Pharmacy exercises
MIXTURES
1. Define mixture.What are the types of mixtures?
Mixtures are liquid oral preparation containing two
or more ingredient uniformly distributed in a
vehicle and dispensed in single or multiple doses
Types of mixtures:
1)Simple mixture- contains soluble ingredient in a
vehicle. Eg:- sodium salicylate mixture
2)Suspension mixture -mixtures contains one or
more insoluble solids, they are kept uniformly
suspended in a vehicle by a simple process of
shaking the bottle .They are divided into
a) Mixture with diffusible solids: Alba mixture
2. Write two differences between Alba and
Salicylate mixtures
Alba mixture Salicylate mixture
Single dose Multiple dose
mixture mixture
Suspension Simple mixture
mixture with
diffusible solids
Should be shaken Need not to be
well before use shaken before
use
3. Mention the functions of each ingredient in
Alba and Salicylate mixture
i)Sodium salicylate mixture
Ingredient Function
Sodium salicylate active ingredient with
analgesic,antipyretic and
antiinflammatory action
Sodium bicarbonate corrective which
prevents the
precipitation of salicylic
acid from sodium
salicylate
Aromatic spirit of Corrective which mask
ammonia the
colour change of mixture
ii) Alba mixture:
Ingredient Function
Magnesium Active ingredient which
sulphate function as osmotic
purgative
Magnesium Corrective which mask the
carbonate bitter taste .Adjuvant-act as
a laxative
Peppermint water Vehicle- flavouring and
carminative
4. What are the two indications of Salicylate
mixture? Explain its mechanism of action
Indications: headache, rheumatoid arthritis,
osteoarthritis
Mechanism of action:
Production of prostaglandin, prostacyclin and
thromboxane from arachidonic acid is
blocked irreversibly by inhibiting
cyclooxygenase (COX) . Thereby relieves
pain and inflammation.
5. Mention two toxic effects and two
contraindications for Salicylate mixture.
Outline the treatment of acute salicylate
poisoning
Toxic effect: vomiting , dehydration,
electrolyte imbalance
Contraindications: peptic ulcer, chronic liver
disease, diabetes
Acute salicylate poisoning
• more common in children. Fatal dose in adults is 15- 30
g,
Manifestations are: Vomiting, dehydration, electrolyte
imbalance, acidotic breathing, hyper/hypoglycaemia.
petechial haemorrhages, restlessness, delirium,
haIlucinations hyperpyrexia, convulsions, coma and
death due to respiratory failure & cardiovascular
collapse.
• Treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
• External cooling
-
• i.v. fluid with Na\ K+, HCO3 and glucose according to
6. What are the indications for Alba mixture?
Explain its mechanism of action
- Preparation of bowel for surgery,
colonoscopy, abdominal X-ray
- After certain anthelmintics (especially for
tapeworm) used to flush out the worm and
the anthelmintic drug.
- Food/drug poisoning -to remove the
unabsorbed irritant/poisonous material
from the intestines.
Mechanism of action
-retain water osmotically. increase fluidity of
stools and distends the bowel- increasing
peristalsis indirectly
- Magnesium ions release cholecystokinin
which augments motility and secretion,
contributing to purgative action of Mag.
salts
7.With reasons, write the instructions to be given to
a patient regarding its mode of administration
Alba mixture:Direction
Entire quantity to be taken early morning in the
empty stomach with tumbler full of water
- Since alba mixture is a draught ,entire quantity is
recommended
- Alba Mixture acts within 1-3hrs,so if it is given in
the night ,it may disturb sleep of the patient
- Empty stomach can increase absorption of the
drug
- To enhance osmotic action and to prevent
dehydration it has to be taken with tumbler full of
8. Name any two purgatives administered at
bedtime and early morning
At Bedtime : senna, bisacodyl,
phenophthalein
Early morning: alba mixture, castor oil
9. Write a label for sodium Salicylate and Alba
mixture SODIUM SALICYLATE MIXTURE
( Keep in a cool place )
Ramkrishna
28-01-2021
24/M
Bejai ,Mangaluru
Direction: one dose to be taken three times a day
after food
Dr.Kia
(signature)
Ganesh Pharmacy
ALBA MIXTURE
( Shake well before use)
Mohini
28-01-2021
54/F
Padil ,Mangaluru
Direction: Entire quantity to be taken early morning in
empty stomach with a tumbler full of water
Dr.Pooja
(signature)
Ganesh Pharmacy
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