in

Secondary sexual characters are those visíble characters that help

9.
10.
boy fromn a girl.
Hormones are chermical substances. These are secretions of endocrine
pour them directly into the blood strearn.
difglearnds,ertialviiyhin
11. On reaching puberty, ovaries produce a fermale sex horrmone called estrogen, W
helps in the development of breasts and mammary glands, whíle testes
male sex hormonecalled testosterone. prdue ,
12. The uterine wall in females prepares itself to receive the developing
case there is no fertilisation, the thíckened líning of the uterine wall and
are shed off along with the blood vessels. Thís ís called menstruation,
fertilised ezg,
13. The first menstrual flow begins at puberty and ís called menarche. / At 45 to 50
age, the menstrualcycle stops, and is termed as menopause. yearsf
14. The thread-like structures called chromosomes are presenttínside the nucleus
cell.Human beings have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Two chrormosormnes out of thee '
the sex chromosomes named X and Y.
ofevery
15. When an unfertilised egg that contains a single chromosome K, gets fertilísed bx
another X, the offspring produced is a girl and when fertilised by Y, the
produced is aboy. offspring
16. Pituitary gland secretes growth hormone and hormones that stimulate testes and
ovaries to produce their hormones.
17. Adrenal glands secrete adrenaline, thyroid gland secretes thyroxine and pancrezs
secretes insulin.
18. It is important to eat a balanced food and maintain personal hygiene during
adolescence.
Section A (Objective Type Questions)
A. Tick ( )the correct option.
1. The period in life when the body undergoes changes leading to
is called reproductive maturity
(a) childhood (b) old age
(c) infancy
adolescence.
8
QOROECO
(d) adolescence
2. There are many changes in human life that mark the onsetof 8
during
(a) liberty (b) sonority
(c) puberty (d)
3. Puberty conspicuously can be identified by the mernopause
8
(a) growth of moustaches b) ability to ovulate
(c) sudden increase in height (d) sudden increase in weight
4. The growing voice box in boys preotrudes in the
throat region is called
8
(a) Peter's apple (b) John's apple
(c) Adam's apple (d) Adam's orange
108) Workbook Science-8
 5. Which of following hormones is secreted by testes in males?
(a) progesterone (b) testosterone
(c) estrogen (d) adrenaline
6. The female hormone responsible for growth of breasts and mammary glands is
(a) testosterone (b) adrenalíne
(c) estrogen
B. Fill in the blanks.
(d) thyroxine 8
1. The girls at adolescence have ahigh.llchuo...voice.
2. Endocrine glands release their secretions directly into the blood stream whích reach
the specific body part called
. p i l . . .site.
3. In females, the .JLUAI......wall thickens to receive the zygote.
4. The first menstrual flow starts at puberty and is termedas lnALL..
5. The two chromosomes named Xand Y are the
..A...hromosomes.
C. Match the following,
Column A Column B

1. Thyroxine d (a) pancreas

2. Adrenaline c (b) pituitary gland
3. Testosterone c () adrenal gland
4. Growth hormone b (d) thyroid gland
5. Insulin o (e) testes
D. Tick( )the correct statements and cross (X) the wrong ones.
1. Children gain weight during adolescence.
2. A female has two Xchromosomes.
3. Insulín helps to maintain the correct salt balance in humans.
4. The production of thyroxine requires the presence of calcium.
5. It is important to maintain personal hygiene during adolescence to be healthy.

Section B(Subjective Type Questions)

A. Very short answer questions
1. Define adolescence.

l2. Write on significantehange nthebody thae denotes reproddctive maurity gf onset

of puberty in girls.

Workbook Science-8 (109)

 Why is it important to eat right kind of food during adolescence?

4 What willbe the effetof increased activity of sebaceous glands on our skin?

5 Name any two glands that release their secretions through ducts.
N..Qnd.aALCkLas..
6. Whicth glands are termed as ductless glands?
SuncacuC..glaucla.
7. State the term used for chemical secretion that controls the changes ocurring in our
body at the time of adolescence.

8. What is the function of pituitary gland

9 Deiìne menstruation.

a l o v W Y DEQnsgwet9 hnan bejgNS

bengs mcnstatio.

11. How does the hyposecretion of insulin affect the body metabolism?

hormone helpsa person to release stress?)

Rdeuaalu.
13. Mention two iron-rich foods that are good for adolescents.

B. Short answer questions

1. What do you meanby secondary sexual characters? Mention two secondary sexual
characters each in boys and girls.
SeCnasSf..sdCCLAEslicluaKRctesslQL.tkal. uisilsdeclraactessl

610) Workbook Science-8

 functioning?
2. What is the roleof pituitary gland in reproductive

3. What happens to the ovum when it is

(a) fertilised:
Amale.iheH.as.fcanancy.
fertilised: telLaLAg eMLtublaleredAhuaened
b) not
4. do hormones affect the growth of theb
ducHLQALndaiplat..hangtly.dhaj..kcL...
ehamge..dncehasel.getttky duat.dacLRLA..Lyland
duslleuwal aud enuplio
5. Label the endocrine glands in the diagtam given below.
watuosty

Aaunal Hland

destes
6. Write one function of each of the following hormones:
() adrenaline:.t.hetla.tle.beayto.dayiut.to.dHLAA.

thyroxine : hulatiducl. plalrsnDLIl

(c) estrogen :

Workbook Science-8 (111

 7. Name the male sex hormone. How does its secretion influence adolescence?
euloutoaA.uhict.a Jecduelal.ly.dents
AuacducA.decendaey.kituoalglaatluA.n.mal

8. Why do you think it is necessary to maintain personal hygiene during adolescenco)

Mention any two ways tomaintain personal hygiene.

codoniroctAOMdhHloahanoo
9.List three ways by which HW can pass on to a normal person from an infected pérson.

Dtuansitled to.atantautan. ttucaeetul.mla..

thuoy'a.aua ilk.B)uumittd.tluucialaAekual
Aonthet.ith Q..utson ctud.uith. HIV.
10. Why is it necessary to educate chilaren about
approach adolescence? H.w sexually-transmitted diseases as they

C. Long answer questions

1. List the types of physical, mental and emotional changes that are observed during
adolescernce in (a) boys and (b) girls.

ant.ala.sell conagta..2). inlallgtuQl.alleunanl

akM.alacLhuy.tAd.Lo.sundconeicluuabe
(112) Workbook Science-8
 gils.LaHls
ugin
to celuic..Aemalc.honnne
DM.lstuagen.shichntbhes.
(he luy.ischdcHnnCtLs.d
Ma.claauagc.sQas.lauuato
maintain (113)
Science-
Workboo
Justify
Jnetounofest..iamoflcsi
to
baby. necessary
unborn
reproduction. frogs.
conditions
an and
of healhtt
insects
sex
fouY
in the X
role of adolescence.
determine cycle
their
chart. life
Discuss the
flow
father in
reproductive
during
glands? a hormones
theof
help
X heath
of
endocrine by reproductive
the
statementwith
of
role Dandelld
Lontolleol meant
the
are Discuss s
What Whatgood
4. D.
 weyen.dculad.laau.aatlaaddeastcL.AANAAd

Higher Order Thinking Skills(HOTSYApplicatiof/Skill-based questions oy

N e c t1.
o Ramneek, a 15 year old boy, became very
conscious and depressed because his voice
started becoming hoarse and his friends who were a little younger to him used to
comment on his voice. What advice will you give