MINOR PROJECT REPORT

On

“COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

POLICY OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE COMPANY ”

Submitted Towards the Partial Fulfillment for the Award of the Degree of
Bachelors
of Business Administration (NEP) Batch 2021-24
Under the Guidance of
MISS. PRIYANKA RAJ MODANWAL

Assistant Professor

BBA Department

Submitted
by:
Yash Karan Singh
BBA VI Sem
2112410980016

Study Hall College

Pipersand, Lucknow
University of Lucknow
DECLARATION

I Yash Karan Singh here by declare that this report on the topic “COMPARATIVE STUDY ON
THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY POLICY OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE COMPANY
” has been solely written by me for the partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of
Business Administration from Study Hall College, Lucknow and will be used only for
Academic purpose. It will not be produced in any condition as a source of information anywhere
else.

Yash Karan Singh

BBA 6th Semester

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Commencement of this Minor Project Report was impossible without acknowledging the
people whose support was absolutely helpful for the completion of my report. There have
been many people who have supported me throughout the project and I take this opportunity to
thank them for their time and effort.

I am greatly indebted to my guide Miss. Priyanka Raj Modanwal (Asst. Prof. Study Hall
College, Lucknow) who has provided me with the necessary guidelines, instructions, criticisms
and
theoretical insights that helped in the development of my dissertation in giving it proper shape.

Last but not least I would like to thank my family, friends and faculty of my institute for
their constant encouragement and support.

Yash Karan Singh

BBA 6th semester

 TABLE OF CONTENT

S.no. Content Page no.

1. Introduction

2. Objectives of Study

3. Literature Review

4. Research Methodology

5. Data Analysis and Interpretation

6. Findings of Study

7. Limitations of Study

8. Suggestions of Study

9. Conclusion

References

Bibliography
 INTRODUCTION

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a business concept that focuses on the

ethical, environmental, and social impact of a company’s operations. It's essentially away for
companies to act with social consciousness by taking responsibility for the way they affect the
world around them. This can include things like environmental sustainability, labor practices,
and community involvement.

Here are some of the reasons why CSR is important:

* It helps companies improve their reputation and brand image.

* It can attract and retain top talent.

* It can help companies manage risks and comply with regulations.

* It can create a more sustainable and equitable future.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to a company's ongoing commitment to

operating ethically and sustainably. It involves businesses considering the impact of their
operations on
society, the environment, and the economy.

Here's a breakdown of CSR:

* Focus areas: Environmental responsibility, ethical labor practices, philanthropic giving,

and community engagement.

* Benefits: Enhances brand reputation, attracts and retains talent, fosters customer loyalty,
and helps manage risks.

The National Corporate Social Responsibility Data Portal is an initiative by the Ministry of
Corporate Affairs, Government of India to establish a platform to disseminate Corporate Social
Responsibility related data and information filed by the companies registered with it.

The Corporate Social Responsibility concept in India is governed by Section 135 of

the Companies Act, 2013 (‘Act’), Schedule VII of the Act and Companies (CSR Policy) Rules,
2014 wherein the criteria has been provided for assessing the CSR eligibility of a
company, Implementation and Reporting of their CSR Policies. India having the most
elaborated CSR mechanism and implementation strategy has started its journey to set a
benchmark in attaining sustainability goals and stakeholder activism in nation building.

The CSR ambit is getting bigger and for upcoming years it would turn out to be a
unique knowledge base for analyzing and achieving sustainability goals as among
various large
economies. India is a country which has assured by mandating CSR through its legislative
action. India is the first country in the world to make corporate social responsibility (CSR)
mandatory, following an amendment to the Companies Act, 2013 in April 2014. Businesses can
invest their profits in areas such as education, poverty, gender equality, and hunger as part
of any CSR compliance. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a self-regulating business
model that helps a company be socially accountable to itself, its stakeholders, and the
public. Through CSR programs, philanthropy, and volunteer efforts, businesses can benefit
society while boosting their brands. A socially responsible company is accountable to itself
and its shareholders. CSR is commonly a strategy employed by large corporations. The
more visible and successful a corporation is, the more responsibility it has to set standards
of ethical behavior for its peers, competition, and industry.

TYPES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

● Environmental responsibility: Corporate social responsibility is rooted in preserving

the environment. A company can pursue environmental stewardship by reducing pollution
and emissions in manufacturing, recycling materials, replenishing natural resources like
trees, or creating product lines consistent with CSR.

● Ethical responsibility: Corporate social responsibility includes acting fairly and

ethically. Instances of ethical responsibility include fair treatment of all customers regardless of
age, race, culture, or sexual orientation, favorable pay and benefits for employees, vendor
use across demographics, full disclosures, and transparency for investors.

● Philanthropic responsibility: CSR requires a company to contribute to society, whether

a company donates profit to charities, enters into transactions only with suppliers or vendors
that align with the company philanthropically, supports employee philanthropic
endeavors, or sponsors fundraising events.

● Financial responsibility: A company might make plans to be more environmentally,

ethically, and philanthropically focused, however, it must back these plans through financial
investments in programs, donations, or product research including research and development for
products that encourage sustainability, creating a diverse workforce, or implementing DEI,
social awareness, or environmental initiatives.

