Unit (1) Nature of life
Chapter (1) the science of biology
?..Section (1) What is science
.Introduce myself to students and students introduce themselves *
.Put class rules *
Write on the board: What is Science? (one answer for each student) *
?What science is and is not *
)Reading second paragraph in page 4(
Is Is Not
Changing facts .Never changing facts
Scientific ideas are opened to Unchanging beliefs
discussion, testing and revision
Do you know that?!! " Science" derives from Latin word "Scientia" that means *
.""Knowledge
.Science is an organized way of learning about natural world *
:Science is a way of knowing *
Organized way of: Gathering data – Analyzing evidence – Thinking – )1(
.Observing – Knowing
.Process not a thing )2(
Not just understand what we know, it also means understand what we don't )3(
.know
.Any scientific discovery raises more questions than answers )4(
!!!!???Much of nature remains mystery. Why )5(
.Because Science never stands still
." Science is "Uncertainty )6(
.Science is the body of knowledge gathered by scientists )7(
?What are the differences between science and other human endeavors *
Science Other human endeavors
Deal only with natural world Supernatural phenomenon
Collect and organize information in Not organized
orderly way
Explanations are based on evidence Just beliefs
:Goals of science *
.Ask students to read the paragraph, and then state the goals of science *
Predict natural Understand nature Provides explanation
events and of nature
To
.Helps us to cure diseases, place satellites in their orbits and improve our food *
:Discussion: Ask the following questions to students **
?How do you know about something )1
?Where does knowledge come from )2
?What does it mean that science is a process )3
Do you think that phrase " A way of knowing " describes science as a method )4
?of learning? Why or why not
:Scientific Methodology ***
?Ask students how would they act if a mobile phone is turned off suddenly *
.Ask students to look at their booklets at (Figure 1-3) showing salt marsh grass *
.Salt marsh: is a coastal environment found often where rivers meet the sea *
Divide students into 5 groups, every group will take a panel, and then discuss *
.every panel with each group
:Steps of methodology **
.Observing and asking questions. (See what others cannot see) )1(
.Inferring and hypothezing )2(
Inferring based on what scientists know leading to explanation of observation
.which is called hypothesis
.Ask students about the difference between observation and inferring *
.Observation: depending on senses
.Inferring: depending on logic
.Hypothesis can be true or false,,, How can we know? Ask students *
.By experiment, we can find if the hypothesis is true or false
:Designing controlled experiments )3(
.Variables: temperature, time, light, amount of nutrients *
.One variable is changed while others are not. Why? Ask students *
.Variables: 1) independent: changed, as nitrogen in marsh grass case *
Dependant: the growth of marsh grass that responds to the )2
.effect of independent variable
Controlled group: exposed to same conditions of experimental group except *
.the independent variable
Experimental group: Exposed to the same conditions + independent variable *
(nitrogen)
:Collecting and analyzing data )4(
.Data: is the gathered information *
:Data is divided into two types *
Quantitative: showing numbers, by counting (as number of plants) or by )1
measuring (as length, width, weight)
Qualitative: Cannot be counted; as strange objects found in plants sample, )2
.growing of plants upright or sideway and color of plants
Ask students to give 3 examples for quantitative and qualitative data by filling *
:the following table
Quantitative Qualitative
?Ask students: How we collect data *
Research tools: Meter sticks – Calculators – Equipments measuring nitrogen in
.plants
?How we analyze data *
.By charts, tables, and graphs
.Discuss with students the graph shown at the end of figure 1-3 *
?Ask students: Sample tested is preferred to be large. Why *
?Conclusion: Ask students what they conclude from the previous experiment )5(
.Nitrogen affects the growth of salt marsh grass *
.Some experiments are not possible,, Why??. Discuss with students *
.Animal behavior in nature )1
.Ethics: testing chemicals on human )2
:Activity *
Show by scientific methodology how the amount of sleep affects the )1
.performance of students in school
?What do you think about the mystery clue of this section )2
Assessment: Page 28 (assessment 1.1) *
