CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

TYPE KINDS OF CONDITION IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE

0 a. Habit (Thói quen), general truth Present simple: Present simple:
(sự thật hiển nhiên) S + V (hiện tại đơn) S + V (hiện tại đơn)
I usually walk to school if I have enough Be: am/is/are Be: am/is/are
time. Have/has Have/has
Water freezes if the temperature falls
below zero.
b. Command (Mệnh Lệnh)
If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter Dạng mệnh lệnh: V! Don’t V!
for me.
Please call me if you hear anything from
Jane.
Đảo ngữ: Should you hear anything from Đảo ngữ: Should + S + V
Jane, please call me.
1 Present and Future possible Present simple: will
(có khả năng sẽ xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc S + V (hiện tại đơn) can
tương lai) Be: am/is/are S+ may + V
If he has money, he will buy a new car. Have/has
Đảo ngữ: Should he have money, he will Đảo ngữ: Should + S + V
buy a new car.
2 Present unreal (Past subjunctive)
would
(ước điều ngược lại với hiện tại, không có Past simple: S + V2/ed
could
thật ở hiện tại) Be: dùng .......were...... cho
S+ might + V
If I were you, I would buy that car. tất cả các ngôi
Đảo ngữ: Were I you, I would buy that Đảo ngữ:
car. Were + S + (n/adj)
If I won a lot of money, I could spend most
of it travelling round the world.
Were I to win a lot of money, I could spend Were + S + to-V
most of it travelling round the world.
3 Past unreal Past Perfect:
would
(ước điều ngược lại với quá khứ)
could
If I had had time yesterday, I would have S + had+ pp (V-ed/ V3)
S+ might + have + pp
visited you. Đảo ngữ: Had + S + pp
Đảo ngữ: Had I had time yesterday, …
4 Mixed Conditionals
would
(Câu điều kiện pha trộn)
could
a. Type 3 và Type 2 Past Perfect:
S+ might + V
He isn't a rich man now because he didn't S + had+ pp (V-ed/ V3)
take my advice.
→ If he had taken my advice, he would
be a rich man now.
would
b. Type 2 và Type 3 Past simple: S + V2/ed
could
If I were him, I wouldn't have got married Be: dùng .......were...... cho
S+ might + have + pp
to her. tất cả các ngôi

OTHER EXPRESSIONS OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

- Even if: .........thậm chí nếu......... E.g.: I’ll get there, even if I (have) ..have................ to walk.
- In case = In the event that + S +V: phòng trường hợp E.g.: You’d better take the keys in case I (be) ....am..... out.
In case of = In the event of + N: In the event of (an) emergency, call 911.
- If only: ..........giá như (giống Wish).......... E.g.: He doesn’t know the truth. If only he knew the truth.
- As if / As though: ..như thể (nếu diễn tả điều không thật thì động từ hạ 1 thì, dùng were cho tất cả các ngôi).
E.g.: He behaved as if nothing (happen) ...........had happened................ (*)
- Providing that, Provided that, On condition that / As long As + S + V.....với điều kiện là, miễn là.....
E.g.: Provided that you (have) .....have........... the money in your account, you can withdraw up to £100 a day.
- Supposing that: ........... giả sử là........ E.g.: Supposing (that) you (be) ....are... wrong, what will you do then?
- Only if: Chỉ khi  Đảo ngữ

