Anatomy 2 Chapter 14 Quiz Review

45 - ANSWER-The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of human blood is

normally about ______ percent.

Hematocrit - ANSWER-___________ is the percent of red blood cells in a blood

sample.

•Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

•White blood cells (leukocytes)
•Platelets (thrombocytes) - ANSWER-What three cells make up the "formed elements"
of blood.

True - ANSWER-True or false...blood volume can vary due to body size, amount of
adipose tissue, and changes in electrolyte and fluid concentrations.

False.... red blood cells do - ANSWER-True or false...white blood cells make up the
largest percentage of the "formed elements."

Red blood cell - ANSWER-_______ ________ _________ have biconcave discs and
lack a nuclei when they are mature.

monocytes and lymphocytes - ANSWER-Name white bloood cells that are categorized
as being agranulocytes

white blood cells - ANSWER-What blood cell count normally falls in the range of 4,500
to 10,000 cells per microliter of blood?

platelets or thrombocytes - ANSWER-____________ are cytoplasmic fragments of cells

(megakaryocytes to be specific).

•Hemocytoblast
•Erythroblast
•Reticulocyte
•Erythrocyte - ANSWER-What is the correct sequence for differentiation of a red blood
cell in the red bone marrow?
Lymphocytes - ANSWER-A primary function of ____________ is to provide immunity.

Intrinsic factor - ANSWER-Vitamin B12 is poorly absorbed in the absence of _________

_________.

Greenish; orange - ANSWER-Biliverdin and bilirubin are pigments that result from the
breakdown of red blood cells. Biliverdin is ______ in color and bilirubin is ______ in
color.

•Neutrophils
•Eosinophils
•Basophils
•Monocytes - ANSWER-Which 4 of the 5 white blood cells descend from a myeloid stem
cell?

True - ANSWER-True or false... Heme released from hemoglobin in aged red blood
cells is decomposed in the liver into iron and the bile pigment biliverdin, which is
eventually converted to bilirubin.

platelets - ANSWER-Which of the three "formed elements" releases serotonin that can
result of vasospasm.

neutrophils - ANSWER-Which of the white blood cells is first to arrive at infection site
and functions to phagocytize small particles?

Heparin - ANSWER-_________ prevents blood clotting by inhibiting the formation of

prothrombin activator and the action of thrombin on fibrinogen.

Deoxyhemoglobin - ANSWER-An increased concentration of _______________ will

result in cyanosis.

Sickle cell disease - ANSWER-_________ ________ __________ is a result of genetic

mutation that results in the bending of red blood cells into an abnormal shape.

hydroxyurea - ANSWER-_____________ treats sickle cell disease by activating

production of a form of hemoglobin that is normally produced only in the fetus enables
red blood cells to reach the lungs where fresh oxygen can restore their shape.
iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER-_________ _________ _________ is a form of
anemia caused by a lack of a specific mineral in your diet that is required for
hemoglobin synthesis.

True - ANSWER-True or false... Genotyping differs from serology in that serology

detects diverse antigens, whereas genotyping detects the underlying genetic
instructions for those antigens.

Antibodies - ANSWER-B cells produce ___________ which are proteins that attack
foreign molecules.

pus - ANSWER-When bacteria, leukocytes, and damaged cells accumulate in inflamed

tissue, a thick fluid called ________ forms.

diapedesis - ANSWER-___________ is the movement of white blood cells out of the

circulation into the interstitial tissues.

Bright red; bluish - ANSWER-Oxyhemoglobin is ______ in color, whereas

deoxyhemoglobin is ______ in color.

seratonin - ANSWER-Blood vessel spasms following an injury are stimulated by

__________ released from platelets.

Leukemia - ANSWER-In _____________ the blood has too many immature leukocytes,
the person has a lowered resistance to infection, and the blood has too few platelets.

Erythropoietin - ANSWER-Athletes abuse ______________ because it increases the

red blood cell supply, which brings more oxygen to muscle cells.

Decreased - ANSWER-Tea results in a(n) _________ amount of iron absorbed from

food.

Tannic acid - ANSWER-_________ _________ is the substance in tea that binds iron,
reducing the amount that is absorbed.

True - ANSWER-True or false...blood platelets form from megakaryocytes, release the

hormone serotonin, and typically number from 150,000 to 450,00 per microliter of blood.

Nonprotein nitrogenous substances - ANSWER-Amino acids, urea, and creatinine are

all forms of _________ __________ ____________.
True - ANSWER-True or false...as a result of starvation or a protein-deficient diet, blood
protein concentration decreases and water accumulates in tissue spaces

deep vein thrombosis - ANSWER-Prolonged periods of staying still in one position, use
of oral contraceptives or HRT, and dehydration are all risk factors for ________
________ ___________.

Alpha, beta - ANSWER-________ and ________ globulins are both plasma proteins
that are synthesized in the liver and transport lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.

Edema - ANSWER-Tissues swelling with fluid is known as _____________.

Electrolytes - ANSWER-Bicarbonate, magnesium, chloride, and potassium ions are all

_____________ that are found in the blood plasma.

False - ANSWER-True or false...the plasma protein albumin is required for the formation
of a blood clot.

