Unit 7

21. _______ trees around the house on the south and west sides, they can save up to about $250 a year on
cooling and heating.
A. To plant B. To have planted C. Having planted D. Being planted
22. We admired the Japanese _______ the city of Fukushima after the disaster.
A. to rebuild B. of having rebuilt C. to being rebuilt D. for having rebuilt
23. They don't forget _______ a short vacation in Cuc Phuong National Park last year.
A. to spend B. having spent C. being spent D. having been spent
24. ___________ only three hours, I can hardly focus on my work.
A. Having slept B. was slept C. slept D. sleeping
25. ___________ this movie last week, I still wanted to see it again.
A. Having seen B. Had seen C. Was seen D. Seeing
26.Tom was accused ___________ some top secret document.
A. to steal B. of having stolen C. for stealing D. to have stolen
27. But after ___________ it over, I decided to laugh at myself and just join anyway.
A. having thought B. I have thought C. thought D. to have thought
28. Even when arrested, he denied _________ cut down that tree.
A. has B. having C. have D. have had
29. I remembered having _________ off the lights after learning before leaving home.
A. switched B. switch C. switching D. switches
30. The public praised the local farmers for_________ millions of trees on the surrounding hills.
A. plant B. being planted C. being planting D. having planted
31. But after __________ it over, I decided to laugh at myself and just join anyway.
A. having thought B. I have thought C. thought D. to have thought
32. Mary said, “I regret ________ him earlier in my life.”
A. To meet B. not having met C. to have met D. at meeting
33. __________ from the horseback, he was taken to hospital and had an operation.
 A. When falling B. As he was fallen C. After having fallen D. To fall
34. ________, he went into his office to fill in the daily time sheet .
A. Before leaving B. Before he had left C. Before having left D. When he’s leaving
35. She often thinks carefully ________any questions.
A. before answering B. before having answered
C. by answering D. having answering.
36. __________ from the horseback, he was taken to hospital and had an operation
A. When falling B. As he was fallen C. After having fallen D. To fall
37. They all denied __________her.
A. to see B. of seeing C. having ever seen D. ever having seen
38. But after _______it over, I decided to laugh at myself.
A. having thought B. I have thought C. I thought D. to have thought
39. ______ for twelve hours, I felt marvelous.
A. Having slept B. have slept C. Having been slept D. have been slept
40. ______ in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights.
A. Having painted B. To have painted
C. Having been painted D. To have been painted
41. The stockbroker denied ______ of the secret business deal.
A. having informed B. to have informed
C. having been informed D. to have been informed
42. She's angry about ______ to the farewell party last night.
A. not having invited B. not to have invited
C. not having been invited D. not to have been invited
43. We decided not to travel, ______ the terrible weather forecast.
A. having heard B. to have heard
C. having been heard D. to have been heard
44. Are you sure you told me about the party? I don't recall _______ about it.
A. having told B. to have told C. having been told D. to have been told
45. ___________ only three hours, I can hardly focus on my work.
A. Having slept B. was slept C. slept D. sleeping

Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences below with the same meaning

1. We switched off the lights before we went to bed.
🡲 Having
2. The boy asked his mother’s permission and then went out to play.
🡲 Before
3. As he had drunk too much, he didn’t drive home himself.
🡲 Having
4. We have done two tests today, so we are exhausted.
🡲 Having
5. She filled the washing machine and switched it on.
🡲 Having
6. She had been to disco the night before and she overslept in the morning.
🡲 Having
7. We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the evening.
🡲 Having
8. She had not slept for two days and therefore she wasn’t able to concentrate.
🡲 Not
9. Since Sarah had not seen him for ages, Sarah didn’t recognize him.
🡲 Not
10. I had not ridden a horse for a long time and I found it very difficult to keep in the saddle.
🡲 Not

Unit 8

1. ______________ my neighbors who rescued me from the fire.

