KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

PROJECT PROPOSAL ON

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PELTIER MODULE BASED COOLER

Dilasha Adhikari(11303)
Prakash Baskota(11305)
Satwik Ghimire(11309)
Sarina Lama(11311)
 Date: 17:08:2023

To
The Project Supervisor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Kathmandu University

SUBJECT: Cover Letter for proposal approval

Dear Sir/Madam,

Our proposal titled "DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PELTIER MODULE

BASED COOLER" is submitted for your review as a part of Engineering Project
ENGG 102 course requirement. The report includes introductions, objectives,
methodology, and expected outcomes, which are listed in detail in the table of
contents section.
We kindly request your thorough review, approval, and assistance in this project.

Sincerely,

Dilasha Adhikari (11303)

Prakash Baskota(11305)
Satwik Ghimire(11309)
Sarina Lama(11311)
TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Objectives
1.3 Significance/Scope
1.4 Limitations
CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY
2.1 Theoretical Framework
2.2 Study Design
2.3 Gantt Chart
CHAPTER 3 BUDGET ESTIMATION
CHAPTER 4 EXPECTED OUTCOME
REFERENCES 8
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Group of Peltier Modules 1

Figure 2 Thermoelectric Module 5
 LIST OF TABLES
Table3.1 Budget Estimation for “Design and Fabrication of Peltier Cooler 7
 Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Background
The quest for efficient and sustainable cooling technologies has been a driving
force in various industries, ranging from household appliances to scientific
research. Refrigeration is crucial for preserving food, medical supplies, and various
materials, as well as for maintaining temperature-sensitive processes. Two main
technologies used for refrigeration are Peltier module-based thermoelectric
refrigerators (TERs) and normal vapor compressor coolers (VCCs).

Figure 1 Group of Peltier Modules

The foundation for thermoelectric refrigeration was established with the discovery
of the Peltier effect by Jean Charles Athanase Peltier in the early 19th century. This
phenomenon, wherein a temperature gradient is produced at a junction of two
different materials upon the application of an electric current, laid the groundwork
for thermoelectric cooling devices. In contrast, vapor compressor cooling,
pioneered by Jacob Perkins in the mid-19th century, relies on mechanical
compression and expansion of refrigerants to achieve cooling.

Despite the progress made in both thermoelectric and vapor compressor cooling
technologies, there is still a significant research gap in comprehensively comparing
the advantages and disadvantages of Peltier module-based thermoelectric

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refrigerators against normal vapor compressor coolers. The unique operational
principles, energy efficiency, and practical applicability of these technologies
necessitate a thorough investigation.

Peltier module-based thermoelectric refrigerators have carved out a niche in

various cooling applications, particularly where compactness, energy efficiency,
and precise temperature control are crucial. While vapor compressor coolers
remain dominant for larger cooling requirements, the unique benefits of
thermoelectric refrigeration make it a promising technology, necessitating ongoing
research to bridge the existing gaps and optimize their use in different industries.

1.2 Objectives
A.Primary Objective
To design and fabricate a Peltier module-based cooling box which ensures
temperature regulation of the enclosed space.

B.Secondary Objectives
1.To learn about the outcome and scope of using Peltier modules for refrigerating
purposes.
2.To acquire basic skills related to bench-work and fitting.
3.To learn about formal processes that needs to be carried out in an engineering
project.
4.To expand skills related to various CAD software.

1.3 Significance
Our project “Design and fabrication of Peltier module based cooler” can carry
following significance:
Certainly, here's a summarized list of the significance of your project "Design and
Fabrication of Peltier Module-Based Cooler":

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1. Medical Impact : Enables reliable temperature control for medical supplies like
vaccines and sensitive samples, enhancing healthcare outcomes.

2. Edible Storage: Preserves perishable food and beverages, reducing waste and
improving outdoor accessibility.

3. Energy Efficiency : Utilizes eco-friendly Peltier cooling technology,

contributing to energy savings and reduced emissions.

4. Portability : Compact design facilitates transportation, aiding medical outreach

and emergency relief efforts.

5. Hands-On Learning : Offers a practical learning experience for engineering

students, applying theoretical knowledge to real-world challenges.

6. Technological Advancement : Innovates within the growing field of solid-state

cooling, inspiring further research and development.

7. Interdisciplinary Collaboration : Fosters collaboration between disciplines,

encouraging holistic problem-solving.

8. Problem-Solving : Addresses practical issues, showcasing problem-solving

skills with immediate applications.

9. Knowledge Contribution : Contributes to existing knowledge, sharing findings

that could inspire improvements or further studies.

10. Personal Growth : Enhances confidence, project management, and skills,

offering a valuable asset for future opportunities.

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1.4 Limitations

1. Budget Constraints : Limited funds may impact component quality and cooler
features, potentially compromising performance and durability.

2. Skill Gap : Inexperienced personnel might lead to fabrication challenges and

affect cooler functionality.

