What is cloud Computing
cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—including servers, storage,
databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence—over the Internet (“the
cloud”) to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale.
History of Cloud Computing
The concept of cloud computing has roots in the 1950s when mainframe computers
were accessed remotely through dumb terminals by multiple users. However, the
modern era of cloud computing began to take shape in the late 1990s and early 2000s
with the advent of the internet and advancements in virtualization and networking
technologies. Here's a brief overview of the history of cloud computing:
Early Concepts (1950s-1970s): The origins of cloud computing can be traced back to
the time-sharing systems of the 1950s and 1960s,
Emergence of the Internet (1990s): The widespread adoption of the internet in the
1990s facilitated the development of new models for delivering computing services
AWS and Public Cloud (2000s): Amazon Web Services (AWS) launched in 2006,
marking a significant milestone in the history of cloud computing.
Enterprise Adoption (2010s): Throughout the 2010s, cloud computing gained
widespread adoption among enterprises of all sizes
Current Trends (2020s): In recent years, cloud computing has continued to evolve, with
advancements in areas such as edge computing, serverless computing, and artificial
intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) services.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
Pros Cons
Data Security Downtime
Data Backup and Restoration Data Location and Compliance
Improved Collaboration Dependency on Service Provider
Excellent Accessibility Hidden Costs and Pricing Models
Cost-effective Maintenance Data Security and Concerns about Privacy
Mobility Limited Control and Customization
Agility and Innovation Vendor Reliability and Downtime
Reliability Cloud Service Closes Shop
Structure of cloud Computing
Architecture of cloud computing is the combination of both SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) and
EDA (Event Driven Architecture). Client infrastructure, application, service, runtime cloud, storage,
infrastructure, management and security all these are the components of cloud computing
architecture.
1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS):
3. Software as a Service (SaaS):
4. Deployment Models:
5. Management and Orchestration:
6. Security and Compliance:
7. Networking:
8. Storage and Data Management:
Overall, the structure of cloud computing is designed to provide flexible, scalable, and
cost-effective IT resources and services to organizations of all sizes, enabling them to
innovate and compete in the digital economy.
Models of cloud Computing
The main three types of cloud computing are public cloud, private cloud, and hybrid cloud.
Within these deployment models, there are four main services: infrastructure as a service (IaaS),
platform as a service (PaaS), software as a service (SaaS), and serverless computing.
1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet.
Users have control over operating systems, applications, and development
frameworks
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS):
PaaS offers a platform for developers to build, deploy, and manage
applications without worrying about the underlying infrastructure.
PaaS typically includes development tools, middleware, databases, and
other resources needed for application development.
3. Software as a Service (SaaS):
SaaS delivers software applications over the internet on a subscription
basis.
SaaS providers handle maintenance, updates, and security, allowing users
to focus on using the software to meet their business needs.
Types of Cloud Computing
1. Based on Deployment Models:
a. Public Cloud: - Public cloud services are provided by third-party cloud service
providers over the internet.
b. Private Cloud: - Private cloud infrastructure is dedicated to a single
organization and can be hosted on-premises or by a third-party provider. -
c. Hybrid Cloud: - Hybrid cloud combines public and private cloud
infrastructures, allowing data and applications to be shared between them. -
2. Based on Service Models:
a. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): - IaaS provides virtualized computing
resources over the internet, including servers, storage, and networking
infrastructure.
b. Platform as a Service (PaaS): - PaaS offers a platform for developers to build,
deploy, and manage applications without dealing with underlying infrastructure. -
c. Software as a Service (SaaS): - SaaS delivers software applications over the
internet on a subscription basis.
Virtualization
Virtualization is a technology that allows multiple virtual instances of computing
resources to run on a single physical machine. It decouples software from the
underlying hardware, enabling greater flexibility, resource utilization, and scalability.
Here's a breakdown of virtualization:
1. Hardware Virtualization:
Hardware virtualization involves creating virtual machines (VMs) that
mimic physical computers.
A hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor (VMM), is software
that enables multiple operating systems to run concurrently on a single
physical machine.
2. Benefits of Hardware Virtualization:
Server Consolidation: Virtualization allows organizations to consolidate
multiple physical servers into fewer physical machines by running multiple
virtual machines on each server, thereby reducing hardware costs and
power consumption.
Testing and Development: Virtualization provides a cost-effective
environment for testing and developing applications, allowing developers
to create and deploy multiple virtual environments quickly.
3. Types of Virtualization:
Full Virtualization: In full virtualization, the guest operating system runs
unmodified on the virtual machine
Para-virtualization: Para-virtualization requires modifications to the guest
operating system to run efficiently on the hypervisor.
Hardware-assisted Virtualization: Modern processors include hardware
support for virtualization, such as Intel VT-x and AMD-V
4. Application Virtualization:
Application virtualization separates applications from the underlying
operating system.
Containers share the host operating system's kernel but have their own file
system, libraries, and resources.
Hypervisor
A hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor (VMM), is a software or
firmware layer that enables multiple operating systems to run concurrently on a
single physical machine.
1. Types of Hypervisors:
Type 1 Hypervisor (Bare Metal): Type 1 hypervisors run directly on the
physical hardware without an underlying operating system. Examples
include VMware vSphere/ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, and Xen.
Type 2 Hypervisor (Hosted): Type 2 hypervisors run on top of a
conventional operating system, such as Windows or Linux. Examples
include VMware Workstation, Oracle VirtualBox, and Parallels Desktop.
Cloud storage
Cloud storage refers to a service model in which data is stored, managed, and
maintained remotely on servers that are accessed over the internet.
DAS involves directly attaching storage devices to a server or computer system.
NAS provides shared file-level storage over a network.
SAN offers shared block-level storage accessed over a high-speed network,
typically using Fibre Channel or iSCSI protocols.
Cloud security
Cloud security refers to the set of policies, technologies, and controls implemented to
protect data, applications, and infrastructure in cloud computing environments.
