition of groundnut

Q.3 Answer the following.

a) Write a note on BARC. 08
b) Write a note on fruit physiology of Pomegranate. 08

Q.4 Answer the following.

a) Write a note on Phloem transport. 08
b) Write a note on weedicides. 08

Q.5 Answer the following.

a) Write a note on Biological fertilizers. 08
b) Write a note on organic farming. 08

Q.6 Answer the following.

a) Write a note on antitranspirants. 08
b) Write a note on foliar applications of fertilizers. 08

Q.7 Answer the following.

a) Physiology of Jowar. 08
b) Write a note on ICRISAT. 08

Page 2 of 2
 SLR-GD-22
Seat
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - IV) (New) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov - 2022
(BOTANY)
Industrial Botany
Day & Date: Thursday, 23-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 03:00 PM To 06:00 PM
Instructions: 1) Q. Nos. 1 & 2 are compulsory.
2) Attempt any three questions from Q.No.3 to Q. No. 7.
3) Figure to right indicate full marks.

Q.1 a) Choose correct alternative. 10

1) Agar is obtained from the algal species of _____.
a) Chondrus b) Gigartina
c) Gelidium d) Laminaria
2) Carrageenan is used as a _____.
a) emulsifier b) solidifying agent
c) binder d) emulsifier & binder
3) Which of the following is used as a biocontrol agent against
caterpillars of butterflies?
a) Trichoderma b) Streptococcus
c) Bacillus thuringinesis d) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4) A biocontrol agent against plant diseases _____.
a) Trichoderma b) Glomus
c) Bacillus thuringinesis d) Baculovirus
5) The term Black gold is used for _____.
a) Coal b) Graphite
c) Petroleum d) Carbon
6) Energy resources derived from natural organic materials are called _____.
a) Geothermal energy b) Fossil fuels
c) Biomass d) Any of the above
7) Production of bio-ethanol is through fermentation of _____ & starch
components.
a) Alcohol b) Sugar
c) Milk d) Acid
8) Which of the following is fermentation process?
a) Batch process b) Continuous process
c) Both a & b d) Fed-batch process
9) Who should be involved in preparing a firm’s business plan?
a) Accountant b) Engineer
c) Entrepreneur d) Manager
10) Management is _____ in order to create a surplus.
a) an art b) a science
c) both a & b d) a technique

Page 1 of 2
 SLR-GD-22
b) Rewrite the sentence & state True or False. 06
1) Agar-agar is produced from Gracilaria.
2) CNG is more polluting fuel than petrol.
3) Fossil fuels can be made in the laboratory.
4) Entrepreneurship Development Program is helpful for First- generation
entrepreneurs.
5) Net profit is calculated in profit & loss account.
6) Marketing is an activity that considers only the needs of society as a
whole.

Q.2 Answer the following. 16

a) What is the difference between business and profession?
b) Give the distribution of economically important algae in India.
c) Explain the method of spirulina mass cultivation.
d) What are the characteristics of entrepreneur?

Q.3 Answer the following.

a) Explain the formation of bio-ethanol from sugar and cellulose. 10
b) What are the properties and uses of lipid biofuel? 06

Q.4 Answer the following.

a) Define biopesticide and Add a note on bacterial biopesticide (Bacillus 08
thuringinesis).
b) Explain the concept of fungal biopesticide. 08

Q.5 Answer the following.

a) Explain the formation of bio-ethanol from starch & lignocelluloses. 08
b) What is difference between SI engine &.CI engines? 08

Q.6 Answer the following.

a) Explain Fed- batch fermentation and continuous fermentation process. 08
b) What is the Difference between entrepreneur and a Manager? 08

Q.7 Answer the following.

a) Give the sources and methods of production of citric acid. 08
b) Define management and add a note on its characteristic. 08

Page 2 of 2
 SLR-GD-24
Seat
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - IV) (Old) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov-2022
(BOTANY)
Phytogeography and Conservation Biology
Day & Date: Monday, 20-02-2022 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 03:00 PM To 06:00 PM
Instructions:1) Q. no. 1 & Q. No. 2 are compulsory.
2) Attempt any three questions from Q. No. 3 To 7.
3) Figures to the right indicate Full Marks.

