NORTH CENTRAL MINDANAO COLLEGE Grade Level

School 12
Teacher Leizl Jean M. Partosa Learning Area PHYSICAL SCI
Teaching Quarter
Dates and April 22, 2024 1
Time
I.OBJECTIVES

A. Content Standard

B. Performance Standard

C. Learning Competency/Objectives The Learners:

 recognize the major categories of biomolecules, such as
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; and
 explain the functions of lipids in the processes of life.
D. Specific Objectives At the end of the lesson 85% of the students must:


II. CONTENT Lipids

Topic/Title:
III. LEARNING RESOURCES

A. References QUIPPER

Teacher’s Guide pages

Learner’s Materials pages
Text book pages
Additional Materials from Learning Resource (LR)portal

B. Other Learning Resource

IV. PROCEDURES
Teaching Strategy: 7es
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
Preliminaries
1. Prayer
Who is our prayer leader for today? (says the name of their classmate)
(prayer) (prayer)
2. Greetings
“God Bless You Class” “God Bless you Ma’am Leizl”

3. Energizer
To energize our day, let’s all have an energizer
dance. “Roll your hands”
 4. Checking of the Environment
Before you sit down, please pick up the pieces of
paper, candy wrappers, and all the trash you see
around and under your chair, and throw them in
the trash can. Also, arrange your chairs properly.
Lastly, keep everything unrelated to our subject
inside your bag. Everybody is present Ma’am
5. Checking of Attendance
Who is absent today?
Very Good!

6. Classroom Settings.
S – observe Silence
R- Respect each other.
P – Pay attention.

Lesson Proper

A. ELICIT
Active Review

Yesterday, Ma’am Angelyn introduced to you the

biomolecules and you had discussed one category of
biomolecules which is carbohydrates.

Who can give a short summary of your discussion Ma’am biomolecules are molecules that are produced by a living
yesterday? organism.

Excellent!

What more? Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids are biomolecules.

Yes, Very Good!

Any other?
Yesterday, Ma’am, we talked about Carbohydrates, one of the
categories of biomolecules.
Good! Please give me information about Carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates is a class of inorganic compounds that serve as the
main source of energy in all organisms. It contains carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen molecules.
Carbohydrates can be classified as monosaccharide which is simple
sugar, disaccharide which are made up of two simple sugars and
polysaccharide which made up of the chains or branches of
monosaccharide.
B. ENGAGE

Activity 2: Guess the Zoom Picture.

Before I formally introduce our main topic for this morning.

We will have a game that is related to our topic.
Our game is for this morning is entitled “Guess the zoomed
picture”. The mechanics of the game are:
1. Look at the picture carefully.
2. Write down the name of the food. The name
should be correct spelling.
3. There are two rounds: easy and difficult.

Reminder, the person with the most points wins the game.

Are you ready class? Yes Ma’am.

Easy Round.

(Raise hand)

1. Ma’am, it is Avocado

Very Good! How about picture #2.

Ma’am. I think its cheese

2.

Correct. How about #3.

Ma’am. It is chocolate.

3.

Right! How about # 4.

Ma’am! Fish (in chorus).

4.
Are you sure? Anyone? Ma’am it’s Salmon.

Correct. How about # 5.

Ma’am it’s Cheese.

5.
Are you sure? Any guess? Ma’am. It is butter.
Very Good! Now. Let’s proceed to the difficult round.

Ma’am honey.

1. Ma’am, Fish oil.

Are you sure? Anyone?

Ma’am. Nuts.

2.

Ma’am, Sausage

3.

Ma’am, Whipped cream.

4.

Ma’am. Egg and bread

5.

Very Good!
It’s looks like you enjoyed our game for this morning class. Yes ma’am
Did you enjoy the game?

Very good!
Now, listen I want you to listen, pay attention as we go
along our discussion so that at the end of the lesson, we
can achieve the following objectives: Let us all read
together.

1. recognize the major categories of biomolecules,

such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids; and
2. explain the functions of lipids in the processes of
life.
Ma’am, foods rich in and fats.
Now, what have you observed in the picture shown in our
game?
Very Good! Those pictures are examples of food that are
rich in fats.

So, what do you think is our lesson this morning?

Thank you, Marlon, for your guess. You have somehow the
idea but our lesson for today is about the (everybody “LIPIDS.
read).

EXPLORE
Activity 2
Now this time, we will have another activity. I will group
you into three (3) groups. Each group will be assigned in
different task.
For Group 1: I have here an envelope containing letters
and a jigsaw puzzle. All you have to do is to assemble the
right words as well as to assemble the picture correctly.

For Group 2: Word Search Puzzle. In circle the words that

you found in the puzzle.

