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Mr. Manimay Das Mrs. Murchanna Tripathy
Seminar Guide Head of CS/ITDepartment
Date:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this humble opportunity to express my deep sense oI gratitude to my seminar
guide Mr Manimaya Das, who in all respect helped me tangibly Irom the beginning till the
IulIillment oI my seminar .His expert guidance and inspiration brought completion oI the
seminar.
I would like to Mrs Murchhana Tripathy, Head oI Computer Engineering Department,
who gives me this opportunity. I would also like to thank to all my teachers who directly or
indirectly supports me time to time.
Last but not least I would like to express a deep sense oI gratitude Irom the bottom oI
my heart to my parents, without whom it was impossible Ior me to reach at this stage.
Thank you & Regards.
RAKESH CHANDRA PAITAL
Contents
Abstract
1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................
1.0.1 What is a morph? ........................
1.1 History ............................
1.2 About ..............................
1.2.1 Nokia Morph ..........................
1.2.2 NanoTechnology ..........................
1.2.3 Molecular Nanotechnology ....................
2.1 Concepts oI nokia morph ......................
2.2 Applied Technology ........................
2.3 Various Nanotechnologies .......................
2.3.1 Nano-enabled energy .......................
2.3.1.1 Enhanced enabled energy ......................
2.3.1.1.1 Density batteries ........................
2.3.1.1.2 Supercapacitors ........................
2.3.1.1.3 Solar Research ..........................
2.3.1.1.4 NEMS structure ........................
2.3.2 Sensing surIaces ..........................
2.3.2.1 Nanoscale BeneIits .........................
2.3.2.2 Our Research Focus ........................
2.3.3 Stretchable Electronic .........................
2.3.4 Functional Biomaterials .......................
2.3.5 Nanoporous Hybrid Materia l ......................
2.3.6 Device Architecture .........................
3.0 FEATURES & CHARACTERSTICS ........................
3.1 Flexiblity and changing Design .......................
3.2 SelI Cleaning .............................
3.3 Advance power Resources ........................
3.4 Sensing the environment ........................
4.0 WORKING AREA OF NOKIA MORPH .....................
4.1 New trends are evolving .........................
5.0 CONCLUSION ......................................
REFRENCES ...............................
FIGURES INDEX
Name oI Iigure page no
1.1 Nano Flower
1.2 Nano Scince Center
1.3 Nokia research center
2.1 Phone mode snap
2.2 10 nm Anio & Cation
2.3 Solar cell capacitor
2.4 Circuit diagram Ior solar cell
2.5 Sensing surIaces and system
2.6 Nano wires 2.7 ZnO Nanowires
2.8 Biological EIIects
3.1 Various Shapes
3.2 NanoFlower Zoom Snap3.3 Nano Grass
4.1 Various Tasking
4.2 MultiIunctionality
NOKIA MORPH TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT
In business a product could have a shorter liIe iI it can't win the hearts oI people and showcase
new technology, so take the case oI Nokia, who is coming up with the Nokia Morph Ilexible
mobile phone which the company claims include nanotechnology and would immensely
beneIit its end-users. The main beneIit oI Nanotechnology is that its components are Ilexible,
transparent and extremely strong. The company believes this latest technology would be a
distinctive phone by 2015, but a Iew technical glitches remained to be solved, like the use oI
new battery materials etc.
Nokia morph is a joint technology concept, developed by nokia research center (NRC) and
the University oI Cambridge (UK). The morph demonstrate how Iuture mobile device might
be stretchable and Ilexible, allowing the user to transIorm their mibile devices into radically
diIIerent shaped . It demonstrate the ultimately that nanotechnology might be capable oI
delivering: Ilexible material, transparent electrononcs and selI- cleaning surIace.
Nanotechnology enables materials and components that are Ilexible,stretchable, transparent
and remarkably strong. Fibril proteins are woven into three dimensional mesh that reinIorces
thin elastic structures.Using the same principle behind spider silk, this elasticity enables the
device to literally changes shapes and conIigure itselI to adapt to the task at hand.