Benefits of CSR

According to a study published in the Journal of Consumer Psychology, consumers are

more likely to act favorably toward a company that has acted to benefit its customers. As a
company engages in CSR, it is more likely to receive favorable brand recognition.
Additionally, workers are more likely to stay with a company they believe in. This
reduces employee turnover, disgruntled workers, and the total cost of a new employee.
For companies looking to outperform the market, enacting CSR strategies may improve
how investors view the company's value. The Boston Consulting Group found that
companies considered leaders in environmental, social, or governance matters had an
11% valuation premium over their competitors. CSR practices help companies mitigate
risk by avoiding troubling situations. This includes preventing adverse activities such as
discrimination against employee groups, disregard for natural resources, unethical use of
company funds, and activity that leads to lawsuits, and litigation.

● Business Benefits

CSR can have a positive impact on an organization’s brand identity as well as its bottom
line. Some CSR efforts, such as improving energy efficiency, can reduce operating costs and
might lead to savings in the end. Consumers increasingly prefer brands that share their values,
and CSR policies offer ways for organizations to demonstrate those values, building trust and
loyalty to fuel a competitive advantage. CSR can also help attract top talent and drive
employee engagement and retention, as more workers seek employers whose values align with
their own. Additionally, a proactive approach to ethical and social issues has the potential to
prevent legal problems, fines and reputational damage.

● Consumer benefits

CSR initiatives can help people become more responsible consumers, making it easier for them
to access products and services that align with their values and educating them on issues of
sustainability and ethical consumption. It can encourage companies to prioritize and invest in
testing, quality control and safety measures. CSR can also minimize the likelihood of defective
or harmful products reaching consumers.

● Environmental benefits

CSR can have a positive impact on the overall health of the planet, as it
encourages environmental responsibility and sustainable practices. CSR initiatives can help
companies reduce their greenhouse gas emissions or pursue net-zero emissions goals that are
key to slowing climate change. They might also help conserve natural resources, reduce
pollution and limit disruption of ecosystems. Additionally, a focus on CSR can support
investment in research and development of eco-friendly products and practices.

● Societal benefits

Corporate social responsibility can help support local communities and address societal
issues, such as poverty, inequality and environmental concerns. CSR initiatives can fuel
economic growth by creating jobs. They can also shape public opinion as companies
leading the way inspire others to follow suit, creating a positive ripple effect. A focus on
ethical behavior at the corporate level reinforces a broader norm of ethical behavior across other
parts of society.
 EVOLUTION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

The term CSR may be relatively new to India, but the concept dates back to Mauryan history,
where philosophers like Kautilya emphasized on ethical practices and principles while
conducting business. CSR has been informally practiced in ancient times in the form of charity
to the poor and disadvantaged. Indian scriptures have at several places mentioned the importance
of sharing one’s earning with the deprived section of society. We have a deep rooted culture
of sharing and caring.

Religion also played a major role in promoting the concept of CSR. Islam has a law
called Zakaat, which rules that a portion of one’s earnings must be shared with the poor in
form of donations. Merchants belonging to Hindu religion gave alms, constructed temples
and night shelters for the poorer class. Hindus followed Dharmada where the
manufacturer or seller charged a specific amount from the purchaser, which was used for
charity. The amount was known as charity amount or Dharmada. In the same fashion, Sikhs
followed Daashaant.

Here, we can understand that the history of CSR in India runs parallel to the historical
development of India. CSR has evolved in phases like community engagement, socially
responsible production, and socially responsible employee relations. Therefore, the history of
Corporate Social responsibility in India can be broadly divided into four phases:

The first phase of CSR was driven by noble deeds of philanthropists and charity. It was
influenced by family values, traditions, culture and religion along with industrialization. Till
1850, the wealthy businessmen shared their riches with the society by either setting up temples
or religious institutions. In times of famines, they opened their granaries for the poor and hungry.
The approach towards CSR changed with the arrival of colonial rule in 1850. In the
Pre- independence era, the pioneers or propagators of industrialization also supported the
concept of CSR. In the 1900s, the industrialist families like Tatas, Birlas, Modis, Godrej,
Bajajs and Singhanias promoted this concept by setting up charitable foundations,
educational and healthcare institutions, and trusts for community development. It may also be
interesting to note that their efforts for social benefit were also driven by political motives.

The second phase was the period of independence struggle when the industrialists
were pressured to show their dedication towards the benefit of the society.

In the third phase from 1960- 1980, CSR was influenced by the emergence of Public
sector undertakings to ensure proper distribution of wealth. The policy of industrial
licensing, high taxes and restrictions on the private sector resulted in corporate
malpractices. This led to enactment of legislation regarding corporate governance, labor and
environmental issues. Still the PSUs were not very successful. Therefore, there was a natural
shift of expectation from the public to the private sector and their active involvement in socio-
economic growth. In 1965, the academicians, politicians and businessmen set up a national
workshop on CSR, where great stress was laid on social accountability and transparency.
In the fourth phase from 1980 onwards, Indian companies integrated CSR into a
sustainable business strategy. With globalization and economic liberalization in the 1990s,
and partial withdrawal of controls and licensing systems there was a boom in the economic
growth of the country. This led to the increased momentum in industrial growth, making it
possible for the companies to contribute more towards social responsibility. What started
as charity is now understood and accepted as responsibility.

In the current scenario in India, the new companies act amended in December 2012 mandates the
corporate to spend 2% of their average net profits of the last three financial years towards CSR.
This is applicable for companies with a turnover of 1000 Cr/ PAT of 5 Cr/ or net worth of 500
cr. The new bill replaces the Companies act 1956 and emphasizes carrying forward the
agenda of Corporate Social Responsibility.

