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EVALUATING THE ACADEMIC OUTCOMES OF HEAT WAVES ON

____________________

A Proposed Qualitative Research

presented to

Mambago-B National High School

Island Garden City of Samal

MOHAMAD P. KAMID

May 2024
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Table of Contents

Page

Title Page i

Abstract ii

Table of Contents iii

List of Tables

Chapter Page

1 Introduction

Introduction 1

Purpose of the Study 5

Research Questions
5

Theoretical Lens 6

Importance of the Study 7

Delimitation and Limitation of the Study 7

Definition of Terms 7

Review of Related Literatures 8

References 10
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Chapter 1

Introduction

The academic performance of students im the Philippines both public and private

schools may be adversely affected by heat waves, prompting the need for

evaluation and potential interventions. During recent heat waves, Mambago B

National High School observed a notable decline in student attendance,

concentration levels, and academic achievement. An online survey recently

conducted by the Alliance of Concerned Teachers (ACT) among 11,706 public

school teachers nationwide found that around 67 percent of teachers said the

heat in their classroom is intolerable (Eleanor Pinugu, 2024). This study's

significance lies in uncovering how heat waves affect academic performance,

guiding interventions to support students during extreme weather events.

Understanding the link between temperature and educational outcomes is

important in assessing the returns to various schooling interventions and the

potential welfare impacts of climate change. Using student-level administrative

data for the largest public school district in the United States, I estimate the

causal impact of hot temperature on high-stakes exams and subsequent

educational attainment. Hot days reduce performance by up to 14% and lead to

lasting impacts on high school graduation status (Zivin, J.G. & Shrader, J. 2016).

For this reason, it's needed to be addressed immediately to lessen the poor

performance of students in the school.

The extreme heat in the summer of 2023 worsened existing issues plaguing the

Philippine education system. The country continues to struggle with poor quality

of education, classroom congestion, and substandard facilities, among others. A

2022 World Bank report on global learning poverty revealed that 9 in 10 Filipinos

could not read and understand a simple text at ten years old. The school

closures during the Covid-19 pandemic, among the longest in the world,

exacerbated the problem (Erram, 2024). As a result, DepEd implemented

interventions that would help for effective learning while staying safe in the midst

of hot weather.

Rey A. Solitario, Davao City Schools Division Superintendent, said the new

schedule was in accordance with the memorandum released by the Department

of Education (DepEd) Central Office. In the memo, signed by Francis Cesar B.

Bringas, Assistant Secretary for Operations, DepEd-Operations, it stated that “in

consideration of the well-being of the learners affected by extreme climate

conditions as they attend in-person classes, the Office reiterates DepEd Order

No. 037, s. 2022 titled “Guidelines on the Cancellation or Suspension of Classes

and Work in Schools in the Event of Natural Disasters, Power Outages/Power

Interruptions, and Other Calamities,”... provides for the implementation of

modular distance learning in the event of canceled or suspended classes

(Daugdaug & Alivio, 2023). In addition, the statement further stated that DepEd

reminds school administrators of their right and responsibility to suspend in-

person sessions and deploy modular remote learning setup in response to the
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notice made by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical

Services Administration (Pagasa) on March 21.

This study aims to understand how heat waves affect students' academic

performance at Mambago B National High School, considering factors like

attendance and grades. The urgency arises from the lack of existing research on

this topic, despite the increasing frequency of heat waves and their potential

impact on educational outcomes.

The study's findings will be shared with schools and government officials through

meetings and reports. This information could help schools come up with ways to

help students do better in hot weather, which could be useful for schools

everywhere.

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the study is to investigate how heat waves affect students'

performance in school and to find ways to help them succeed despite these

challenges.

Research Questions

1. How do heat waves impact student attendance at Mambago B National High

School?

2. What effects do heat waves have on students' concentration levels during

classroom activities?
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3. How do heat waves influence students' academic achievement, such as

grades and test scores?

4. What interventions or strategies can be implemented to support students'

academic success during periods of extreme heat?

Theoretical Lens

A good and conducive environment is key to safety, effective learning and

development DFES (2006); because a good school climate promotes effective

students’ performance and comprises all the students, teachers, staffs and the

entire people within the school community. Therefore, a good school climate

should be spacious, conduciveand allow time for students’ interaction during

teaching and learning process. The ecological systems theory helps us see how

different parts of a school, like classrooms and relationships between students

and teachers, affect students' learning. When schools have a good environment

with space for interaction, students feel safe and can learn better. Looking at the

statement, it's clear that a good school climate is important for students to do

well. This means having classrooms where students can learn comfortably and

encouraging positive relationships between everyone in the school. When

schools focus on creating a positive environment, students can learn and grow

better. However, it's not still effective learning when they only have a modular

class because, they can't focus on their study but rather distracted by the

environment. It should be in the classroom where they can have effective

learning.
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Importance of the Study

The study's findings would help school leaders make school improvements during hot

weather. Teachers could change how they teach, students would have a better time

learning, and parents and leaders could push for rules to protect students during

extreme heat.