RAKESH CHANDRA PAITAL
CENTURION INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
The Morph concept
Launched alongside The Museum oI Modern Art 'Design and The Elastic Mind exhibition,
the Morph concept device is a bridge between highly advanced technologies and their
potential beneIits to end-users. This device concept showcases some revolutionary leaps
being explored by Nokia Research Center (NRC) in collaboration with the Cambridge
Nanoscience Centre (United Kingdom) nanoscale technologies that will potentially create a
world oI radically diIIerent devices that open up an entirely new spectrum oI possibilities.
Morph concept technologies might create Iantastic opportunities Ior mobile devices:
Newly-enabled Ilexible and transparent materials blend more seamlessly with the
way we live
Devices become selI-cleaning and selI-preserving
Transparent electronics oIIering an entirely new aesthetic dimension
Built- in solar absorption might charge a device, whilst batteries become smaller,
longer lasting and Iaster to charge
Integrated sensors might allow us to learn more about the environment around us,
empowering us to make better choices
In addition to the advances above, the integrated electronics shown in the Morph concept could
cost less and include more Iunctionality in a much smaller space, even as interIaces are
simpliIied and usability is enhanced. All oI these new capabilities will unleash new
applications and services that will allow us to communicate and interact in unprecedented
ways.
1.1 HISTORY
I remember whe n the Apple iPhone came out. I had a deep sense that there was no way
I`d buy a normal mobile phone ever again. I also started thinking: what comes next? Well it
looks like I`ve Iound the answer over at Nokia HQ. In Iact, iI you are in New York you can go
along and see the Iuture oI mobile phones right now at The Museum oI Modern Art. Nokia
Research Centre and the University oI .3.Cambridge`s Nanoscience Centre have launched
Morph, a joint nanotech concept. This device concept showcases some revolutionary leaps
being explored by Nokia Research Center (NRC) in collaboration with the Cambridge
Nanoscience Centre (United Kingdom) Nanoscale technologies that will potentially create a
world oI radically diIIerent devices that open up an entirely new spectrum oI possibilities.
Invitation to contribute to Museum oI Modern Art (MoMA) in April 2007
Brainstorming in Cambridge in June 2007; Nokia Research Centre, Nokia Design and
University oI Cambridge
First concepts to MoMA in August 2007.
MoMA exhibition in February 2008
1.2 ABOUT
1.2.1 Nokia Morph
Morph is a concept that demonstrates how Iuture mobile devices might be stretchable and
Ilexible, allowing the user to transIorm their mobile device into radically diIIerent shapes. It
demonstrates the ultimate Iunctionality that nanotechnology might be capable oI delivering:
Ilexible materials, transparent electronics and selI-cleaning surIaces.The device, which is made
using nanotechnology, is intended to demonstrate how cell phones in the Iuture could be
stretched and bent into diIIerent shapes, allowing users to 'morph their devices into whatever
shape they want. Want to wear your cell phone as a bracelet? No problem, just bend it around
your wrist.
Even though Morph is still in early development, Nokia believes that certain elements oI the
device could be used in high-end Nokia devices within the next seven years. And as the
technology matures, nanotechnology could eventually be incorporated into Nokia`s entire line
oI products to help lower manuIacturing costs. Nokia Morph is truly an absolutely wonderIul
gadget with Ilexible bending and wearing options and surely the best in the gadgets segment
Irom the house oI Nokia
1.2.2 What is Nanotechnology?
A basic deIinition:Nanotechnology is the engineering oI Iunctional systems at the
molecular scale. This covers both current work and concepts that are more advanced.
In its original sense, 'nanotechnology' reIers to the projected ability to construct items
Irom the bottom up, using techniques and tools being developed today to make complete,
high perIormance products.