WHY CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY MATTERS TO BUSINESSES

Companies are increasingly ramping up their focus on social responsibility, whether they
are championing women’s rights, protecting the environment, or attempting to obliterate
poverty, on local, national, or global levels. From an optics perspective, socially
responsible companies project more attractive images to both consumers and shareholders
alike, which serves to positively affect their bottom lines.

Customers Matter

Embracing socially responsible policies goes a long way toward attracting and
retaining customers, which is essential to a company’s long-term success. Furthermore, many
individuals who know that part of a company's profits will be channeled toward social causes
near and dear to them will gladly pay a premium for goods.

Increases Employee Motivation

Social responsibility is an effective tool to increase employee engagement. These

companies tend to attract employees who are eager to make a difference in the world—in
addition to simply collecting a paycheck. With large companies, there is strength in
numbers, and collective employee efforts can achieve substantial results, which increases
workplace morale and boosts productivity.

Community Support and Customer Loyalty

Social responsibility works as a platform for companies and consumers alike to make a
positive impact on local and global communities. Businesses that implement a social
responsibility
initiative that’s in line with their values have the opportunity to increase customer retention
and loyalty.

TYPES OF CSR ACTIVITY

Eradicating extreme hunger and poverty.

Promotion of education
Promoting gender equality and empowering women

Reducing child mortality and improving maternal health

Combating human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, malaria,

and other disease

Ensuring environmental sustainability

Employment enhancing vocational skills

Social business project

Other activity not mentioned above

COMPANY PROFILE OF PUBLIC SECTOR COMPANY

INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED

Indian Oil Corporation Limited established in 1959 is a public company which is owned by the
Ministry of Oil and Natural Gas, government of India. Its headquarters are in New Delhi. It is
one of the largest companies in India and ranked at 142nd position on the Fortune Globe List
500 of world’s biggest corporations as of 2021. Indian oil is the largest government
owned oil producer in the country and earned net profit of $6.1 billion. It is providing
employment to various people. As of 31 March 2021, there were 31,648 employees working
in the company among them, 17,762 are executives and 13,648 are non executives. Indian
oil has 8.77% of women staff.

BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED

Bharat Petroleum was formed in the year 1952 and is a centrally owned company. It is owned
by Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India. BPCL is the second
largest government owned oil producing companies with refineries in Bina, Kochi and
Mumbai. As of 2021, its net income was $1.3 Billion and it ranked at 309th position on the
2020 fortune list of world’s biggest Public SectorCompanies and in Forbes 2021, 2000 list it
backed 792nd rank. It has two subsidiary companies including Indraprastha Gas Limited (IGL)
and Petronet LNG.

STATE BANK OF INDIA

SBI or State Bank of India is a multinational public sector bank owned by the Ministry of
Finance, Government of India. It was formed in the year 1955. Headquarters of SBI is in
Mumbai. It is the largest bank in India and 49th largest bank of the world as of 2020. In
2021, total assets of the bank were worth $650 billion and net income was $5.5 billion making it
largest Public Sector Bank of India. SBI was the only Indian bank in the list of Fortune
Global500 list of world’s biggest corporations backing 221st position. In September 2021, SBI
became the third lender and seventh Indian company to cross Rs5 trillion market
capitalization on Indian stock exchange for the first time.
Company profile of Private sector company

RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LIMITED

Reliance Industries is a private company founded by Dhirubhai Ambani and presenty owned
by Mukesh Ambani. It was formed in the year 1973 and currently it is the biggest company of
India with Net Income of $7.6 billion as of 2021. Reliance industry is the largest corporation
with very diverse business with branches in various sectors like energy, natural gas,
petrochemicals, mass media, textile, telecommunication and retail. By market capitalization,
itis the largest publically traded company and it provides employment to over 3,00,000 people.
In Fortune Global 500 list of world’s biggest corporations, Reliance secured 100th rank.
In India’s total export ofmerchandise,reliance is thehighest contributor that is 7% and has
excess to markets of 100 countries around the world. Reliance Industries limited have
various subsidiaries including Reliance Jio, Reliance Retail, and Reliance Petroleum etc.

TATA GROUP

Just like Reliance Industries limited, Tatagroup is also one of the biggest and oldest
companies of India. It was founded in the year 1868 by Jamsetji tata who is also known as
Father of Indian Industry. It provides its products to over 150 countries and has operations in
100 countries. As of 2021, Tata group earned the revenue of $128 billion. The company has its
operations in America, Africa, Asia andMiddle East and it deals in various sectors. Tata
groupincludes Tata Consultancy services, Tata Cliq, Tata consumer products, Tata Power,
Tata Motor, Tata steel, Tata Communication, Air India, Croma, Tata capital, Voltas and so
on.

INFOSYS

Infosys is an Information technology private company formed in the year in 1981 by

Narayana Murthy. It provides Business Consultation, Information Technology and
Outsourcing Services. After Tata Consultancy, it is the second largest information
technology company of India. Infosys ranked at 602nd position in Forbes Global 2000
ranking. It is providing employment to over 3,00,000 employees and earned net income of $2.8
billion in 2021.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Thiengnoi Phunbubpha, Afzal Sadaf (2009), in their dissertation on comparative analysis of

CSR strategies, implementation and outcomes presented the comparative case study of
IKEA, Starbuck and H&M. The objective of study was to gather information regarding CSR
activities performed by the companies, exploring the tools, incentives, goals and
objectives of the companies to pursue their interest in CSR and to make recommendations on
enhancing the CSR activities so that these companies can improve their reputation and
performance among consumers. In order to get results, secondary data is used. It was
concluded that as far as employees are concerned, these three companies are socially
responsible towards their staff, and makes sure that legal, fundamental and social principles are
respected. Both Starbucks and H&M invest in employee benefit and improving their
performance rather than advertisement. Policies and strategies of these companies also reflect
their CSR activities. Starbucks have social and environmental guidelines for producing,
processing and buying coffee in order to ensure high quality coffee is provided and farmers
also should get higher prices. H&M makes sure that the code of conduct is followed by
employing over 60 inspectors to ensure that. IKEA redesigned their business and have
successfully kept their costs and prices down and focus more on value creating system by
encouraging their business partners and customers to work together with them or to co
produce. Starbucks provide cash or product donations to the organizations where there
partners are involved as volunteers and H&M has come up with the new sustainable
strategy where their products are made with 50% organic cotton.