3. Material Availability : Sourcing difficulties could lead to subpar substitutes,

impacting cooler performance and longevity.

4. Research Gap : Lack of comprehensive Peltier research may lead to uncertainty

in optimization, efficiency, and design.

5. Data and Market Gap : Inadequate data affects predictions and user feedback,
hindering understanding of viability and demand.

6. Limited Understanding : Insufficient sustainability assessment and scope

adjustment impact long-term impact and project objectives.

7. Reliability Concerns : Addressing limitations is vital for ensuring reliable,

consistent cooler performance over time.

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 CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Theoretical Framework

In 1834, thermoelectric based on Peltier Effect was discovered by Jean Peltier, in
which the direct current (DC current) applied across two dissimilar materials
causes a temperature difference. It is found that when current flows across the
intersection between two different wires, heat must be consistently added or
subtracted to maintain the temperature. Peltier Effect in one of three effects that
categorized in the thermoelectric system, where are Seebeck Effect and Thomson
Effect. Thermoelectric modules use the variations in the energy levels of electrons
to provide heat transfer. The energy is carried by the current between low energy
level P-type semiconductors and high energy level N-type semiconductors from
the cold surface to hot surface. The Peltier model is made of a serial connection of
P-type and N-type elements. The Peltier effect is produced when electric current
flows through two different types of semiconductor metals. The current starts to
transfer heat from one side to other. The cold side of the Peltier module can be
used as a cooler while the other side will continuously heat . It is essential to cool
the hot side to avoid the risk of damaging itself. Therefore, the Peltier must be
combined with a cooler such as heat sink or water cooling to dissipate the heat of
the hot side
for effective operation. Figure 2 shows an example of a Peltier thermoelectric cell
that consists of ceramic plates (cold and hot side) and the inner components such
as P-type and N-type Peltier thermoelectric.

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 Figure 2 Thermoelectric Module
Figure 2 demonstrates the heat that been absorbed from the cold side and rejected
to the hot side of the thermoelectric cooler is connected to a power source

Figure 3 Structure and function of thermoelectric cooler

This project would be involving a modeling, constructing and testing of a Peltier

thermoelectric cooler. Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the stipulated cooler.

Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the model.

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The mini thermoelectric cooler body would be two layered . The inner would be
constructed with a cold radiator like aluminum sheet and the outer layer would be
of MDF sheets with a thermocol insulation in between.
The Peltier modules would be installed in parallel with the cold side in contact
with the inner layer and the hot side in contact with a integrated heat sink and fan
setup.
A thermostat temperature relay would be installed for precise temperature control.
This model would be powered by a 12V power supply.

2.2 Study Design

Figure 2. 1 Workflow chart of the project “Design and Fabrication of Peltier

Module Cooler

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2.3 Gantt Chart

Figure2.1 Gantt Chart

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CHAPTER 3 BUDGET ESTIMATION
Table3.1 Budget Estimation for “Design and Fabrication of Peltier Cooler
S. Materials & Quantity Rate(Rs.) Amount(Rs.) Remarks
N Components
1. CPU Cooling Fan 2 400 800
2 Heat Sink 2 100 200
3. Peltier Module 7 110 770
4. PVC Sheet 1 500 500
5. Thermal paste 1 150 150
6. Power Supply 1 1500 1500
7. Thermal Coil 1 100 100
Total 4020

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CHAPTER 4 EXPECTED OUTCOME
This project anticipates several significant outcomes that underscore its value in
addressing the cooling needs of edible goods and medicines. Foremost among
these outcomes is the creation of a precisely regulated and adaptable cooling
chamber. This chamber is expected to maintain consistent temperatures conducive
to preserving the freshness of edible items and the efficacy of medical supplies.
Additionally, the integration of intelligent temperature control mechanisms is
projected to enable precise adjustments, ensuring that delicate products are
shielded from temperature fluctuations. The project further envisions achieving
energy efficiency by harnessing the thermoelectric principles of Peltier modules,
contributing to reduced operational costs. Successful implementation promises to
extend the shelf life of perishable goods and maintain the potency of medicines,
thereby reducing waste and enhancing overall product quality. Overall, the
anticipated outcomes of this project hold the potential to revolutionize the way
edible goods and medicines are preserved, aligning with the modern imperative of
precision, sustainability, and efficacy.

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REFERENCES
[1] Contributors to Wikimedia projects, “Thermoelectric cooling,” Wikipedia, Aug.
14, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_cooling (accessed Aug. 17,
2023).
[2]“Seebeck Effect - an overview,” ScienceDirect Topics.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/seebeck-effect (accessed Aug.
17, 2023).
[3]S. Price, “The Peltier Effect and Thermoelectric Cooling.” http://ffden-
2.phys.uaf.edu/212_spring2007.web.dir/sedona_price/phys_212_webproj_peltier.h
tml (accessed Aug. 17, 2023).
[4]C. Goupil, Continuum Theory and Modeling of Thermoelectric Elements. John
Wiley & Sons, 2016.

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