Nanotechnology may one day lead to low cost manuIacturing solutions, and oIIers the
possibility oI integrating complex Iunctionality at a low price. Nanotechnology also can be
leveraged to create selI-cleaning surIaces on mobile devices, ultimately reducing corrosion,
wear and improving longevity. Nanostructured surIaces, such as 'NanoIlowers naturally
repel water, dirt, and even Iingerprints utilizing eIIects also seen in natural systems.
Figure 1.1 A Nano Flower
1.2.3 Molecular nanotechnology:
Molecular nanotechnology, sometimes called molecular manuIacturing, describes engineered
nanosystems (nanoscale machines) operating on the molecular scale. Molecular
nanotechnology is especially associated with the molecular assembler, a machine that can
produce a desired structure or device atom-by-atom using the principles oI
mechanosynthesis. ManuIacturing in the context oI productive nanosystems is not related to,
and should be clearly distinguished Irom, the conventional technologies used to manuIacture
nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles.
When the term "nanotechnology" was independently coined and popularized by Eric Drexler
(who at the time was unaware oI an earlier usage by Norio Taniguchi) it reIerred to a Iuture
manuIacturing technology based on molecular machine systems. The premise was that
molecular scale biological analogies oI traditional machine components demonstrated
molecular machines were possible: by the countless examples Iound in biology, it is known
that sophisticated, stochastically optimised biological machines can be produced..
CHAPTER 2
2.1 CONCEPT OF NOKIA MORPH
Morph is a concept that demonstrates how Iuture mobile devices might be stretchable and
Ilexible, allowing the user to transIorm their mobile device into radically diIIerent shapes. It
demonstrates the ultimate Iunctionality that nanotechnology might be capable oI delivering:
Ilexible materials, transparent electronics and selI-cleaning surIaces. An experiment indicating
that positional molecular assembly is possible was perIormed by Ho and Lee at Cornell
University in 1999. They used a scanning Dr. Bob Iannucci, ChieI Technology OIIicer, Nokia,
commented: "Nokia Research Center is looking at ways to reinvent the Iorm and Iunction oI
mobile devices; the Morph concept shows what might be possible".
Figure 2.1 Phone Mode Snap 2.2 APLLIED TECHNOLOGY USED
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanotechnology may one day lead to low cost manuIacturing solutions, and oIIers the
possibility oI integrating complex Iunctionality at a low price. Nanotechnology also can be
leveraged to create selI-cleaning surIaces on mobile devices, ultimately reducing corrosion,
wear and improving longevity. Nanostructured surIaces, such as 'NanoIlowers naturally repel
water, dirt, and even Iingerprints utilizing eIIects also seen in natural systems.
It would also Ieature selI-cleaning to prevent wear and tear based on nanostructures called
Nano Ilowers` which do not absorb liquids or retain Iingerprints. The Nokia Morph phone
would also include a detachable speaker that could clip onto the ear or connect to the phone as
a speaker. In addition, the battery is solar powered with built in selI-charging high density
solar charging modules called Nano grass which are capable oI
recharging Iaster than any other battery solution.
Morph phones would have Nanosensors to inIorm users oI wireless environments and enable
them to make choices on the available wireless networks. The phones would also be able to
analyze the pollution levels oI the environment and monitor the user`s surroundings.
2..3 VARUIOUS NANOTECHNOLOGIES USED
2.3.1 NANO-ENABLED ENERGY
Nanotechnology holds out the possibility that the surIace oI a device will become a natural source oI energy via a
covering oI 'Nanograss structures that harvest solar power. At the same time new high energy density storage
materials allow batteries to become smaller and thinner, while also quicker to recharge and able to endure more
charging cycles.
2.3.1.1 ENHANCED ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE
2.3.1.1.1ENHANCED ENERGY DENSITY BATTERIES
Nanostructured electrodes Ior very low equivalent series R energy sources
New electrolyte solutions (ionic liquids) Ior saIe and high power batteries.