Emily (2011), compared the corporate social responsibility of commercial banks of United
States of America and United Kingdom. Commercial banks like, JP Morgan Chase, Bank of
America, Citi Bank, Royal Bank of Scotland, HSBC holdings and Barclays are considered. In
order to get results secondary data was used. The research revolved around Political, Social
and economic system, CSR relevant public policies and CSR relevant legislation in both the US
andUK. It was concluded that, national context and public policies affects the CSR policies
of USA and UK banks. Both the government use various tools to facilitate and promote CSR
activities. It was observed that all six banks rated high in environmental measures but very low
in business ethics and governance. Though, protection of environment is not the main
function of commercial banks but their operations do have an impact on environment.

Shilpa Kulkarni (2014), in the research paper analyzed the comparison of CSR practices
across Africa and India in automobile industry. Data from the year 2009 to 2012 is taken.
Indian Automobile industries like, Mahindra and Mahindra, Tata Group, Hyundai, Bharat Forge,
Force,
and Kirloskar oil engines and African automobile companies like Control Instrument
Group, Toyota South Africa, General Motors, Cooper Motor Corporation and Mix
Telematics are considered. It was observed that very similar economic and philanthropic
activities are followed by both African and Indian Automobile Companies. Because Indian
Automobile Industry established much before African Auto Mobile Industry, it is more
pragmatic and ethical. Both the sectors are philanthropic therefore; players are more innovative
and find new ways to reach Corporate Sustainability.

Mamta Mishra (2016) compared the corporate social responsibility in selected

manufacturing companies. The researcher also analyzed the advantages of CSR to society and
company, and also suggested some of the CSR activities that can be conducted by the
companies. Companies like Badve Engineering Pvt Ltd, Garware Polyster Ltd, Suzlon Energy
Ltd, Varroc Engineering Ltd and Finolex Cables Ltd are considered. In order to achieve the
objectives data from journals, magazines, articles etc is taken. It was concluded that Badve
Engineering Pvt Ltd performs CSR activities related to health and also provide relief to
various calamity affected areas. Garware Polyster ltd indulges in activities relating to
health, sports, women empowerment and development of the rural areas. Suzlon energy
ltd is involved in health, livelihood, civic amenities, education and environment. Varroc
engineering is focusing on health, sports, conserving history, environment and education
relating activities. Lastly, Finolex cables takes part in CSR activities like cultural programs,
medical, sports, education, environment and safety initiatives and development of the rural
areas. It was concluded that the companies are taking part in various CSR activities but in
addition to these, companies should also include setting up to homes and hostels for Orphans,
Protection of National Heritage, measures for benefit of War Heroes and Widows along with
expanding their Geographical area.

Suhasini Shastri (2016), in dissertation on the study of CSR practices in Gujarat

industries, examinedthe scope of CSR in publicand private industries ofGujarat, attempted to
understand the governments perspective on CSR and to understand the concept of CSR from
legal and business point of view. The research was done on two different industries- GMDC
and Arvind Mills limited. Primary and Secondary data is collected in order to achieve
objectives. It was concluded that, majority of GMDC workers were very satisfied and had
positive changes in their lives after benefits provided to them by the organization. Majority of
the beneficiaries were satisfied with the health facility provided to them by the organization.
All the nearby villages were satisfied with the water facility provided to them by the
GMDC. As far as Arvind Mills Limited is concerned, they perform CSR activities at urban
as well as at rural level. For the poor and needy people in urban areas it started SHARDA trust
and for people in rural areas NLRDF. Both the trusts provide Education, Drawing
Competition Indoor and Outdoor Activities, Women Empowerment Awareness etc.
Researcher also found out that the Government of Gujarat has
developed Gujarat CSR Authority to educate and train CSR officials about policies.

Prashant Pandaya (2019), in the dissertation compared the CSR of public and private banks
of Gujarat. In this researcher studied CSR in banking sector. In order to get results data from
the year 2012- 13 to 2016- 17 is taken. This study was based on secondary data. The
researcher considered six basic parameters for the study- Children and Women, Health,
Education, Community Welfare and Environment. It was observed that, lending activity of bank
for MSME helps in generating employment, providing educational loans and subsidies or zero
interest loans which helps in supporting weaker sections of the society. Lending funds for
the purpose of agriculture is also apart of Corporate Social Responsibility norms.