Delimitation and Limitation of the Study

This study focuses on examining the impact of heat waves on students'

academic performance at Mambago B National High School to identify strategies

for supporting student success during extreme weather events. The central

phenomenon explored is how heat waves affect various aspects of students'

educational outcomes, including attendance, concentration, and academic

achievement. Participants in the study are students, teachers, and staff members

at Mambago B National High School, located in a region prone to heat waves.

Participants are required to have direct experience or involvement in the school's

academic environment.

Definition of Terms

Evaluating - assessing or examining something systematically to understand its

effectiveness, impact, or quality.

Academic Outcomes - refers to the results or achievements in educational

settings, such as grades, test scores, attendance rates, and overall academic

performance.
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Heat Waves - Periods of unusually hot weather, characterized by high

temperatures and often lasting for an extended duration

Review of Related Literatures

An age-old phenomenon, climate change can happen due to rise in population levels,

expansion of land for agricultural purposes, innovations, housing and road construction

leading to reduction in forest and trees, high cost of living, technological advancements

and industrialization amongst others. According to the results of IPCC, (2013), the level

of Greenhouse Gases has surpassed the highest levels of concentrations on earth over

the last 800,000 years. This greenhouse effect, in turn, is causing increased rainfall, hot

weather extremes, flooding, droughts, cyclones and reduction in level of glaciers. Rise in

precipitation levels has been observed in Northern Europe, eastern parts of North

America, South America, Northern Asia as well as Central Asia.

Tropics and Sub tropics have been facing severe and long lasting droughts since 1970

whereas places like Sahel, Southern Africa and Central Asia have parched lands

(Aggarwal, 2008). IPCC in its 4th Assessment Reported that vigorous activities

performed by humans since 1750 has resulted in atmospheric concentrations of Carbon-

dioxide, Methane and Nitrous Oxide around the world. The level of greenhouse gases

has now exceeded the preindustrial values that existed thousands of years ago.

We are yet to experience extreme global temperatures. Temperatures continue to get

warmer, temperatures that seems high today will become common in few years to
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come (Meehl, G.A., 2004), and there are public health implications associated with this

fast emerging change in climate, has recorded the warmest year in the last 200 years

with records of deaths, more deaths running into thousands in a year is expected in the

United States by year 2100 (Sarofim, et al, 2016). Heat waves will keep increasing in

intensity, duration, frequency as average surface temperatures increases due to climate

change(Solomon, S. 2007).

References
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Aggarwal, P. K. (2008). Global climate change and Indian agriculture: Impacts,

adaptation and mitigation. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 78 (11), 911.

Daugdaug & Alivio (2023). https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/563065/scorching-

schools-how-heat-worsens-conditions-of-poor-students-in-ph#ixzz8aDK9s6Gt

DFES (2006). Early Years Foundation stage Consultation Document.

Nottingham: DFES Publication, Retrieved on 6thJanuary2012 from

http://www.standard sdfes.gov.uk/eyfs/resources/downloads/33ep.pdf

Eleanor Pinugu (2024). Learning in the heat

https://opinion.inquirer.net/172740/learning-in-the-heat/amp

Erram (2024). https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/563063/extreme-heat-as-a-ne -

pandemic-thousands-ph-schools-cancel-classes-during-hottest-year

IPCC (2014a). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working

Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel

on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.

Meehl, G. A., & Tebaldi, C. (2004). More intense, more frequent, and longer

lasting heat waves in the 21st century. Journal of Science, 305(5686), 994-997.

Sarofim, M. C., Saha, S., Hawkins, M. D., Mills, D. M., Hess, J., Horton, R., &

Juliana, A. S. (2016). Ch. 2: Temperature-related death and illness (43-68). US

Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC.

Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Averyt, K., & Marquis, M. (2007). Climate

change the physical science basis. Working group I contribution to the fourth

assessment report of the IPCC (Vol. 4). UK: Cambridge University Press

Zivin, J.G. & Shrader, J. (2016). Temperature extremes, health, and human

capital. Future of Children, 26(1), 31-50. Retrieved from

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1101427.pdf