DeIormable and bendable structures.
Figure 2.2 10 nm Anion and Cation Ior battery
2.3.1.1.2 SUPERCAPACITORS
Nanoenhanced dielectrics Ior separator and high power capacitors
Ultra thin Ilexible structures, Ior ultimately distributed energy storage,
and integration with battery structures
2.3.1.1.3 SOLAR CELL RESEARCH
Nanowire solar cells using nanowire networks
Silicon solar cell production Ior emerging markets as primary power
Source
Figure 2.31 Solar Cell Capacitor Architecture
2.3.1.1.3 ENERGY HARVESTING FROM RF USING WIDEBAND
ANTENNAS, AND USING NEMS STRUCTURES
Microwatt level energy harvesting Irom waste` energy in the air
- Charging battery Irom ultra low power energysources, and power
management Ior that
- Harvesting RF energy
llgure 24 ClrculL ulagram for Solar Cell
Figure 2.51 Sensing surIace and Graph
2.3.2 SENSING SURFACES
Nanosensors would empower users to examine the environment around them in completely
new ways, Irom analyzing air pollution, to gaining insight into bio-chemical traces and
processes. New capabilities might be as complex as helping us monitor evolving conditions in
the quality oI our surroundings, or as simple as knowing iI the Iruit we are about to enjoy
should be washed beIore we eat it. Our ability to tune into our environment in these ways can
help us make key decisions that guide our daily actions and ultimately can enhance our health
Characteristics Ior sensor applications
Uniaxial piezoelectric response
Enabler oI novel touch sensor concepts
n-type semiconductor behaviour
Candidate Ior photovo ltaics
Enables various low-cost applications
2.3.2.1 NANOSCALE BENEFITS
The Huge Array oI parallel sensors that can be either independently or
collectively measured
New sensor ssignal processing paradigm
New materials that can be used to improve sensors characterstic
Stability, resolution, reliability & response time.
2.3.2.2 OUR RESEARCH FOCUS
o Nanoresonator based optical sensors
o ZnO nanowire base stain sensors
o New signal process method used Ior nano base computing
2.3.2.3SMART SURFACES HUGE NUMBER OF NANOSENSORS WITH ANALOGUE
INFORMATION PROCESSING BY NANOCOMPUTING, FEEDING PROPERLY PRE
PROCESSED DATA OUT.
2.3.3 STRETCHABLE ELECTRONICS
Target:
Creation oI stretchable devices
Embedded active electronics in elastic structures (sensors, actuators, circuitry)
Ordered nanoscale internal structures Ior controlling the elasticity
A pixellated, integrated system to withstand extreme deIormations
Minimal strain on rigid island platIorms Ior sensitive components
Stretchable electronics structures to allow reconIigurable device Iorm Iactors.
Flexible electronics structures (interconnects, circuits and substrates) that sustain
~10 2D strain
ZnO Nanowires Ior Ilexible tactile arrays
Arrays oI aligned zinc oxide nanowires grown hydrothermally Irom
zinc salt precursor on the surIace oI substrates (at roughly 70 100 oC)
Economical and environmentally- Iriendly
Compatible with polymer substrates
Silicon Nanowires Ior Stretchable Electronics Combining top-down
Iabricatio n via SOI etching using masks made oI nanowires grown by a
bottom- up approach.
Blue Si; Grey SiO2;
Yellow Metal (Ni)
Highly-conducting SiNW networks via nanowire lithography (NWL): A. Colli, A. Fasoli,
S. Pisana, Y. Fu, P. Beecher, W. I. Milne, A. C.
Ferrari, Nano Letters8, 1358 (2008)
Figure 2.61 Nano woires
2.3.4 Functional Biomaterials
There is a big demand Ior biomaterials to assist or replace organ Iunctions and to improve
patients` quality oI liIe. Materials options include metals, ceramics and polymers.