Anoop Scaria (2019), in the dissertation on the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on
environment evaluated the awareness and motivation of the organization to comply with CSR.
The current status of CSR policy of India under Companies Act, critically evaluated the
performance of CSR policies of company on environment sustainability and computes the total
CSR spending of the companies in 2014, 2015 and 2016. In this research, companies like Avanti
Feeds limited, Grasim Bhivani Textile Limited, Kitex Garments limited, hero motorcop, Honda
Motor Cycle and Scooter India Pvt limited, Subros Limited, Gabriel India Limited, HDFC Bank,
Kotak Mahindra Bank, Karnataka Bank Limited, Tilaknagar Industries Limited, ACC Limited,
Ambuja Cement limited etc are considered. Companies from all the sectors are included. In
order to get results, Primary and Secondary data is taken from the year 2014- 15 till 2016- 17.
In order to analyze results, statistical tools like Correlation and t-test are used. The
researcher observed that the companies made various initiatives like keep Environment Safe,
Go Green, plant more trees etc. no matter what the size or goal of company is, all the
companies have been found implementing CSR activities in their business. On analyzing the
current status of CSR in Companies Act 2013, it was observed that there are some changes in
working and functioning of Indian businesses, which was very visible and lead to
deployment of CSR in the business activities. The researcher observed that many companies
carry out CSR activities in Environment Sustainability section my indulging with the local
people and NGO by cleaning localities and opening up Big Gardens, Theme Parks, and
introducing Eco Friendly Manufacturing Techniques. While observing the finances that are
spend on CSR activities by the companies, researcher saw that the amount of money spent on
CSR activities is increasing throughout due to the efforts made by the companies. The
contribution made by companies for CSR in 2016- 17 was around Rs 937800000 crores which
lead to construction of Solid Waste Management Units, Rainwater Harvesting Tanks, Planting
More Trees and spreading Awareness about segregation of Waste, Health and Hygiene.
 OBJECTIVE

1. To analyze the Corporate Social Responsibility policy of top public companies in India.
2. To analyze the Corporate Social Responsibility policy of top private companies in India.
3. The compare the CSR policy of Public and Private companies of India
 METHODOLOGY

In this research the performance of public and private companies will be analyzed on the basis
of their profitability. Along with this, policy of corporate social responsibilities of these
companies will be compared to see that which company is contributing the most to
society. Public companies like Indian oil, Bharat petroleum and State Bank of India will be
considered, as far as private companies are concerned, private companies like Reliance, Tata
and Infosys is taken into consideration. Data will be taken from their respective
websites, financial statements, newspapers, Journals, articles etc.
 DATA ANALYSIS

In this study, corporate social responsibility of public and private companies of India
are analyzed and compared. Private companies of India are major profit earning
organizations therefore along with public companies; they should also participate in CSR
activities.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF TOP PUBLIC
COMPANIES OF INDIA.
Public companies are the companies which are owned by the government of India or the
State Government. Public companies are government owned therefore is more focused on the
Welfare of the society, contributing more in CSR activities. For this study, top three public
companies like Indian Oil Corporation limited, Bharat Petroleum Limited and State Bank
of India are included in order to analyze their CSR policies and work done by them for the
society.

INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED

Indian oil being an Oil and Natural Gas Company has an effect on environment and society as a
whole therefore it becomes essential for the company to minimize the effect and take part in the
activities that help in protecting the Environment. Vision of Indian Oil Sustainability and
Corporate Social Responsibility is to operate its activities in providing energy solutions to the
customers in such away that it is Efficient, Safe and Ethical, and has less impact on
environment. Indian oil spends at least 2% of their net profits on CSR activities every year. In
order to protect the Environment, Installations in refineries are done so that Wastage and
pollution is minimized. Refineries are equipped with Effluent Treatment (ETP) like Tilted
Plate Interceptor, Dissolved Air Floatation, Bio Tower, and Activated Sludge Basins etc for
treating Oily waste water. In order to control Air Pollution, use of low Sulphur fuel oil is
done and NOx is minimized. In order to monitor the Emission carefully, online analyzers
have been installed in all refinery stacked and Central and State Government is also
provided with its online access. To protect Ecosystem, Indian oil indulges in Tree Planting
Activities flourishing Eco Parks, making Mini Bird Centuries etc.
According to the Annual Reports of 2020-21, Indian oil planned to spend Rs 68.38 crores
in Healthcare and Nutrition related projects in form of free LPG to BPL people, contribution
in construction of various Hospitals, Construction of First Aid Tourist Facilitation Centers
and other Health Care projects. In Education related projects, Indian Oil Corporation
contributed Rs 112.07 crores by indulging in activities like Construction of Science City,
running various Schools and Colleges and other education related projects. The company also
set aside Rs 68.77 crores for Skill Development programs like Construction of Skill
Development Academy, contribution towards CAPEX of skill development institute and other
skill development projects. to protect the people of society from Disaster and COVID 19
Pandemic, the company spent Rs 67.45 crores on 4000 Oxygen Cylinders, 12 Medical Grade
Oxygen Generation Units based on DRDO Technology, providing Ventilators and Monitors
along with establishing 100 ICU Bedding for COVID 19 patients. Indian oil also
contributed in Swatch Bharat Abhyan activities
and provided clean drinking water and planned to spend 35.33 crores. In order to motivate
young generation to take part in Sports, company planned to spend Rs 5.72 crores various Sports
Events like She wins, Construction of Sports Halls etc. In 2021, company spent Rs 460.37
crores on CSR activities. As of action plan of 2021, Indian Oil Corporation limited intended to
spend Rs 82.71 crore on the health and nutrition related projects like contribution in
eradication of TB, contribution in cancer care treatment, getting good equipments and
construction of hospitals. As far as education related projects are concerned, the company plans
to spend Rs 30.34 crores on the construction of new schools, residential area for student
and staff, Indian oil Vidushi scholarship scheme, Indian OilGyanodaya Scholarship and other
educational activities. Indian oil will be contributing Rs 17.42 crores in major skill
development projects and Rs 4.50 crores on sanitation and clean drinking water. The company
will also contribute Rs 3.70 crores for sports related activities and Rs 138.04 crores on other
CSR activities.

