WATER
RESOURESES
ENGINEERING
FROM BEGINNING TO END.
WHAT IS WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING?
Water resources engineering is the quantitative study of the hydrologic cycle the
distribution and circulation of water linking the earth's atmospheres land and
oceans, water resources engineering can be broadly divided into the three
categories of groundwater, hydrology and hydraulics. Water resources engineers
fulfill a wide variety of roles in designing and managing water-based systems.
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HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
• WRM for human use, a subset of management of natural water
cycle, for optimal use of water resource through Planning,
developments and distribution. Major stakeholders of water
consumption are agriculture in rural sector and domestic,
industrial other institutional use in urban and other sectors.
Various attempts were made by the water managers considered
interrelation among the competing demands of resource from
different stakeholders to evaluate the effective use of water
resource.
• Water is also known as an important component of
environment. Engineering component of environment and
management in demand to meet the water needs of a growing
world population within given environmental and social
constraints. It is using in agriculture and M and I.
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
WATER RESOURCES AND
CIVIL ENGINEERING
• Water engineering is a division of civil
engineering, focusing specifically on
water based Projects and may include
water treatment, waste water, or
infrastructure development .Water
resource engineers will play
fundamental roles in developing the
plans for new infrastructure and taking
them through the planning approval
stages, to procurement, Construction,
commissioning and operation.
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
WATER RESOURCES AND
CIVIL ENGINEERING
• It offers a multidisciplinary engineering
degree Program in the areas of water,
Environment, Transportation,
Geotechnical and structural engineering
.The main objectives of the department
are to provide a sound academic base for
graduate Civil Engineers.
• Water resources Engineers have wide
scope to Work in sectors such as:
Environmental impact, assessment and
mitigation, water supply and treatment.
Air quality management etc. 5
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF WATER
RESOURCES ENGINEERING
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Dams can prevent flooding in the area. Rainfall is unpredictable
They are made to last a very long time. water tanks can be very hard clean.
Dams provide cheap electricity for millions Some cleaning systems cost a lot of money
of people. I have to refill my water tanks, it may cost
Dams Provide irrigation control my money
They also provide rubbish control (debris I can't connect as much water as I like, as it
control) over flows.
Water tanks have getting dirty.
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WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING INVOLVES
WATER HYDRAULIC IRRIGATION SURFACE
HYDROLOGY RUNOFF
DISTRIBUTION STRUCTURES ENGINEERING
ANALYSIS
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Hydrology
Hydrology is the study of the movement,
distribution, and quality of water on Earth and
other planets
• Hydrology provides guidance for undergoing
proper planning and management of water
resources
• Calculates rainfall, surface run off and
precipitation
• It determines the water balance particular region
• It mitigates and predicts flood, landslide and
drought risk in the region.
• Hydrology is used for city water supply design
which is based on catchments area, amount of
rainfall, dry Period, Storage capacity, runoff
evaporation and transpiration.
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River coarse change of Haora river
Water Distribution
Water Distribution System is, Where
Water is stored or collected in the
reservoir. This stored water is treated
in the reservoir itself. After the
treatment process is done this treated
water is to be transferred from the
storage reservoir to colonies or cities.
• Direct pumping
• Gravity distribution
• Pumping in conjunction with
storage
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Hydraulic Structure
A hydraulic structure is a structure submerged or
partially submerged in any body of water, which
disrupts the natural flow of water.
• Dams and weirs are built across a stream or river
to facilitate water storage
• weir is a structure designed to raise the upstream
water level to increase water storage and
irrigation capacity, and to enable navigation.
• During large floods, the water is allowed to pass
over the top of the full length of the weir. There
are several types of weirs defined by their weir
shape and crest length
• A dam is defined as a large structure built across
a valley to store water in the upstream reservoir
for flood mitigation, hydroelectricity, or water
supply.
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Dam 16
Kaptai lake,
Rangamati
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Electricity production of kaptai lake
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Irrigation System
Irrigation may be defined as the science of the
artificial application of water to the land in order
to fulfill the water requirements of the crops
throughout the crop period for the full
nourishment of the crops. Nutrients to the crops
may also be applied through irrigation.
• Surface Irrigation
• Localized Irrigation
• Drip Irrigation
• Sprinkler Irrigation
• Center Pivot Irrigation
• Lateral Move Irrigation
• Sub-Irrigation
• Manual Irrigation
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Farakka barrage
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Tista Mega Project 24
Surface Runoff
Surface runoff (also known as overland flow)
is the flow of water occurring on the ground
surface when excess rainwater, storm water,
meltwater, or other sources, can no longer
sufficiently rapidly infiltrate in the soil.
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Challenges for future
Increasing cost Wasteful use Malfunctioning
of new supply Regional of existing of existing
on Supply
cooperation supply Drought structure,
augmentation.
Massive Water Ground Water quality ecosystem
subsidies allocation water and costal maintenance
depletion salinity.
CONCLUSION
Our water resources, irregularly distributed in space and time, are under pressure for major
population change and increased demand. Access to reliable data on the availability, quality and
quantity of water and its variability, form the necessary foundation for Sound management of
water resources.
The different options for augmentation expand the boundaries of the water resource in a
conventional sense, helping to match demand and supply. All components of the hydrological
cycles and influence of human activities on it, need to be understood and quantified to efficiently
and sustainably develop and Protect Water Resources
It is important to better control the use of underground water that will not be replenished.
Longstanding practices, such as collecting rainwater, are being refined and supplemented by
newer techniques such as artificial recharge, desalination and re-use. Growing changes in the
availability of water resources will require Political support for the collection of information on
water resources.
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