UnIortunately, conventional materials are used that were
not speciIically developed Ior biological applications.Interaction between biomaterials and
natural tissues is an important subject Ior biomaterial science Such inIormation is essential to
aid the design oI new biocompatible biomaterials.
The vision oI ambient intelligence describes a network oI sensors connected to one or more
computing devices. Sensors will be everywhere: in your pocket, in your Iaucet, in your
reIrigerator, at your Iront door, and in your running shoe. The device integrates data Irom
your physical world, deduces patterns, identiIies issues, consults with Internet
Figure 2.10 Biological EIIects
Figure 2.9 Patterned Zno nanowire array Ior tactile sensing U oI C / NRC
services, and responds with intelligenceseeming to anticipate your every needall at
the rapid pace oI your daily liIe.
Computational Medicine and the Individual
Start with inexpensive sensors that can be worn, implanted, or swallowed (as Feynman
suggested in 1959). Marry them with data reduction capabilities that compute trends and
interactions to build a holistic personal medical proIile. Equipped with this inIormation, the
individual`s mobile device can relay the diagnosis to health care resources, dispatching an
ambulance automatically.
2.3.6 Device Architectures
The Nano Devices team collaborates closely with researchers at the University oI Cambridge,
Iocussing on nanoscience research and its application to novel solutions in such diverse areas
as sensing, energy storage/harvesting, novel computing architectures, communications
technology and Iunctional materials. Advances in all these Iields will drive new device
concepts and enable Iuture ambient intelligence and wearable devices. As an example, the
"Morph" design concept jointly developed by the University and NRC Ior the "Design and the
Elastic Mind" exhibition at the New York Museum oI Modern Art suggests how such
nanotechnological developments may impact Iuture mobile device Iorm, Iunction and use.
Connecting the Unconnected
In developing nations, we see more basic (and potentially crucial) applications. The mobile
device`s integrated sensors can monitor levels oI pollutants, bacteria, and other
environmental or health risks and notiIy oIIicials when thresholds are exceeded. Also critical
are point-oI-care diagnostics and patient
monitoring empowering health care providers to deliver on-the-spot treat-
ment, inIormed by global Internet services and medical data banks.
W New signal processing methods/devices
The Nokia N900 is powered by a high-end OMAP 3430 ARM Cortex A8 which is aS y s t e m-
o n- a- chip made by Texas Instruments based on a 65-nanometer CMOS process. The OMAP
3430 is composed oI three microprocessors; the Cortex A8 running at 600 MHz used to run the
OS and applications, theP o w e r V R SGX 530 GPU made by Imagination Technologies
which supports OpenGL ES 2.0 and is capable oI up to 14 MPolys/s and aTMS320C64x, the
digital signal processors, running at 430 MHz used to run the image processing (camera), audio
processing (telephony) and data transmission. The TMS320 C64x main purpose is to oIIload the
Cortex A8 Irom having to process audio and video signal.|29| The system has 256 MB oI
dedicated high perIormance RAM (Mobile DDR
) paired with access to 768 MB swap space managed by the OS.|2| This
provides a total oI 1 GB oI virtual memory
CHAPTER 3
FEATURES AND CHARACTERSTICS
3.1 Flexible & Changing Design
Nanotechnology enables materials and components that are Ilexible, stretchable, transparent
and remarkably strong. Fibril proteins are woven into a three dimensional mesh that reinIorces
thin elastic structures. Using the same principle behind spider silk, this elasticity enables the
device to literally ch ange shapes and conIigure itselI to adapt to the task at hand.
Figure 3.1 Various Shapes oI Nokia Morph
A Iolded design would Iit easily in a pocket and could lend itselI ergonomically to being used
as a traditional handset. An unIolded larger design could display more detailed inIormation,
and incorporate input devices such as keyboards and touch pads.