Contribution of Indian oil in various activities (in crores)

Other CSR initiatives of Indian Oil Corporation limited includes, Indian Oil Aarogyam where
four member committee consisting of a Doctor, a Nurse, Nursing Attender and a Driver treats
people in 3 major Refinery units. in order to help people going through a disability or Aids,
tricycles, wheel chairs, crutches, artificial hearing aids, artificial limbs etc are provided to people
across 21 states. Indian Oil Vidushi provides help to the girls from underprivileged sections of
the society to help them get in IITs, NITs, CETs etc by giving them specialized coaching, and
mentoring after class 12th so that they can crack JEE mains JEE advanced and other
major Central or State Engineering Examinations. Skill development Institute in Odisha was
also setup so that opportunities for the unemployed to enhance their skill are created. It consists
of batch of 240 students and offers 8 courses. Indian oil corporation also took part in
settingup Assam Oil Schoolofnursing,Assamoildivisionhospital,SwarnaJyantiSamudayik
HospitalUP, etc.
BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED

Bharat petroleum is another leading Public Company which deals in Oil and Natural gas
thus have major role in polluting the environment. The company aims in ensuring the
implementation of CSR activities and creating Opportunities for Employees to contribute in
CSR activities. The company undertakes its CSR activities based on the National
Priorities and Sustainable Development Goals. The key areas in which the companies
perform the social work are Heath and Sanitation, Education, Skill Development,
Environment Sustainability and Community Development. For Protecting the Environment
and Health of the Workers, it is ensured that Environment Conservation processes for Green
Fuel and Green Energy are followed in both the refineries of the company which are situated in
Mumbai and Kochi.

In order to promote Education andskill development the company startedvarious projects such
as project Samvata, Scholarship Programmes like Medhavi Vidhyarthi Puruskar and
Protsahan Rashi, setting up schools, Construction of Infrastructural facilities in
Schools, project Swavalamban for the purpose of Skill Development. For the purpose of rural
development and environmental Sustainability Bharat petroleum launched Project
Samriddhi which helped farmers to improve their livelihood. Activities like De-worming,
vaccination, Animal Health Camps, Calf Rallies and Services of Veterinary Doctors have
created awareness’ among the farmers. It motivated large number of young farmers to
adopt new techniques and training programs. Project Urvi was another initiative by the
company, in which water conservation was the main motive. In this, construction of Check
Dams Dug Out Ponds, Farm Ponds, Roof Top water harvesting etc was done. To promote
Sports, Project Lakshya is launched in which regular training is provided for games like
Wrestling, Chess, Athletics and Kabbadi. In order to promote Health, Hygiene and Sanitation
the company made VK BORL hospital with 30 beds, Laboratory, Pharmacy, 24 hour
Emergency, and x-ray facilities. ItalsolaunchesSwasthya Sewa Yojna under which free
Medical Assistance is provided to people living in villages who are above 55 years, pregnant
women and children below10 years. During COVID 19 it also donated PP kits, medical
equipment and in PM Relief fund. In order to ensure Hygiene and Sanitation, Bharat
Petroleum constructed toilets in 50 Government Schools and took part in Swatch
BharatAbhyaan activities.
CSR Contribution of Bharat Petrolium in various sector (in Lakhs)
According to the financial statements of the company as of 2021, BPCL had budget of Rs
166.73 crores for CSR. Throughout the year, company spend a lot of money on CSR activities
including, Rs 452.94 lakh on infrastructure for training in organic farming ,Rs 119.53 lakhs on
construction of high school building, Rs 345.08 on construction of Academy of Indian
Culture, Yoga and Management (AICYM) and Rs 456.37 lakh on providing medical equipment
for quality pediatric cardiac services.

STATE BANK OF INDIA (SBI)

State Bank of India is the largest financial institution of India. Not only does it contributes to
the GDP of the country but engages in various CSR activities. Some of the biggest
highlights of SBI’s contribution towards the society includes planting of more than 6.5 lakh
trees, setting up more than 3000 solar powered ATMs, training 4.5 lakh youths through
RSETIs, 26.33% of women employees, setting up Financial Literacy Camps, providing
loans to farmers, training employees etc. SBIs visions being the bank of choice to transform
India so its activities are devoted to achieving this. It performs the primary function of bank
not only for earning profits but for the benefit of society by providing loans like, Yono
Krishi Dairy loan, Stree Shakti Entrepreneur loan, Financing Polyhouse, Skill Loan Scheme,
Green Car Loan etc. in order to engage in CSR activities SBI focuses on areas like
Healthcare, Education, Skill Development, Environment, Protecting Heritage, Livelihood and
Women Empowerment. For the year 2021, the aim of the bank was to participate in those
activities that benefit the community development, Environment Sustainability and ability of
company to reach out to socially and economically disadvantaged sections of the society.
Most of the CSR activities were carried out in the slum part of rural and urban areas.
Donations are not made on the basis of Caste, Creed or Religion and bank also supports
various NGOs which work for uplifting weaker sections of the society. To fight against
COVID 19, bank allocated the amount of Rs 71 crores including the initiatives like
distributing Food, Ration Kits, PPEs, Masks, Oxygen Cylinders, creating COVID care
centers, Installing Oxygen Plants and Vaccination drives. In order to support women of the
society, SBI set up Bharosa Center in Telangana to help women and children suffering from
violence, Samaj Shakti society for providing toiletry equipments, Silver Lining Society to create
Residential and Educational Infrastructure for girls in NGOs etc. To support healthcare SBI
took part in construction of various hospitals and provided them with high quality equipments.
State Bank of India also contributed towards the education of weaker sections of society by
providing schools with science and Maths labs, Computers, Smart Classrooms and other
infrastructure. It also took part in Swatch Bharat Abhyan and Sanitation Activities, welfare of
Tribal people and animal welfare. In 1983, SBI started children welfare fund which was an
initiative of the staff. This was a big step towards the welfare of the orphans and
underprivileged members of the
society. Along with this SBI works for the welfare of people with disabilities and organize
sports activities for them. It was seen that SBI spend more on the development of rural and
urban areas. SBI spend Rs 204.10 crores for its CSR initiatives.