For Group 3: Identify the words below either it is saturated

and unsaturated.
1. Beef
2. Nuts Answer Key:
3. pork
4. tuna 1. Saturated
5. beef fat (tallow) 2. Unsaturated
6. cheese 3. Saturated
7. avocados 4. Unsaturated
8. ice cream 5. Saturated
9. seeds 6. Saturated
10. lard and cream 7. Unsaturated
I will give you 5 minutes to finish this activity. 8. Saturated
Times up! 9. Unsaturated
Pass all your paper. Finish or not finish. 10. Saturated
  EXPLAIN

Now, let’s discuss LIPIDS, are large, nonpolar

biomolecules. They are mainly composed of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen. Unlike proteins, nucleic acids, and
carbohydrates, lipids do not have a repeating basic
structure.
Lipids are more recognized through their physical
characteristics rather than what their basic structure is.

Lipids has 4 types of Lipids; anyone can guess what is the

three subgroups of lipids?
Ma’am, I think triglycerides, steroids, phospholipids and waxes.
Alright! Very good! the 4 types of lipids are triglycerides,
steroids, phospholipids and waxes.

Now. What is triglycerides class? Do you have an idea?

Very Good! Triglycerides are lipids composed of fatty acids

and glycerol. These are nonpolar molecules and do not Ma’am, Triglycerides are a type of fat commonly found in the body.
dissolve in polar solvents such as water.

These compounds, when found in animals, are termed as

fats. Triglycerides in plants, on the other hand, are termed
as oils.
Triglyceride Structure
Triglycerides are produced when glycerol reacts with fatty
acids via condensation.

Glycerol is a molecule with three carbons, each

containing a hydroxyl (−OH) group.

Fatty acid is a long chain of carbon atoms that ends with

a carboxyl (−COOH) group. When three fatty acids bond to
glycerol, they form ester bonds.

Fatty acid are straight chain organic acids. Usually

contain even number of carbon atoms. Can be saturated
(contain one bond) or unsaturated (contain one or more
double bonds).

Now, do you have idea what is unsaturated?

Correct! Unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting

points than the saturated fatty acids. Unsaturated fats are
part of a heart-healthy diet. Foods to eat
include avocados, olives, nuts, seeds, fatty fish, dark
chocolate, and oils such as olive,
canola, and soybean Ma’am unsaturated contain one or more double bonds atoms.

Very good. Now, what is Saturated fatty acids?

Correct! Saturated fats are found in animal-based

foods like beef, pork, poultry, full-fat dairy products
and eggs and tropical oils like coconut, and
palm. Because they are typically solid at room
temperature, they are sometimes called “solid fats.”

Functions of Triglycerides Ma’am saturated fatty acids are contain one bond atoms.
Triglycerides are notable for two very important
functions. The first function is related to energy.
Triglycerols are important storage for fatty acids, which
are used as an energy source. The release of fatty acids is
performed by enzymes known as lipases. These fatty
acids and enzymes are stored in animal fat cells known as
the adipocytes.
 Adipocytes also serve this function. In addition,
these cells can also serve as cushioning for
internal organs.
 Lipases are a family of enzymes that break down
triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol.

Waxes are lipids that are produced by both plants and
animals. Structurally, they are also related to the
triglycerides because of the presence of fatty acids.

The Structure of Waxes

Waxes are lipids that are formed from the condensation
reaction of a fatty acid and a long-chain alcohol. This
produces an ester bond between the –COOH group of the
fatty acid and the –OH group of the alcohol. These are
nonpolar substances that have many different functions in
the organisms that produce them.

The Functions of Waxes

Plants often produce wax that coats their leaves and

prevents them from drying out. Animals such as bees also
produce wax. Bees create their honeycomb structures from
beeswax. Other animals also use waxes. Some birds,
especially those in aquatic areas, have wax-coated feathers
for repelling water. Some waxes can also be found in the
skin as a form of lubrication

In other words, Waxes are valuable to both plants and

animals because of their hydrophobic nature. This makes
them water resistant, which prevents water from sticking
on surfaces.
Now let’s talk about phospholipids. Who has an idea what
is phospholipids? Anyone?

Very good! Phospholipids are lipids that contain phosphate

groups and are biologically very important molecules.
The Structure of Phospholipids
A phospholipid is composed of a phosphate “head”
which is hydrophilic, and a fatty acid “tail” which is
hydrophobic. This property of phospholipids is significant
since these are usually found as layers, with one side
being hydrophilic and the other side as hydrophobic.

Do you know what is hydrophilic class? Ma’am phospholipids is a type of lipid molecule that is the main
Class when we say hydrophilic a molecule that “loves component of the cell membrane.
water”; it is attracted to water molecules and can usually
dissolve in water.
How about the hydrophobic, what does it mean?
Anyone? Do you have idea?

