EMS HIGH SCHOOL

Name: ______________
IGCSE-I
Date: ___-03-2021
Seerah of Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬

1.8: THE BATTLES OF PROPHET‫ﷺ‬

Main events of 4 A.H:
Birth of Hazrat Hussan bin Ali R.A
Death of Hazrat Zaynab binte Khuzaymah, Umul-Masakeen
Death of Abu Salma R.A, the cousin (son of his aunt) and foster

brother of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬

Marrying Ume Salma R.A
Ume Salama R.A was widowed with her four children when her husband
died at the end of Jumadi-ul-Ukhra in the fourth year of Hijrah as a
result of his injuries in the Battle of Uhud. The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬married her
to support her and to help her raise these children.

5th Year of Migration:

The Battle of Banu Mustalaq: Shaban, 5 A.H
Banu Al-Mustaliq were a sub-tribe of Khuza’ah and Al-Mustaliq was
their forefather. He was Juthaymah bin Sa‘d bin ‘Amr bin Rabee‘ah bin
Haarithah bin ‘Amr bin ‘Aamir bin Maa’is-Samaa’.

1|Page
 Reasons for the Battle:

The tribe of Banu Al-Mustaliq supported Quraysh and joined it during

the Battle of Uhud against the Muslims. It was among the Aha'abeesh tribes
who participated in the battle supporting Quraysh.

News came to the Prophet ‫ صلی هللا عليه وسلم‬that they were preparing an army
to fight him under the leadership of Haarith bin Dhiraar.

The tribe of Banu Al-Mustaliq governed the main road leading to Makkah.
It was a strong barrier that prevented the Muslims from reaching Makkah.

Having heard about the preparations of

Banu Al-Mustaliq, the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬
set out with 700 companions and met
them in one of their watering areas
called Al-Muraysee’ in the direction
from Qadeed to the sea coast where
they were easily defeated.

Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬marriage with Juwayriyah R.A:

When the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬distributed the captives of Banu Al-Mustaliq between the
companions, Juwayriyah belonged to the share of Thaabit bin Qays bin Shammas.

2|Page
She came to the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬in order to help her in paying her ransom money to
be freed. The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: “Would you want what is better than this?” She
said, “What is that, O Messenger of Allah?” He replied: “I shall pay your money
and marry you.” She agreed, and then the news spread among people.

Thereupon, the Muslims released all captives as they had become relatives of the
Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬through the marriage.

Aaishah R.A said, “The marriage of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬to Juwayriyah R.A was the
cause of the setting free of one hundred families of Banu Al-Mustaliq. I do not
know of a woman who was greater in blessing to her people than she was.”

Following the incident, Haarith, her father, came to Madinah with the ransom of
his daughter. The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬invited him to embrace Islam, and he did.

Two important incidents following the battle:

After the hypocrites failed to turn the Arabs and their armies against the Muslims,
and found that the Muslims were determined and had the strength to defeat the
enemies, they started to spread chaos among the Muslims themselves.

Incident # 1: the disagreement between the

Muhajareen and the Ansar
After the battle had finished, a man from the Muhajareen hit a man from the
Ansar. As a result, each one called his people to help him. The hypocrites, led by
Abdullah bin Ubay, made use of this situation and spread hatred against the

Muhajareen to an extent where they insulted the Holy Prophet ‫ﷺ‬.

He also announced that he would expel the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬from Medinah when he
returned to it after the battle, saying,
3|Page
 “When we return to Medinah, the strong will expel the weak from the city.”

When the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬learnt about this via Zaid bin Arqam who had overheard
their conversation, he called Abdullah bin Ubay to ask them about the matter.
However, they denied and swore that they had not said any such thing.

Allah revealed Surah Al-Munafiqeen verifying the truthfulness of what Zaid bin
Arqam had said.

Abdullah bin Abdullah bin Ubay, his son and Umar R.A asked permission to kill
him after what he had said about the Messenger of Allah, but the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬
did not allow him to do this, and even ordered his son to deal well with his father.

Incident # 2: the slander against Aishah R.A

Aishah R.A was accompanying the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬in this

battle. When an immediate return was announced by
the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬to avoid the chaos created by the
hypocrites, Aishah R.A had left her howdah (carriage)
to look for her sister’s necklace, which she had lost.
While she was looking for the necklace, the army left
as the ones who carried her howdah onto the camel
didn’t realize that she was not inside.
When she returned the caravan had left, she therefore sat in a nearby spot and
fell asleep.