Q.1 a) Choose correct Alternative. 10

1) Conservation of plants within their own habitat is called as_____
a) Continuous distribution b) In situ conservation
c) Rare d) Ex situ conservation
2) The plants which are restricted to particular area are called as _____.
a) Rare b) Endemic
c) Special d) None
3) Phytogeography is the study of _____.
a) Plants & animals
b) Study of plants & animals according to their environment
c) Study of plant & animals with respect to time & space
d) Study of plant & animal diversity
4) Phytogeography is divided in to _____ types.
a) Continuous & discontinuous
b) Variable & non variable
c) Descriptive & interpretative
d) Floristic & non floristic
5) The place where RET plants are found called as _____
a) Land b) Hot spots
c) Vegetative land d) Regions
6) Distribution of plant species in to different parts of the world is called
as _____.
a) Geography
b) Descriptive geography
c) Descriptive phytogeography
d) Interpretative phytogeography
7) _____ among the following is an example of endemic distribution.
a) Ginkgo biloba b) Metasequoid
c) Sequoia d) All the above
8) _____ is the dominant family in flora of sunderban.
a) Rubiaceae b) Leguminosae
c) Euphorbiaceae d) Liliaceae
9) The plant species which are survivors of geological past are called
as _____
a) Endemic b) Relic endemic
c) Paleo endemic d) Neo endemic

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 SLR-GD-24
10) If plants are large in a phytogeographic area, age of the plant is high it
comes under-
a) Age b) Area
c) Age & Area hypothesis d) Distribution hypothesis
b) Fill in the blanks- 06
i) Western Himalaya represents dominance of _____ family
ii) Conservation of plants out of their habitat is called as _____
iii) Seed are conserved by the method called as ______
iv) Distribution of plants due to shifting of continent is called as _____
v) Afforestration means _____
vi) In region in the wild life sanctuaries where human influence was
restricted is called as _____.

Q.2 Answer the following: 16

a) Phytogeographical regions of India according to Chatterjee
b) Describe age & area hypothesis.
c) Botanical garden
d) NBPGR

Q.3 Answer the following: 16

a) Describe in detail in situ conservation.
b) Western Ghat vegetation

Q.4 Answer the following: 16

a) Flora of eastern Himalaya
b) Gene banking

Q.5 Answer the following: 16

a) Write a note on endemism
b) Flora of Sundarban

Q.6 Answer the following: 16

a) Flora of western Himalaya
b) Mangrove vegetation of India

Q.7 Answer the following: 16

a) Biotechnological method of conservation
b) What are hotspots & describe the RET plants

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 SLR-GD-25
Seat
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - IV) (Old) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov-2022
(BOTANY)
Plant-Tissue Culture and Green House Technology and Hydroponics
Day & Date: Tuesday, 21-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 03:00 PM To 06:00 PM
Instructions: 1) Q. Nos.1 and 2 are compulsory.
2) Attempt any Three questions from Q.No.3 to Q.No.7.
3) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 a) Choose correct answer from given alternatives (MCQ): 10

1) Transfer of a part of old culture to new culture vessel is known as
a) Subculture b) Inoculation
c) Reculture d) None of these
2) Differentiation of callus into plant parts is known as
a) Embryogenesis b) Morphogenesis
c) Embryoid formation d) Totipotency
3) Pollen embryoids were discovered by
a) Konal and Natraja b) Guha and Maheshwari
c) Skoog and Miller d) Helperin and Wetherell
4) Hardening is induced by keeping plantlets under
a) High light intensity and low humidity
b) Low light intensity and low humidity
c) Low light intensity and high humidity
d) High light intensity and high humidity
5) For maximum illumination, the direction of greenhouse should be
a) North to south b) East to West
c) South east to North east d) Both a and b
6) Tissue culture technique can produce indefinite number of new plants
from a small parental tissue. The economic importance of this
technique is in raising.
a) Variants through picking up somaclonal variation
b) Genetically uniform population of an elite species
c) Homozygous diploid plants
d) Development of new species
7) Rock wool is the most probably widely used medium in hydroponics,
which is obtained from
a) Fossil remains b) Basalt rock
c) Volcanic rock d) All of these
8) Development of shoot and root in tissue culture is determined by
a) Cytokinin to auxin ratio b) Enzymes
c) Plant nutrients d) Temperature

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 SLR-GD-25
9) Which country has developed advanced hydroponics technology due
to its arid climate
a) Sri Lanka b) UAE
c) USA d) Israel
10) Who discovered that morphogenesis in tissue culture is controlled by
hormones
a) Muir et. al. b) Vasil and Hilderbrandt
c) Skoog and Miller d) Helperin and Wetherell
b) Write True or False. 06
1) Cell suspension culture is agitated at 120 rpm.
2) The concept of cellular totipotency was given by Steward.
3) In greenhouse , the heat treatment is given to soil to remove used
seeds at the temperature.) 60 °C.
4) In direct androgenesis the microspores behaves like zygote and form
plantlet.
5) Their are five pathways of pollen development in anther culture.
6) PEG means polyethylene glycol.