Financial Statement of SBI 2021

Contribution of Public Sector Companies as of 2023 (in crores)

 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR TOP
PRIVATE
COMPANIES OF INDIA

Private companies of India are those which are owned by the private individuals.
These companies play a very important role in development of India because these companies
are one of the top companies of the world and highest profit earning companies in India. For
this study, CSR activities of top three private companies will be analyzed including
Reliance Industries Limited, TATA group and Infosys.

RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LIMITED

Reliance industry is the biggest business house of India with various branches and it is one of
the top contributors in CSR. Reliance Industries have Reliance foundation which only works for
the betterment of the society. Reliance Industries Ltd with the help of Reliance
Foundation contributes and makes progress towards its vision of an inclusive India. This
foundation is currently focusing on Rural transformation, Health, Education, Sports, Disaster
Management, arts & culture and urban renewal. It focuses on contributing to the wellbeing of
the people by introducing sustainable measures and providing assistance for the
organization. For the development of community infrastructure and protection of
environment, water conservation techniques have been used and Community Halls,
Schools, and Health Care Centers are constructed in many locations. Along with this
various environment protections drives are organized were trees are planted and lands are
converted into major Green Zones. Along with providing financial support to people and
construction of new school buildings, Reliance also organizes skill development and
income generating programmes for the people of local communities. Under Reliance
group, various programmes are introduced including women & Youth Empowerment
Programmes, Reliance Community Programmes, Project Jagruti for dyslectic students and
Reliance Dhirubhai Ambani Protsahan Scheme. Reliance works actively in healthcare sector.
It started Reliance Primary Health Care, Reliance employee Health care services, Reliance
HIV therapy Center and Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital. According to financial statements of the
year 2021, Reliance setup capacity of 2000+ beds for COVID care, distributed more than 8.5
crore meals, more than 2,00,000 gloves, more than 1.7 crore Masks etc. Reliance
is now finding ways of decarburization in order to protect the environment. The company
is transforming itself from solar modules and batteries to hydrogen fuel cells. New O2C net
zero plan has been introduced by the company with six strategies including, improving
energy efficiency, energy transition to clean and green renewable energy from fossil fuels,
repurposing of petcoke gasification steams to utilize syngas for producing chemicals
and hydrogen, producing syngas on a renewable basis through biomas gastification, using
CO2 as a recyclable source and generating carbon credits and using them to offset hard-to-abate
emissions. As per the reports Reliance contributed Rs 1140 crores which was the highest
contribution in CSR of a company in India.

TATA GROUP

Tata group is also one of the biggest and oldest business house of India. They endeavor to
protect their stakeholders and people of the society by focusing on four major areas for CSR
Livelihood, Health, Education and Environment. TATA group follows 10 core principles of
CSR, which includes beyond compliance, Impactful, linked to business, relevant to
national and local contexts, sustainable development principles, participative and bottom
up,focused on the disadvantaged, strategic and build to last, partnerships and opportunities
for volunteering. To cope up with climate change, Tata group adopted low carbon
strategies. For healthier India, Aarogya program was launched by the group under which
600 malnutrition children receive nutritional supplements and their Clinical and Psychological
needs are fulfilled. In FY 21, more than 600 children are now healthy. In order to make sure
that no person in India should remain unvaccinated; Tata motors deployed fully equipped
vaccination vans which were transported even in the rural areas to ensure that each and
every person is vaccinated. It also collaborated with the government agencies to make sure
that vaccinations are available everywhere. Indian education system is one of the largest
education systems but after COVID 19 pandemic it became difficult for everyone to have
access to schools and colleges. So Tata, by working with it take holders took unconventional
routes and took education to digital platforms so that it is accessible to everyone.
Engineering and NEET admission bridge accelerated learning engagement (ENABLE) is
an initiative of Tata which enables e learning and proving coaching for the students of class
11th and 12th across the country to appear for JEE and NEET exam. As of FY21, Tata helped
over 3400 students to get admissions in India’s top engineering and medical colleges out
of which 40% are women. The company also launched free coaching in Jamshedpur for
under privileges students and students from backward sections of the society. During COVID
19 pandemic, when education became a challenge for students, Tata organized free online
coaching services. In FY 2019-2020, despite of COVID19 challenge various students scored
over 80% marks. In order to provide skill to the women of rural areas, company organized
Kaushalya’s sewing Machine operator programmes, helping women to acquire new skill so that
there is no need for them to compete men in work. In order to promote girl child education,
Tata organized awareness programmes in which parents of girl is educated on the
importance of
education and they are enrolled in schools and colleges. For the conservation of
environment, Tata motors planted 1 lakh trees per year and for future that target on planting 5
to7 lakh saplings per year. According to Financial Statement of 2021, Tata spend Rs 4.59crore
on Health Aarogya, Rs 8.49 crore on education Vidhyadhanam, Rs 3.44 crore on employability
Kaushalaya, Rs 1.23 crore on environment Vasundhara, Rs 2.49 crore on rural employment, Rs
3.15 crore on COVID response and a total of Rs 406crores and providing help to 791298 people.