Safwan bin Al-Muattal R.A had been ordered to travel behind the army to
bring the news or any remaining objects. When he saw her, he said in surprise,

“Truly, to Allah we belong, and truly to Him shall we return.”

4|Page
Consequently, Aishah R.A woke up. He then brought his ride and made it kneel
down for Aishah to climb onto it. He did not say even one word to her as he
continued on his journey, leading the animal until they reached the army.

The hypocrites and Abdullah ibn Abay took this as an opportunity to fulfill their
evil intentions slandering Aishah R.A and Safwan R.A. When the army returned to
Madinah, these hypocrites started spreading this lie where as the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬
kept quiet about the matter, not saying anything at all.

Aishah R.A fell ill for a month after returning from her journey unaware of what
the people were saying about her. When she learnt about the slander, she kept
crying.

She knew that whatever she said would not prove her innocence unless there is a
revelation from Allah, so she repeated the words of Yaqoob A.S:

{So I will bear this patiently, and in good grace. It is Allah's help alone
that I seek against your fabrication}

About this time, the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬had signs that he is receiving revelation that
proved Aishah’s innocence. Aishah’s R.A mother told Aishah R.A to thank him.
However, Aishah R.a replied,

“By Allah, I will not praise anyone but Allah.”

The main lessons learnt from this story:

Purify your thoughts Watch your words Stand up to the truth

✓ Always assume the best about others

✓ Don’t spread rumours, verify any news that reaches you
✓ Be patient and know that with every difficulty comes ease
✓ Never belittle a sin: at times a word causes the displeasure of Allah
✓ Forgive, even if someone has wronged you

5|Page
 The Battle of Trench: Shaban, 5 A.H
After the Battle of Uhud, Quraish and the Jews had realized that getting rid of the
Muslims was impossible unless they all collaborate together in Ahzab (parties) in
order to fulfill their aim. This was the only solution!

This idea was proposed by Huyai bin Akh’tab (‫)حيى بن أخطب‬, the chief of Bani
Nadir, a Jewish tribe that broke its oath and was driven out of Madinah.

Their leader was Abu-Sufyan and the army consisted of 10,000 soldiers from
different Arab tribes such as Quraish, Ghatfan, Ashja, Bani Sulaim and other Arab
tribes. They decided to head to Madinah to abolish Islam.
The Muslims were informed by the arrival of
this army 15 days ahead of their arrival.

Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬summoned Muslims to discuss

the matter with them and consult them.

Salman Al-Farsi R.A suggested digging a

trench, a plan that was applied in Persia. This
was an ideal suggestion as the east, west, and
south sides of Madinah were naturally
surrounded by pointed, rocky land, which no
one can climb or even walk on. Hence, they
had to close the north part by the trench.

Muslims decided to:

stay inside Madinah: by digging a trench and staying behind it to protect the
city, lest any of the enemies could cross the trench
ensuring a safe place for women and children

6|Page
The total number of Muslim warriors was 1500. Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬divided them into
groups, each including 25 companions to dig a specific area, which they would
protect afterwards. The trench was dug in around 10 days at the narrowest part
between the two pointed rocky areas of the east and west. Muslims used to tie a
stone on their stomach to overcome the hunger, while Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬tied two
stones out of severe hunger.

Some incidents that happened while digging the trench:

■ a feast by Jabir bin Abdullah al-Ansari: where the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬covered

the earthenware pot and he would take out and give food to his companions till
they all ate their fill and even then, some food remained
■ appearance of a big solid rock: that was broken by the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬along
with congratulating the believers of conquering Rome and Persia
■ missing Asar Prayer and performing Qadha’: Umar R.A came after the
sun had set abusing the infidels of Quraish saying,
O Allah's Messenger! I was unable to offer the Asr prayer.
The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said,
By Allah, I have not offered this prayer.
Then they offered the Asr prayer with the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬after the sun had set
before the Maghrib prayer.

Arrival of the Enemy’s Army:

The army of Ahzab (Quraish and the other tribes) came with ten-thousand soldiers and
besieged Madinah. The Ahzab were greatly surprised to see the trench as it was not an
Arab technique and they were not prepared for this.

Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬divided the companions into groups to defend the trench. This siege
continued for 24 days where the companions fulfilled their duties whole-heartedly.

7|Page
 Violation of Treaty by Banu Qurayza:
Quraish could not pass through and found no solution, so they considered to
communicate with Banu Qurayza to help them attack Muslim women and
children from the south of Madinah. Quraish though that as the Jews would start
killing children and women of Muslims, the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬and the companions
would immediately leave the trench and they would attack the Muslims from
north and south.

One of the Jews was sent to examine the fort where the women and children
were staying. Safiyah R.A.,the aunt of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬killed him with bravery.
She then cut his head and threw it near the forts of the Jews to let them know that
Muslims were guarding the women and children's fort.

After 23 days since the siege, the situation was getting worse. The trench started
to be exposed and Quraish began to approach. Amr bin Abd-Wud (‫)عمرو بن ود‬,
who was a skillful fighter from Quraish got to the trench. He was killed by Ali
R.A. After one-on-one fight between Ali Ibn Talib R.A and Amr, enemies threw a

lot of arrows at the tent of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬.

Story of Nuaym Ibn Masud: a new convert

Meanwhile, Nuaym ibn Masud (‫ )نعيم بن مسعود‬from Ashja’ tribe went to the

Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬and announced Islam. Nuaym to Banu Qurayza and told them that
Quraish was not from this land, and so if they got exhausted from the siege, they
would leave Banu Qurayza alone in front of Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬who would take
revenge for their betrayal. He told the solution was to take fifty of Quraish's
leaders to guarantee that Quraish would not leave.

8|Page
He then went to Abu Sufyan and told him that Banu Qurayza made an agreement
with Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬to bring him fifty of Quraish’s leaders to make peace with him.

On the next day, Abu Sufyan contacted Ka’ab, the chief of Banu Quraiza where
he came across the fact that that Nuaym was right. Thus, Ka’ab also thought that
Nuaym was right. This was the first step toward victory of the believers!

Defeat of the Ahzaab:

An extremely cold night followed and strong cold winds blew, uprooting the tents
of Quraish, throwing their belongings and hitting their faces with small stones.
Allah says in Quran:

“O you who have believed, remember the favor of Allah upon you when armies

came to [attack] you and We sent upon them a wind and armies [of angels]
you did not see. And ever is Allah, of what you do, Seeing.”

The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬send Huzaifa bin Al-Yaman R.A. to get the news of the
enemies. He found Quraish and its allies really scared, tired and cold. Abu Sufyan
told the men that he had decided to leave because they could not face the betrayal
of the Jews, also they were not prepared for these cold winds and hunger.

Huzaifa R.A went back to the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬told him the good news. The Prophet
told the news to his companions and thanked Allah for this victory.

Battle of Banu Qurayza:

The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬had told the companions to go back to their homes after 24 days
of the siege and 10 days of digging, when Jibril A.S descended and said,

“O Muhammad! Have you put down your weapons and the angels

9|Page
 haven't put theirs yet?”

The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬called back the companions and told them the fight was not
over and told them:

“Whoever believes in Allah and His Messenger will pray the Asr prayer
only in Banu Qurayza.”

The companions reached Banu Qurayza and besieged them for 15 days until they
surrendered upon the acceptance of the judgement of Sa’ad bin Muadh of
Khazraj, their former allies. Sa’ad R.A decided to kill their men and take their
children and women as captives upon which the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said:

You have judged amongst them with the judgment of Allah!

Death of Sa’ad bin Muadh R.A.:

The wound of Sa’ad bin Muadh R.A. started to bleed again and hence passed
away after serving Islam and defending the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬for six years.

His funeral was attended by 70,000 angels and as the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬told the
companions:

"The Throne of Allah shook at the death of Sa`ad bin Mu`adh."

َ
َ ‫ال َه‬ َ َ
ِّ ُ ‫م‬ َ ُ ُ ُ ‫ي‬‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ َ
َ ‫فتح اللَّ ُه كم فيوح َالعارِفي َن َو ك ُم ال ُّرش َد َو الص َو‬َ َ
!‫اب‬ ِ
10 | P a g e