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A pay rise is condditional on your getting a degree.  Only if ………you get a degree will/can you get a pay rise.
- But for + noun: ........ nếu không vì ............ (loại 3)
E.g.: He would have played but for a knee injury.
But for = If it were not for / Were it not for / If it hadn’t been for / Had it not been for
E.g.: But for / Without your advice, I’d never have got through this.
 Had … it not been for your advice, I’d never have got through this. (*)
- Otherwise/Or/Or else: Nếu không thì: We’d better leave now, otherwise we’ll be late.
E.g.: If you don’t replace it, I’ll take yours.  Replace it or/or else I’ll take yours.
* Exercises:
Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best completes each sentence.
1. Kevin never seems to get tired, I wish I _____ his energy.
A. can have B. have had C. had D. would have
2. If I _____ him yesterday, I would have to come back tomorrow.
A. didn’t meet B. have met C. met D. hadn’t met
3. If she _____ the truth, I think she’d never want to see you again.
A. would know B. knows C. will know D. knew
4. I would never have believed _____ it with my own eyes.
A. if I didn’t see B. if I hadn’t seen C. if I haven’t seen D. if I wouldn’t have
seen
5. I wish I had remembered your number. Otherwise, I _____ you.
A. phoned B. would phone C. would have phoned D. will have phone
6. Such typing mistakes _____ avoided if you had been more careful.
A. can have been B. would be C. might have been D. should be
7. Carol was late for work this morning. But for the traffic jam, she _____ half an hour earlier.
A. could come B. could have come C. had come D. can have come
8. Don’t worry _____ home late tonight.
A. when I’ll be B. if I’ll be C. unless I’ll be D. if I’m
9. I _____ one of my special desserts for dinner, if you like.
A. make B. will make C. am going to make D. am making
10. When you _____ Bob, tell him he still owes me some money.
A. see B. are going to see C. will see D. are seeing
11. I wish I _____ him, but I don’t.
A. like B. can like C. liked D. would like
12. She feels lonely because she doesn’t know many people there. She wishes she _____ more people.
A. will know B. knew C. knows D. has known
13. If I _____ the flu, I would have joined you for the trip.
A. hadn’t had B. haven’t had C. didn’t have D. had had
14. “I’m not staying any longer.” “I wish you _____.”
A. can B. will C. are D. were
15. But for the hold-up, we _____ here in time.
A. would have been B. could be C. had been D. must have been
16. I miss my old motorbike. I wish I _____ it. I had it for years.
A. I didn’t sell B. hadn’t sold C. had sold D. haven’t sold
17. Jill regrets having bought that second-hand laptop. She wishes she _____.
A. didn’t buy it B. hasn’t bought it C. wouldn’t have bought it D. hadn’t bought it
18. I’m sorry I missed seeing my old friends at your party. I wish I _____.
A. had been there B. was there
C. could have been there D. should have been there
19. I lost your phone number. Otherwise, I _____ you much earlier.
A. will contact B. would have contacted C. would contact D. had contacted
20. “I’m sorry you failed the test.” “Frankly, I wish I _____ harder.”
A. could study B. had studied C. have studied D. would have studied
21. “Are we lost?” “I’m afraid we are. If only we _____ a map with us.”
A. brought B. would have brought C. could have brought D. had brought
22. If the lecturer _____ so quickly, we’d have understood his speech better.
A. didn’t speak B. hadn’t spoken C. wouldn’t have spoken D. shouldn’t
have spoken
23. If you put salt in water, it _____.
A. dissolves B. would dissolve C. could dissolve D. dissolved
24. _____, please paint the windows before you leave.
A. If you’ll have enough time B. if you have enough time

