27 19 2o18
p0 avbon onnds
ntu Sale the lwo pes of Compound
Two types of ompounds dre
Ovganf compourdts
) Lnurganfc compounds
Onganfc compounds
Abou 208 ysu back 11 w belfeved thak he
compound d{eclthy or mdecy obtafmed om Ifn
OYqanlams at CAled019an compoundLHower
afte 9ynthe fa organ compourd unea tom an
Ynaganlc COmpoundi h the labortontk, ganfc compounds
art Called as 'carbon compoumdsAtu he compounds
called
contafnfhg cqrbon a a congtfluenf elermen t
Organfc bbmpounds
E Atl Foodstuffs, fuels art ganft compounds
it) Inorgenfc compoundb
Inoanfc Compounds whfch are found In So?l, afr
and oale are called mrgantccomPounds
ECO, mîneals, alls efe
that are hydrocvbons How th lae{Ped
compounds whith conlan Cao00 hydrogen
as
The
The
he only 'fwo elemenls q t alled hydwcabon
HydroCarbons art classftred frto ttoo pa
i)Saturaked hydrecabo
i)Ungafurald hydocarbovs
i)Saturaledhydrocarbons
contalhfg obon arbon stgle
HycbroCarbons
h y d o e a r b o n s
'saturaled hydwcarbo
Saeraked en firal
ger eral f o
called Thetr
bond a Alkanes
called
albo
CnHhnt2
U n s a k u r a k d h y d c a r b o n s
Pch
whih
camb0n
caTbon atoms
atoms
r
n a l l e d i.
cCalled
H y d h o c a r b o v s
bond an
ae
bond or
or tlple
ttple
double
by 2 kypes
hydmcarbon.
are f
Linsakurated
bydnearbtw
contafnkg
n-(anban
Carbon
Hydmcnrbons
gAkenes- -
AleyathHyshrotrbart cota TherRnéra
nHan
Propee Bukene
e
Ethene,
contamug carbon-Corb
HydroCazhoms
6) Alkns are Calle 'Alkycu
hple bond
fornula fg CnHn2
Ther general
:thyne, fropyne Bubne
3Eplafin the tem shuctural 90 merfsm
hephenomenon n whfch compounds havtg
moleculor o
Shuctural fimulae_hove the Sam
fs called 'shuchural fsomerfsm
Ex Bubne epresénted by too d'ffeenL-
m
Ghfckura ormulae whfch hav Sam
fomua
H
H-C C-H
H H H
H
ShroPaht Cham
(n- bufgna)
H
H C-H
H HC-H H
H
BTanched chain
(butane)
AL What Ps coralent bond ? twovdence
The chemfcal bond fomed by gharng delecps
bekueen the t u o atoms is called
tovtlent bond
atomfc number o hydrogen Ts Is
The
cotafns One electnon 'n k shell Thertfor
gtom the
9ues one more eleckspn to complee T o
K ghell dtain the confoturatfon Hium
COrmpleethe k 9hell fuo0 hdmgen
atoms ghare
ther elechons uoî th egch othe
to om
hychogen aaleule Asthge coyedent ?s loamed
atom by Shnqtioo
beoeen tuoo hydmaen
pair) eledbo&
moewe
s elethonfc conft
AtomPc number d OugenPs
hG elecow fn he Oukm
UhatPon fs
requbres tuwoelechmn.
tuuo elecbo
Theefore
Shell the
confPaalfon
L s h e l l a t h Pn
atom ghar yande
s
each OHgen
the anothey
Oxygen atom to gire
gtomto
wt
d elec.ös uo hfch
ahayed pafred Thus
fomatBan d 4acn molecule Thu
Shared be the too oa
paîres a
omi q double bond
Explan helem atOrn n a Carbon Compound (Grey
Cabon compaunds are tommed b fmalfon
honds c S cahon wth_ther elemenis Such
halngens Cxygennftmatn ulphu. The rs
hese elemenls Subsute one or mo
hydmogen atoms Pn he hy drocqrb on chafn
ththy the tharalence carhon 2s 9qHsh
The akon tne_elemenohfch Ps Suskit
hdhogen eitned as hetmgtom gurmeline
hettmatoms at nol alone but exPss fn #t
Qcetam qroups d4 akom
L
&0-H
N-H,nfhoaen s heleroakorm),
These compounds aqufre 9pecfRc Chermica
aproperdPes
due to ihese heloaloms or aroup akorns tat
Contafns heleroatomg. Therefgre thes helkenaoms
the oup d atoms COntdfnng heltoqlorra ore called
funcfonal roup9
6Bxplafn fundfonat g3Oues
fxAlcohol fs a funbnd gmp
I n methane One hydrogtn okom Ys tpd aced by
an DH oup mehyealcghel (CH,OM) ?s krned
The OH Ps knouon alcoholRc uncHona arofP
Eplains Akanes h eample
The Compbunds whfch con fafn con bon 2 hyron On
alled hydrocarbo The hydrocarbons in whi
valand d all he otornt Gore gotfsffed by sngqle
bonds Or
bonds called as saturaked hy dotarbóvg
Sateraled hydrocarbthg e also called as Alkane
Thef genera tomuda Ps nHt 2
&:Melhane- CH4, Ethane-H¢Rropane Ha
butane GHo ec
H C-H H-C C H
H H
H
CH C2c
1nethare) (Ehane)
8 fxplaih Hompolymers ton Siho
epLPLP
fomed
by
a tcalled Homqeolye.