True - ANSWER-True or false...a major difference in serum and plasma is that plasma
contains fibrinogen, while serum does not.

Thrombus - ANSWER-A blood clot that forms abnormally in a blood vessel is known as
a(n) _______________.

Prothrombin time - ANSWER-____________ ___________ is a blood test used to

evaluate the extrinsic clotting mechanism.

Pulmonary embolism - ANSWER-A(n) ______________ ____________ is most likely

caused by a clot reaching the lungs via a pulmonary artery.

Platelets - ANSWER-Thrombocytopenia is due to a deficiency of ________________.

Serotonin - ANSWER-As a platelet plug forms, platelets release ___________ resulting

in vasospasm.

Extrinsic - ANSWER-The release of tissue thromboplastin initiates the _____________

clotting mechanism.
Fibrinogen; fibrin - ANSWER-The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the
change of ___________ to ______________.

thrombin - ANSWER-The final step in the formation of a blood clot is that __________
converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

Vitamin K - ANSWER-What vitamin is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin?

Petechiae - ANSWER-Thrombocytopenia is a condition of too few clotting cells and

results in easy bruising and multiple small, bruise-like spots on the skin known as
_______________.

Antigens A and B - ANSWER-What antigen(s) is/are found on the surfaces of the RBCs
of type AB blood?

AB - ANSWER-The most rare ABO blood type in the US is __________.

True - ANSWER-True or false... Korean Americans have about equal frequency of types
O, A, and B, with 10% AB, whereas Native Americans have mostly type O, with type AB
very rare.

•Erythroblastosis fetalis - ANSWER-____________ ___________ may occur in a

second Rh-positive fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman. The woman produces
Anti-D antibodies which break down the RBCs in the fetus.

15; 5 - ANSWER-______ percent of Caucasians and ______ percent of African

Americans are Rh negative.

A; AB - ANSWER-A person with type A blood can successfully donate blood to persons
having one of what two blood types?

any of the four blood types - ANSWER-A person with type AB blood can successfully
receive blood from a person with what blood type(s)?

universal recipient - ANSWER-Type AB

Universal precautions - ANSWER-_________ ___________ are specific measures that

health-care workers should take to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens in the
workplace.
Leukemia - ANSWER-Stacy has been tired and bruising easily, and she's had three
respiratory infections in the past few months. She has also had headaches and a few
nosebleeds. A physician should check her for ______________.

Deep vein thrombosis - ANSWER-On a long transcontinental flight, a middle-aged man

gets up and exercises in the aisle, moving his hands, feet, arms, and legs as much as
he can. The condition he is most likely trying to prevent is ________ ________
___________

albumins - ANSWER-Plasma ___________ function in helping to maintain colloid

osmotic pressure.

basophils - ANSWER-__________ usually account for the smallest percentage of

leukocytes in a blood sample (think about our lab on Thursday...which was hardest to
find).

iron - ANSWER-__________ is a mineral that is included in hemoglobin

molecules...deficiency of it can be a problem.

dissolving of blood clots - ANSWER-Urokinase and streptokinase are two substances

that are useful in accomplishing what?

false... it is connective tissue - ANSWER-True or false...blood is a type of epithelial

tissue.

•False...mature red blood cells typically lack a nucleus - ANSWER-True or false...a red
blood cell contains a large nucleus; it is thicker near the center and thin around the rim
of the cell.

•False...Vitamin B12 required for DNA synthesis...intrinsic factor must be present for
Vitamin B12 to be absorbed - ANSWER-True or false...Vitamin B12 is important for the
production of red blood cells because it is utilized in the synthesis of intrinsic factor.

True - ANSWER-True or false...plasma contains fibrinogen while serum does not.

Type O - ANSWER-universal donor

False... they are called universal acceptor - ANSWER-True or false...persons with type
AB blood are sometimes called universal donors.
Red bone marrow - ANSWER-In an adult, RBCs are produced primarily in the _______
______ ______.

Erythropoietin - ANSWER-The hormone _________ released by the kidneys promotes

the production of red blood cells.

•B12 - ANSWER-Vitamin _____ is important for the production of red blood cells
because it is utilized in the synthesis of DNA.

Biliverdin - ANSWER-When hemoglobin molecules are decomposed, a greenish

pigment called ___________ is formed.

neutrophils - ANSWER-___________ is normally the most common type of leukocyte in

a blood sample.

leukopenia - ANSWER-___________ is an abnormally white blood cell count.

differential - ANSWER-The test in which the percentages of various types of leukocytes

in a blood sample is determined is the _________ white blood cell count.

albumin - ANSWER-The most abundant type of plasma protein is _____________.

hemostasis - ANSWER-_____________ is the term used to describe the stoppage of

bleeding by any one of several means.

embolus - ANSWER-A(n) __________ is a clot that breaks lose and travels in the blood
flow.

agglutination - ANSWER-The clumping of red blood cells that occurs when transfused
blood is of an incompatible type is called ______________.