Q.2 Answer the following. 16

1) Embryo rescue.
2) Haploid plants
3) Significance of greenhouse.
4) Factors influencing morphogenesis.

Q.3 Answer the following. 16

1) Anther culture.
2) Fertilizers in greenhouses

Q.4 Answer the following. 16

a) Describe concept of cellular totipotency.
b) Give an account of cell suspension culture with its significance.

Q.5 Answer the following. 16

a) Factors affecting anther culture
b) Give an account of different culture media ingredients and their
significance.

Q.6 Answer the following. 16

a) Write an essay on embryo culture and embryo rescue.
b) Define micropropagation? Describe it in detail by using axillary buds.
Comment on its applications

Q.7 Answer the following. 16

a) Fumigation in plant tissue culture room.
b) Different growth media used in hydroponics.

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 SLR-GD-26
Seat
No. Set P
M.Sc. (Semester - IV) (Old) (CBCS) Examination: Oct/Nov-2022
(BOTANY)
Environmental Plant Physiology
Day & Date: Wednesday, 22-02-2023 Max. Marks: 80
Time: 03:00 PM To 06:00 PM
Instructions: 1) Attempt total five questions.
2) Q. Nos.1 and 2 are compulsory.
3) Attempt any three questions from Question No. 3 to 7.
4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
Q.1 a) Rewrite the sentences by Choosing correct answer from given 10
alternatives:
1) Desert ephemerals are an example of _____ type of plants.
a) Drought resistant b) Drought escape
c) Drought tolerant d) Drought sensitive
2) Disease occurs in the plants when the pathogen lacks _____.
a) R genes b) Avr genes
c) DIRI genes d) None of these
3) SOD catalyzes the reduction of ________into hydrogen peroxide.
a) Molecular oxygen b) Singlet oxygen
c) Ozone d) Superoxide
4) Hydroxyl (OH*) ions are harmful because they cause _____.
a) Decrease in chlorophyll content
b) Increase in RNAase
c) Peroxidation of membrane lipids
d) Inactivation of RUBISCO
5) SO2 and NO2 Produce pollution by increasing _____.
a) Alkalinity b) Acidity
c) Neutrality d) Buffer action
6) There is a deficiency of _____ in the waterlogged soils.
a) Oxygen b) CO2
c) Nutrients d) All the above
7) Electrical conductivity of typical saline soil is _____.
a) Less than 4ds b) More than 4ds
c) Equal to zero d) Not measurable
8) Accumulation of _____ phytohormone occurs during water logging.
a) IAA b) Cytokinin
c) Ethylene d) ABA
9) Potassium ions play an important role in _____.
a) Stomatal movements b) Protein synthesis
c) Cell signaling d) None of the above
10) Salt glands are present in halophytes showing _____ Phenomenon.
a) Salt evasion b) Salt tolerant
c) Salt insensitive d) All of these

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 SLR-GD-26
b) Write True or False. 06
1) During acclimation, tolerance of a plant against a particular stress is
decreased.
2) Euryhaline halophytes can resist a narrow range of salt
concentrations.
3) Xerophytes and Mesophytes are more prone to water stress.
4) Heat Shock Proteins are produced during high temperature stress.
5) Elastic biological strains are reversible.
6) Jasmonate is biosynthesized from linolenic acid.

Q.2 Answer the following. 16

a) Define stress & strain. Explain types of biological strain.
b) Heat Shock Proteins
c) Effect of salinity stress on plants.
d) Role of Proline in plants during stress.

Q.3 Answer the following. 16

a) Describe in brief chilling injury.
b) Write about antioxidant system in plants.

Q.4 Answer the following. 16

a) Effect of SO2 & NO2 on plant metabolism.
b) Mechanism to overcome water stress.

Q.5 Answer the following. 16

a) Explain in brief heavy metal stress tolerance in plants.
b) Describe in brief Drought resistance mechanism in plants.

Q.6 Answer the following. 16

a) Effect of flood & tolerance mechanism in plants.
b) Describe in brief hypersensitive response.

Q.7 Answer the following. 16

a) Effect of elevated CO2 concentration on plant metabolism.
b) Describe in brief oxidative stress in plants.

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