Even integrated electronics, Irom interconnects to sensors, could share these Ilexible
properties. Further, utilization oI biodegradable materials might make production and
recycling oI devices easier and ecologically Iriendly.
3.2 Self-Cleaning
Nanotechnology also can be leveraged to create selI-cleaning surIaces on mobile devices,
ultimately reducing corrosion, wear and improving longevity. Nanostructured surIaces, such as
'NanoIlowers naturally repel water, dirt, and even Iingerprints utilizing eIIects also seen in
natural systems.
.
Figure 3.2 Nano Ilowers Zoom snap
A nanoIlower, in chemistry, reIers to a compound oI certain elements that results in Iormations
which in microscopic view resemble Ilowers or, in some cases, trees that are called
nanobouquets or nanotrees.|1| These Iormations are nanometers long and thick so they can
only be observed using electron microscopy
NanoIlowers naturally repel water, dirt, and even Iingerprints utilizing eIIects also seen
in natural systems. That is why it is used Ior selI cleaning purpose.
3.3 Sensing The Environment
Nanosensors would empower users to examine the environment around them in
completely new ways, Irom analyzing air pollution, to gaining insight into bio-chemical
traces and processes. New capabilities might be as complex as helping us monitor
evolving conditions in the quality oI our surroundings, or as simple as knowing iI the
Iruit we are about to enjoy should be washed beIore we eat it. Our ability to tune into our
environment in these ways can help us make key decisions that guide our daily actions
and ultimately can enhance our health
Sensing surfaces using piezoelectric nanowire arrays
ZnO exhibits an unusual combination oI properties, including uniaxial piezoelectric response
and n-type semiconductor characteristics. Nokia is exploiting these qualities to achieve
strain-based electromechanical transducersideal Ior touch-sensitive (even direction-
sensitive) surIaces.
CHAPTER 4
WORKING AREA OF NOKIA MORPH
4.1 NEW TRENDS ARE EVOLVING
Flexible, stretchable, thin, transparent conIormal devices - enabled by
nanotechnology
Context aware device: adapts and transIorms its Iunctionality
according to the tasks
Wearable device
Available always and everywhere
New intuitive user interIace
Flexible, compliant and even stretchable structures are
needed.
New power source technologies
Functional coatings
How can we.
. Iabricate and manuIacture innovative mechanical structures that can be both
transparent and compliant despite containing electronic and optical Iunctions?
. create a library oI reliable and durable Iunctional materials that enables a multitude oI
Iunctions on the device surIace, e.g., robust surIaces, EM shielding, dirt/water
repellence, antenna integration, optical eIIects, touch sensors, haptics?
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
According to the developers, using nanotechnology can lead to low cost manuIacturing
solutions as well as adjustable, empowering devices, bringing us new, versatile possibilities.
These mobile devices will be Ilexible, stretchable and shape changing, so that they can be
easily integrated in our everyday routines without special adjustments on our part.
UnIortunately, it might take close to a decade until the elements oI Morph might be available
Ior integration into handheld devices.
Nanosensors would raise the awareness oI mobile devices' users to the environment in a new
way. When air pollution or bio-chemical traces and processes are right beIore our eyes, we will
not be able to ignore them. It will also enhance our natural abilities and ease our daily
decisions even on small matters such as whether or not to wash a certain Iruit beIore eating it.
REFRENCES
-
Cambridge Nanoscience Centre, University oI Cambridge:
www.nanoscience.cam.ac.uk
-
Foresight Nanotech Institute: www.Ioresight.org
-
Institute Ior Nanoelectronics and Computing (INaC):
www.inac.purdue.edu
-
National Nanotechnology Initiative: www.nano.gov
-
Nature Nanotechnology: www.nature.com/nnano/index.html
-
PhysOrg.comNanotechnology: nanotech.physorg.com
-
Nokia Research CenterNanoSciences:
research.nokia.com/projects/nanosciences
-
The Morph concept: www.nokia.com/A4852062