A. It is B. It was C. That is D. This is
2. ______________ me how to play the drum.
A. It was my uncle who taught B. My uncle who taught
 C. It was my uncle taught D. It is my uncle teaching
3. ______________ I bought the golden fish.
A. It was from this shop that B. It was from this shop where
C. It was this shop which D. It was this shop that
4. ______________ gave me that picture book.
A. Mary B. It was Mary whom C. It was Mary who D. It was
Mary whose
5. It was Tom ______________ to help us.
A. comes B. that comes C. to come D. who came
6. ______________ the police had rescued from the fire.
A. The baby B. The baby that C. It was the baby who D. The baby
whom
7. ______________ my parents gave me the fish tank.
A. It was on my birthday when B. It was my birthday on that
C. It was my birthday that D. It was on my birthday that
8. ______________ is very necessary to our life.
A. It is recreation who B. It had been recreation
C. It is recreation says D. It is recreation that
9. It is the event ______________ a lot.
A. has been talked about B. that has been talked about
C. has talked about D. that has talked about
10. ______________ a lot of flowers on her birthday.
A. It was Mary who was given B. Mary that was given
C. It was Mary whom was given D. It was Mary was given
11. He spent his summer vacation in Da Lat.
A. It is in Da Lat that he spent his summer vacation.
B. It was in Da Lat that he spent his summer vacation.
C. It is in Da Lat that he spends his summer vacation.
D. It was in Da Lat where he spends his summer vacation.
12. Candidates all over the world took part in the competition with great enthusiasm.
A. It is great enthusiasm that candidates all over the world took part in the competition.
B. It was great enthusiasm that candidates all over the world took part in the competition.
C. It was with great enthusiasm that candidates all over the world took part in the competition.
D. It is with great enthusiasm which candidates all over the world take part the competition.
13. He gains impressive achievements at the age of 20.
A. It is at the age of 20 that he gains impressive achievements.
B. It was at the age of 20 that he gains impressive achievements.
C. It is at the age of 20 that he gained impressive achievements.
D. It was at the age of 20 that he gained impressive achievements.
14. Mary made a great contribution to her husband's success.
A. It is Mary who made a great contribution to her husband's success.
B. It was Mary who makes a great contribution to her husband's success.
C. It was Mary who made a great contribution for her husband's success.
D. It was Mary who made a great contribution to her husband's success.
 15. Most parents are willing to lend their ear to their children.
A. They are their children that most parents are willing to lend their ear to.
B. It is their children that most parents are willing to lend their ear to.
C. They are their children that most parents are willing to lend their ear.
D. It is their children that most parents are willing to lend their ear.
16. His classmates don't like him because of his poor manner.
A. His classmates have poor manner so they don't like him.
B. It is because of their poor manner that his classmates don't like him.
C. It was because of his poor manner that his classmates disliked him.
D. It is his poor manner that makes him unpopular among his classmates.
17. I found the lost ring in the garden, not anywhere else.
A. It was the ring that I lost in the garden.
B. It was in the garden that I found the lost ring.
C. It was I who found the lost ring in the garden.
D. It was the lost ring that I found in the garden.
18. John didn't buy an ipad, but a new laptop yesterday.
A. It was John who bought a new Ipad yesterday.
B. It was an Ipad that John bought yesterday.
C. It was a new laptop that John bought yesterday.
D. It was yesterday that John bought a new laptop.
19. I have to take the responsibility.
A. It's I am that responsible. B. It is I who am responsible.
C. It is me who am responsible. D. It's that me is responsible.
20. It was her story that made me cry.
A. I was made crying by her story. B. I was made to cry by her story.
C. Her story made me crying. D. Her story made me to cry.

Exercise 6: Rewrite the following sentences after the examples, paying attention to the subject of
the sentence.
Example: The man gave her the book.
🡲 It was the man that/ who gave her the book.
1. The children played football in the garden yesterday afternoon.
🡲 It

2. My sister got a present from her uncle last week.

🡲 It

3. My uncle taught me how to play the guitar.

🡲 It

4. My little brother admires my teacher very much.

🡲 It

5. My mother bought me that beautiful hat some days ago.

 🡲 It

Exercise 8: Rewrite the sentences using cleft sentences focusing on the underlined parts.
Example: She bought him a present at the shop.
→ It was at the shop that she bought him a present.
1. They leant English in that foreign language center.
It