INFOSYS

Infosys is leading information Technology Company which consists of over 314015 employees
out of which 39.6% of employees are women. To cope up with climate change, company
reduced scope1 and 2 GHG emissions by 48.9%, and as far as water conservation is
concerned, 100% wastewater generated was recycled. In order to work on eradication of
hunger, poverty, malnutrition and working for health care, Infosys works directly with NGOs
to provide good meal, organizing nutritional related programs in school and other institutions.
It also works with medical and health care organizations, to provide short term and long
term help. Infosys collaborates directly with NGOs to provide good primary, secondary and
higher education to students living in the backward areas and making school and colleges
accessible to them.
Training and skill enhancement programs are organized for the people living in rural areas
so that they can upgrade their skill and get employment. It ensures gender equality,
women empowerment, environment sustainability and national art, culture and heritage
protection. Infosys focused on healthcare, water, sanitation, education, employability,
livelihood enhancement, environment sustainability, armed forces veteran welfare and rural
development for CSR activities. In financial year 2023, company spends 344.91crores on CSR
activities

Contribution of private sector companies in CSR activities (in crores)

 COMPARISON OF CSR POLICIES OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
COMPANY

Due to rules and regulations of Company Act 2013, companies are bound to spend 2% of
their net profit on CSR activities. While analyzing the CSR activities of public companies like
Indian oil, Bharat Petroleum and SBI and private companies like reliance industries limited,
Tata and Infosys it was observed that all the companies contribute a lot in sectors like
education, environment, health, development of the skill and Sports. Government companies
such as Indian oil contributed Rs 460.37 crores, Bharat Petroleum contributed Rs 166.73
crores and SBI spent Rs 204.10 crores on CSR. Therefore, out of government companies ’
contribution of Indian Oil Corporation of India was maximum in CSR activities. As far as
Private companies are concerned, Reliance spent Rs 1140 crores, Tata Motors contributed Rs
406 crores and Infosys contributed 344.91 crores in CSR activities as of financial year 2021.
Out of private companies contribution of Reliance Corporation was highest and this is due to
high income of the organization. All the companies took active part in Swatch Bharat
Abhyaan and organized various programmes, events and scholarship schemes. There were
few areas in which some of the public companies were focusing like welfare of tribal people,
animal welfare and welfare of the disabled, being the point of advantage for the public
companies and private on the other side did not focus alot on these areas. It was also observed
that private companies were more focused on the areas in which they are operating whereas
public companies were working throughout the country. Least contribution in CSR
activities is of Infosys group so it should take necessary steps to improve it in near future. It
was also observed that some of the companies like Indian Oil and Reliance plans ahead of
what CSR activities will be carried out and how much amount will they spend on it, it creates a
better view of what decisions will be made in future.
 CONCLUSION

From the above study we can conclude that both Public and private companies are
actively taking part in Corporate Social Responsibility activities. From public company
Indian Oil showed the highest participation whereas from Private companies Reliance
Corporation showed maximum participation. Overall participation of reliance industries was
maximum due to its high net profits. All the companies engaged in contributing more in health
care, helping in COVID 19 Pandemic, Education, Skill Development, sports, development
of rural areas and women
empowerment. There are some areas which need more attention like welfare of
tribal people, animal welfare, reducing emission of chemicals in air and water etc.
 REFRENCES

Shilpa Kulkarni (2014), “Comparative Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility

Practices Across Africa and India-An Automobile Industry Prospective”, Social and
Behavioral Science 157 (2014).

Phunbubpha Thiengnoi (2009), “ A Comparative Analysis of CSR Strategies,

Implementation and Outcomes-A qualitative case study of IKEA, Starbucks and H&M”,
retrieved from Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT

Mamta Mishra (2016), “A comparative Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility of

Selected Manufacturing Companies.” Retrieved from International Journal of New
Innovations in Engineering and Technology.

Anoop Scaria (2019), “Mandatory Corporate social responsibility and its impact
on environmental sustainability a study on selected Indian Companies”

Suhasini Shastri (2016), “Study of Corporate Social Responsibility CSR practices in

selected industries of Gujarat.”

Prashant Pandaya (2019), “A comparative study of corporate social responsibility of

selected public sector banks and private sector banks with special references to Gujarat state”

Monumita Acharyya (2014), “ Role of Corporate social responsibility in social and

ethical performance”

Venkata Ramkrishna Rao (2016), “Corporate Social Responsibility in banking sector a

study with special reference to selected public sector banks in north coastal districts Andhra
Pradesh.”

Swathi (2021), “Impact of corporate social responsibility initiatives.”

Emily (2011), “A Comparative Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility in

Commercial Banks: Case study from the United States and the United Kingdom” derived
from Duquesne Scholarship Collection, Duquesne University.
Deepmala Pal (2022), “A comparative Study of Corporate Social Responsibility in NTPC
and Reliance Industry Limited”, retrieved International Journal of Creative Research
Thoughts, Volume 10, Issue 5.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://iocl.com/

https://www.bharatpetroleum.in/
https://sbi.co.in/
https://www.ril.com/
https://www.tata.com/

https://www.infosys.com/
https://thecsrjournal.in/

https://www.csr.gov.in