2.

0 Literature Review
The hydraulic engine lift is the most used type of engine crane. A hydraulic hoist is the most
cost-effective engine crane due to its simplicity. The main components of a hydraulic engine
lift are an adjustable arm, hydraulic jack, frame, and legs. The hook at the end of the crane
arm is used to attach a chain to the power source, while the arm itself comes in a variety of
lengths and carrying capabilities (Lad, 2020). The hydraulic engine hoist has an arm that may
be raised and lowered with the help of a hydraulic jack that is pumped using a bar. The
hydraulic jack's pressure is released to bring the arm down.
The earliest cranes, which required the might of men or beasts of burden like a donkey to
move, were constructed by the ancient Greeks in the sixteenth century. These cranes' wooden
frames put to work erecting skyscrapers. Later, more enormous cranes were invented, and
these advanced machines replaced humans' use of tread wheels to raise greater loads. Cranes
have been operated manually for centuries despite the progress made in hydraulic technology.
French mathematician Blaise Pascal, who worked on hydraulic cranes in the 15th century,
investigated fluid hydrodynamics and hydrostatics and developed a new understanding of
hydraulic principles, including fluid density, pressure, and incompressibility. The first modern
cranes for loading cargo were constructed in harbours at the start of the industrial revolution.
A hydraulic water-powered crane was the idea of Sir William Armstrong, an early
industrialist and entrepreneur, in 1838.In his invention, a pressurised fluid was utilised to
lower a ram housed in a closed cylinder. That's why there's a valve on the cylinder to control
how much fluid is sucked in in relation to the weight of the crane (Tadesse et al., 2017).
The lever
In a balance crane, the horizontal beam that serves as the lever pivots around a centre known
as the fulcrum. By using a smaller force directed in the opposite direction to the longer end of
the beam, the lever's basic design enables a heavy load attached to the shorter end of the
beam to be raised. The mechanical advantage is determined by dividing the weight of the
load by the applied force, which is equal to the ratio of the lengths of the longer and shorter
arms.
The pulley,
A stationary pulley block is supported by a slanted strut (the jib) that is part of a jib crane.
Multiple cable wraps are made around the fixed block and another block that is attached to
the load. The pulley system applies a force to the load when the free end of the cable is pulled
by hand or by a winding machine that is equal to the applied force multiplied by the number
of lengths of cable passing between the two blocks. The mechanical advantage is this value.
The hydraulic cylinder,
This can be used to move the jib or beam that supports another lifting device or directly to lift
the cargo. Like all machinery, cranes abide by the law of conservation of energy. As a result,
the energy supplied to the load cannot be greater than the energy supplied to the machine.
The weight moves only one tenth as far as the applied force, for instance, if a pulley system
multiplies the applied force by 10. The output energy is maintained nearly equal to the input
energy (in practise somewhat less, because some energy is lost to friction and other
inefficiencies), as energy is proportional to force multiplied by distance. The same idea can
work the other way around. In the event of an issue, the combination of a strong weight and a
high height might cause little objects to accelerate extremely quickly. Such projectiles have
the potential to cause significant harm to adjacent individuals and structures. The failure of
one crane may cause other neighbouring cranes to fail in a series of events. Cranes need to be
closely monitored.
3.0 Materials and Method
3.1 Materials
The material that will be used is the Mild Steel;
Mild steel will be used because it is strong and tough, easy to get, has more strength in
tension, can be bent, and doesn't wear down easily.
3.1.1 Properties of Mild Steel

 High tensile strength

3.2 Conceptual Drawing of a Hydraulic Engine Lift

Hydraulic lift (Kirill, 2019).

3.3 Methodology
3.3.1 Hydraulic System
A hydraulic lift is a device that raises or lowers loads by applying pressure to a fluid within a
cylinder. Because of this force, a piston rises. Pascal's law for creating force or motion is the
foundation of the hydraulic Lift Principle. The concept asserts that an incompressible liquid
in a closed system will distribute a change in pressure uniformly in all directions.
Hydraulic lift Pascal's Law states that hydraulic lift permits the utilization of a relatively
small input force to generate a greater output force. This is due to the fact that the pressure
applied to one piston is equal to the pressure applied to the second piston (Collegedunia,
2022).
3.3.2 Pressure and Force
The standard unit of measurement for pressure is the pound-force exerted per square inch of
surface area, or psi. A fluid's resistance to compression may be thought of as an expansion
caused by pressure. All liquids and gases are considered fluids. The pound is the standard unit
of measurement for force, which is anything that causes or alters motion (by pushing or
pulling).
The following is the relationship between force, pressure, and area:
F1 F
P 1= as defined by p= (i)
A1 A

Where:
F = force, in Newton (N)
P = pressure, in Pascal (Pa)

A = area, in M M 2

Pascal's principle states that this pressure is evenly distributed throughout the fluid and
throughout the container walls. As a result, the other piston experiences a pressure p2 that is
F2
equal to p1. That is, p1 = p2. However, since P2= (ii)
A2

F1 F2
Therefore, = (iii)
A1 A2

Assuming the pistons are all at the same vertical height and there is no friction in the system,
this equation may be used to determine the force-to-area ratios in any hydraulic system.
The center of gravity of engine to be lifted will be calculated using the following equations:
ΣM ⋅ x
Center of gravity along X-axis X= (iv)
ΣM
ΣM . y
Center of gravity along Y-axis Y= (v)
ΣM

3.2.3 Hydraulic Components

The cylinder builds pressure in the hydraulic fluid, transforming the fluid's energy into
mechanical force.

 Piston

The piston, which is contained within the cylinder, rises in response to fluid pressure.

 Valve

Hydraulic valves are used to manipulate the flow of fluid within a hydraulic circuit.

 Linear Actuator

An actuator is a device that transforms the force of pressurized hydraulic fluid into linear or
rotary motion. Actuators include mechanical devices like hydraulic cylinders and motors.
Linear motion is generated by hydraulic cylinders, whereas rotation is generated by hydraulic
motors.

 Hydraulic Fluid

The term "hydraulic fluid" refers to the fluid used in hydraulic systems as the medium for
power transfer. Petroleum oils, synthetic lubricants, oil-water emulsions, and water-glycol
combinations are the most used fluids.

 Reservoir

The hydraulic system's fluid supply is kept in the hydraulic reservoir. It has enough fluid for
regular system operation and plenty extra to replenish what could be lost via little leaks.

 Hydraulic Motors

In order to carry out meaningful work, a hydraulic motor transforms hydraulic energy from
oil (or any other hydraulic fluid) into mechanical energy (in the form of rotating motion).

 Hydraulic Pump

The hydraulic pump transfers mechanical energy (torque, speed) into hydraulic energy (flow,
pressure). As positive displacement pumps, hydraulic pumps have a flow that is proportional
to the volume pumped and the rate at which the pump rotates.

 Electric Motor

This is a device that takes kinetic energy and transform it to rotary motions.

 Base

The base is the foundation of the lift and provides stability to the lift.
References
Collegedunia. (2022). Hydraulic Lift: Working, Hydraulic System & Pascal’s Law.
Collegedunia. https://collegedunia.com/exams/hydraulic-lift-physics-articleid-2257
Gowtham, M, P., Ponsakthivel, P, Santhosh, M, Siva, P, S , Shivaneshan, V.(2022). Design
and Fabrication of A Single Acting Hydraulic Crane. International Journal Of Innovative
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Velling, A. (2023). Mild Steel – All You Need to Know. Fractory. https://fractory.com/what-
is-mild-steel/