2. My mother bought me a hat in the corner shop a few days ago.

It

3. I took these photographs in the countryside.

It
4. Linda is going to spend her summer vacation in Vietnam.
It

5. Many children like to play in the schoolyard.

It

Unit 9
16. ______________ we got lost driving into the city, we were late for the meeting.
A. Since B. Because of C. However D. For
17. Two of the factories in our small town have closed. ______________, unemployment is high.
A. However B. Because C. So that D.
Furthermore
18. John's favourite show was on. He reach to turned on the TV ______________ he could watch it.
A. because of B. therefore C. so that D. for
19. She bought the book ______________ she had heard it was good.
A. due to B. because C. because of D. so
20. ______________ I heard the telephone ring, I didn't answer it.
A. Because B. Only if C. Even though D. If
21. ______________ the post office was closed, I couldn't mail my package.
A. Therefore B. Because of C. However D. Since
22. ______________ I was dead tired, I walked all the way home.
A. Despite B. Although C. In spite of D. Because
23. Some English words have the same pronunciation ______________ they are spelled differently, for
example, dear and deer.
A. unless B. even though C. since D. only if
24. Ms Moore, the school counselor, had years of experience dealing with student problems
______________, she is sometimes confronted by a problem that she cannot handle by herself.
A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. On the
other hand
25. ______________ excellent art museums, Moscow has a world-famous ballet company.
A. Because of B. In spite of C. Moreover D. In addition
to
26. The restaurant not only serves delicious food but has excellent customer service; ____________, it
offers a cozy ambiance.
A. moreover B. in addition to C. however D. because
27. She missed her flight ____________ a traffic jam on the way to the airport.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
28. The team worked tirelessly day and night. ____________, they completed the project ahead of
schedule.
A. However By contrast C. As a result D. In addition
29. The restaurant on the corner is always crowded with long waiting lines. ____________ the one across
the street is usually empty and quiet.
A. Although B. Despite C. As a consequence D. By
contrast
30. ____________ it was raining heavily, we decided to stay indoors for the entire day.
A. Since B. In addition to C. Because of D. Therefore
31. He promised to be on time; ____________, he arrived late to the meeting.
A. although B. however C. besides D. because
32. ____________ painting, she is also skilled at sketching.
A. In spite of B. Because of C. As a result D. In addition
to
33. I don't really want to go. ____________, it's too late now.
A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D.As
34. Sarah left her umbrella at home. ____________ she got soaked in the rain.
A. Because B. As a consequence C. By contrast D. However
35. The weather was hot and sunny. ____________, we decided to go to the beach.
A. However B. Moreover C. Since D. Therefore
Exercise 6: Complete the sentences with because, because of, or therefore.
1. __________________ it rained, we stayed home.
2 It rained. __________________, we stayed home.
3, We stayed home __________________ the rain.
4. The hurricane was moving directly toward a small coastal town. __________________, all residents
were advised to move inland until it passed.
5. The residents moved inland __________________ the hurricane.
6. __________________ the hurricane was moving directly toward a small coastal town, all residents
were advised to move inland.
7. Lan is afraid of heights. __________________, she will not walk across the glass-bottomed bridge.
8. Diamond can be used to cut grass __________________ it is extremely hard.
9. A camel is an ideal animal for desert areas __________________ it can go completely without water
for eight to ten days.
10. Phong has poor eyesight. __________________, he has to sit in the front row.
Exercise 7: Complete the sentences with although or because.
1. I put on my sunglasses __________________ it was a dark, cloudy day.
2. I put on my sunglasses __________________ the sun was bright.
3. __________________ she has a job, she doesn't make enough money to support her four children.
4. __________________ she has a job, she is able to pay her rent and provide food for her family.
S. Jack is going horseback riding with his friends this afternoon __________________ he's afraid of
horses.
6. Jack is going horseback riding with his friends this afternoon __________________ he enjoys it.
7. I knew that I should get some sleep, but I just couldn't put my book down __________________ I was
really enjoying it.
8. I'm glad that my mother made me take piano lessons when I was a child __________________ I hated
it at the time. Now, I play the piano every day.
9. Nam jumped into the river to rescue the little girl who was drowning __________________ he wasn't a
good swimmer.
10. __________________ the flood damaged the bridge across the river, his family were able to cross the
river __________________ they had a boat.
Exercise 8: Complete the sentences with although or however.
I. Jack ate a large dinner. __________________, he is still hungry.
2. Jack is still hungry __________________ he ate a large dinner.
3. I had a lot of studying to do. __________________, I went to the cinema.
4. I finished al) of my work __________________ I was very sleepy.
S. I had washed my hands. __________________, they still looked dirty.
6. __________________ I had washed my hands, they still looked dirty.
7. Diana didn't know how to swim; __________________, she jumped into the swimming pool.
8. __________________ Diana didn't know how to swim, she jumped into the swimming Pool.
9. Ann's father gave her some good advice. __________________, she didn't follow it.
10. __________________ Ann's father gave her some good advice, she didn't follow it.