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 C. Unless you have enough time D. Unless you can have enough time
25. Jeff wouldn’t have bumped into the waitress if he _____ in such a hurry.
A. weren’t B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t have been
26. If you _____ Mary by chance, please give her my phone number.
A. met B. should meet C. could meet D. will meet
27. My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I _____ this shop.
A. hadn’t opened B. couldn’t open
C. weren’t be able to open D. wouldn’t have opened
28. I think she would forgive you if you _____ to speak to her.
A. are trying B. would try C. tried D. have tried
29. I wouldn’t have to take this course if my English _____ better.
A. were B. had been C. would be D. would have been
30. If we hadn’t got lost, we _____ arrived much earlier.
A. had B. would be C. might be D. could have
31. But for his wife’s encouragement, he _____ gotten to the top of his profession.
A. hadn’t B. hasn’t C. won’t have D. wouldn’t have
32. I wish I _____ more careful with my money in the future.
A. would be B. should be C. could be D. had been
33. “You speak English well.” “Yes, but I wish I _____ another foreign language well too.”
A. speak B. can speak C. would speak D. could speak
34. “Did you watch the football match late last night?” “No, I didn’t, but I wish I _____.”
A. were B. have had C. had D. did
35. “I doubt whether I can get through the test.” “If you did as I told you, you _____.”
A. can succeed B. could succeed
C. had succeeded D. would have succeeded
36. “I’m too tired to study.” “If you hadn’t watched that late movie last night, you _____ so tired now.”
A. wouldn’t be B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t have been D. would have been
37. “Did you invest in that company, Carol?” “Yes, but now I wish I _____.”
A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. did D. had
38. She was too shy. Otherwise, she _____ many more friends.
A. will make B. can make C. would have made D. should have made
39. If I had known that you couldn’t eat eel, I _____ bought it.
A. wouldn’t B. won’t have C. hadn’t D. wouldn’t have
40. Without the life-jackets, most passengers _____ drowned in the accident.
A. would have been B. would be C. had been D. were
41. If I _____ Japanese was so difficult, I wouldn’t have taken it up.
A. knew B. had known C. would have known D. might have known
42. If the story _____ true, the newspaper wouldn’t have printed it.
A. wasn’t B. weren’t C. didn’t be D. hadn’t been
43. He would still be alive today if he _____ that drug.
A. wouldn’t take B. didn’t take C. weren’t taking D. hadn’t taken
44. If he’d patented his invention, he _____ a lot of money.
A. has made B. would have made C. would be made D. had made
45. Don’t put these glasses into very hot water _____ they’ll crack.
A. and B. if C. or D. so
46. Why is she looking at me as though she _____ me? I’ve never seen her before in my life.
A. knows B. knew C. known D. has known
47. You can take my car _____ you drive carefully.
A. unless B. even though C. as if D. as long as
48. ‘I couldn’t have made it without your help’ means
A. I couldn’t have made it if you helped me. B. I couldn’t have made it if you had helped me.
C. I couldn’t have made it if you hadn’t helped me. D. I couldn’t have made it if you didn’t help me.
49. _____ anyone call, would you please take a message?
A. Should B. If C. When D. Unless
50. _____ they realized the danger, they would have done it differently.
A. Unless B. Had C. If D. Would

Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before
it.
1. The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money.
Were it____ not for the money, this job wouldn't be worthwhile_______________________.
2. If you followed my advice, you would be successful.
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 Were____ you to follow my advice, you would be successful_________________________.
3. It was the goalkeeper that saved the match for us.
Had it __not been for the goalkeeper, we would have lost the match/ we wouldn’t have won the match__.
4. Thanks to Mary's support I was able to finish the project.
Had it__ not been for Mary's support, I wouldn't have been able to finish the
project__________________.
5. If by any chance he calls, let me know.
Should___ he (happen to/by any chance) call, let me know._______________.
6. Mr. Watson managed to repair the garage roof only because his neighbour helped him.
Without ____ his neighbour's help, Mr. Watson couldn't have repaired the garage roof ________ ____.
7. Richard only took over the family business because his father decided to retire early.
But for____ his father's early retirement, Richard wouldn't have taken over the family business______.
8. Thanks to his great speed, John won the gold medal.
But for___ his great speed, John wouldn’t/ couldn’t have won the gold medal_________________.
9. It's such a pity your sister can't come as well.
If only____ your sister could come as well_____________________________________.
10. My English is not fluent enough to go for the interview.
If only___ my English were fluent enough to go for the interview _____________________________.
11. If you keep spending so much money, you'll have none left.
Don't _____ spend so much money or you'll have none left._____
12. But for his indiscretion, he would have been promoted.
Had _____ he not been so indiscreet/Had it not been for the fact that he was indiscreet/Had it not been for
his indiscretion, he would have been promoted. ___________
13. It was Jan's skill that won us the match.
Had __ Jan not been so skilful/Had it not been for the fact that Jan was skilful/Had it not been for Jan's
skill, we wouldn't have won the match. _____
14. The bad weather prevented the ship from leaving.
If it ____ hadn't been for the bad weather/the fact that the weather was bad, the ship would have left._
15. If it hadn't been for their support, we wouldn't have succeeded.
Thanks ____ to their support, we succeeded.___
16. Unless you go early, you won't be able to find tickets.
Your only _____ hope of finding tickets is to go/if you go/by going early.___
17. Provided the PC is portable, I'll buy it.
As _____ long as the PC is portable, I will buy it ____

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