Very Good! Hydrophobic a molecule that “hates water”; it

is not attracted to water, but will usually dissolve in oils or
fats.
The Functions of Phospholipids
One of the most important functions of phospholipids in
organisms is its ability to form layers. In fact, the cell
membrane is composed of two layers of phospholipids
known as a bilayer. The hydrophilic heads face away from
each other in this bilayer, whereas the hydrophobic tails
Ma’am, we don’t have idea.
face inward. This allows fluidity of the membrane and a
selective permeability that lets a select number of
molecules into the cell
Steroids
Steroids are lipids without fatty acid chains. Instead, they (students confused).
have multiple rings in their structures. Ma’am I think water-hating.
The Structure of Steroids
Steroids are lipids without fatty acid chains. It came from
the Greek word stereos meaning solid. They have
multiple rings in their structures. They are built from the
basic four-ring steroid structure, composed of three six-
membered rings and one five-membered ring. Some
steroids have hydroxyl groups that help balance their
solubility in water.
The Functions of Steroids
Steroids have an important role in growth, development,
energy metabolism, homeostasis and reproduction.
One of the most studied steroids is the dietary lipid
cholesterol.
 Cholesterol is a sterol, because it has a hydroxyl
group attached to the steroid ring, and is a vital
precursor of hormones such as estrogen and
progesterone.
 Testosterone, on the other hand, is the main
hormone found in males. It plays significant roles
like the development of secondary male
characteristics and the regulation of
spermatogenesis.
 Estradiol is an estrogen hormone and plays
significant functions in females, like the
development of secondary female characteristics
and signaling changes necessary for reproduction.

The Functions of Lipids

 Energy- Lipids are the reserved sources of
energy. The energy stored in their bonds is used
by the body as fuel. When the energy is abundant,
the cells store the excess energy in the fatty acids
of triglycerides. In animals, as mentioned earlier,
these are stored in the fat cells known as the
adipocytes. Groups of these cells make up fatty
tissues.
 Coating-Lipids like waxes are used as a protective
coating of organisms. Because they are
hydrophobic, lipids protect plants and animals from
drying out by controlling evaporation.
 The Cell Membrane-The cell membrane is made
up of a phospholipid bilayer, which is made up
of two layers of lipids. This bilayer performs many
functions essential to the normal life of a cell.
 Hormones and Vitamins- Many hormones found
in both plants and animals are made up of lipids.
Many essential vitamins are also made up of lipids.
A notable hormone is testosterone, which is the
major hormone of male animals. Another is
estrogen, which is the hormone notably found in
significant amounts in females. Cortisol is another
hormone that plays significant roles in the body
such as blood sugar regulation and stress
response.
The most common fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins A, D,
E, and K. Vitamin A which plays a role in the maintenance
of many body tissues. Water-soluble vitamins, on the other
hand, are soluble in water. These vitamins, when taken in
excess, are merely excreted from the body.
That’s all our topic today. Do you have any question
/clarification?

C. ELABORATE

Now let’s have another group activity. I want you to count

one-to-three.

For Group 1: You will complete the make a Venn diagram,

compare the steroids and waxes.

For Group 2. I want you to create a poster illustrating the

structure and function of different types of lipids.
(Triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes and steroids.).

For Group 3. Make a song or rap about Lipids. The lyrics

should include information about the types of lipids, their
structure, and their role in our body.

Reminder, that this is a team effort, so whatever the score

of your group will be the same with the rest of the
member. Did you understand? Yes. Ma’am.
You have 10 minutes to finish the activity and perform it in
front and 5 minutes for critiquing. (Students do as told)

Generalization

Making generalizations and abstractions about the activity.

Summary of the Lesson:

Ma’am Lipids perform functions both within the body and in food.
1. What are the most important things about lipids to Within the body, lipids function as an energy reserve, regulate
human life? hormones, transmit nerve impulses, cushion vital organs, and
transport fat-soluble nutrients.
LIPIDS

Lipids are fatty compounds that perform a variety of

functions in your body. They're part of your cell
membranes and help control what goes in and out of your
cells. They help with moving and storing energy, absorbing
vitamins and making hormones. Having too much of some
lipids is harmful.
 D. EVALUATE

Directions: Identify the terms being described by each

statement below.
1. These are types of lipids composed of fatty acids
and glycerol? 1. Triglyceride
2. These are lipids commonly found in plants and are
usually liquid at room temperature? 2. Unsaturated fats
3. These are lipids commonly found in animals and
are usually solid at room temperature?
4. This is a molecule with three carbons, each 3. Fat
containing a hydroxyl (−OH) group, which forms
the backbone of triglycerides? 4. Glycerol
5. This is a long chain of carbon atoms that ends with
a carboxyl (−COOH) group? 5. carboxylic acid
6. These are lipids that are made from the reaction
between a fatty acid and a long chain of alcohol?
7. These are lipids characterized by fused rings in 6. waxes
their structure?
8. These types of cells store fats in animals? 7. steroids
9. This structure of lipids is formed in cell membranes
which regulates membrane properties? 8. adipose
10. This is the major hormone of male animals?
9. phospholipid bilayer
Who got the perfect score? Please pass your paper so that
I record your score. 10. testosterone

E. EXTEND

What is one new piece of information you have learned in

today's lesson? Write your reflection in your science
notebook to be shared tomorrow.
F. REMARKS

G. REFLECTION

Prepared by: Checked by:

Leizl Jean M. Partosa Queennie Lo T. Fuentes

Mentee Mentor