polymes
Hompt
The
&:Folyhylene
A
C H
HH
H
CC
H H
Ctylen Poly ehylere
plan mnomes
A mamm.bleaule amed by regulgr tpeian
Smals uns îs alled poly mer The Smal
that epeals regulary to fom a_polymer
a monDmed
0 Gplan Reduckton
The chemt al eackfon n dhtch
hHdere
gains hy dhgn
oT lobses called
Ougen y
Explan oxfdens
The chemfcal ntactfon h ohth gmeacant,
the podud combin
wth OsuAn Or looses hydrogenfs called
Called
Oxf dalfon eacfon. Thech emcal 8ubstance whfch
bathg abou oxfdatfoneadfon by makfna OA
avatlableare calld Odens tr dxPda agh
:When arbon buns 0xygen Pa af fs an 0xPdent
12 Jht caUGeS he eaistance d esy larR numbe d
Cgrbon o mpounds
Carbon has a unique abal to fom a Sron coalen
bond uw?h other caontoms h s
uts n
he fomafon c bfa molecdes ThPs propety
Cabon fs called catanalton po The ab on
Compounds contan 0pen chah r losed chalnsd
CarbOn adoms An Open chafn can be q sraiaht
chafin Ora branched chafn A clesed chafn fs
ng shructure The covalent bond bstween q
ators two_ Cgbon
ShDna Stable pue to the ghong
Gable codent bonds Cabon hag catenaPon
poLerTuo cab0n atoma Can be bonded
One too 0 theR coralent together by
bonds
sngle bond double bond or hfpleThese ate called
bond Due to
he obtiy
d cabon atoms to kUm
O& Lel Pngle bonds the numbe multipe bas
COmpound în (ieas d_arbon
thane (CHCH Ethent
hyne CH CH ontafrs (CH, CH) nd
tuo CaTbon atom.
SRledycoYdentaonda oPt atoms q, elermentseltmens
l
S,
P,
Halogen
to
ARERE
hnumbe
I ke 0
h_largi
arbon
Compoundu
ebponsPble
o.
chhacferisHfes
onem e cOmpovndi
led
Called au Isomem
Canben
funcfonal rOups Contth
mmups Containfng
faxn and of
13Ghre anyhelavakomin Pand ke Name
ashe mple egch.
txample each.
d_one
shnucturalfomda
GRreGAre he nam ree undfbna groups con tanig
thrte dfrent hekeratoms lok the name
Smctune omuda o one example each
- Halggen4
chloine, bromine,.
Todine)
Heleoatomg Name Shuckural omud
Haloges Hadlo -x (u,&rL
Cnlorihe
Gromfre Iodine)
Ketone One C
9 Aldehyoe (A)
v orbo0afe acfd ofc acfd C-0H
Alcoho - OH
hen O
NH
R Ame 2
natural poh
netural polymerg
fie
plece h e
he
/ t Ocau70ncehamu
nem
fomme
nnGme
4r
hRh
hey
naturd
polymer
urd polymer
olysacherfile
f q m
m mntme
omd Or
otarch t
polymerI
a nafmd
Actcfh enaumi,
945ek
skh,hals,
alah. aminecllu
polymer
t
dCans h
s a nstvl um mOntmes
Aubbex 2med
nubben te It
vinear faschol-
aschol. who
mnt by
khat s
a9uuow 80luo
f A-efaht
VinCga pr¬keryalfr n_piA
e c f T i s used
as
mato kC00k
T fa Sed
Sauces ehe
salad dresslig
ed a oHeehe etecteng
aschol used to
ft fs mixed Wth t0o hhydray
shol CaYS othe
s sed as 4 juel fh
SehI
h
wha adalys 9? whte anyone eackfon
9
brauahi abou by s e caalysf he rak
GtalsPs ubslence ohlch dhangu
Han wtho cauig a diskbance to
Vegchable Ys unsRhureted compound
adiPon tackion uh hydyogtnfn he p
nfckle catalsf to vanaspal9 ghl
CC -C-
plafhup
unsauraled
18 uhite he IUPAC names of the ollowfna shuckurad fom
CHa CH,- CH,- CH
No f carbon homS:
Parent Akane Budane
T UPSC ngme n - Butane
CHa CHOH CH
No of Carbon atomS
Paren Alkane : Propane
Aun clfona toup Alcohol (o1)
2
No 4 carbon atom o dhfch oH amup
Psattached s
But added ol
TUPSCname ropan-2- o
a CH CH- CooH
NO d Carbon om 3
f e n Alkane :hopann
Auncfor ooup COOH
Sut added ofc
IUPSCname Propanofc qd
iv CH CH,- NH2
No of Canb on gtom: 2
Parent Alkane :Cthan
Andbna gup NH
&ulR oddee Amne
IUPSC name hanamfne
