MAKALAH

PRONOUN AND DETERMINERS

Diajukan untuk memenuhi tugas mata kuliah

Bahasa inggris

Yang Dibina oleh Dini Siamika Tito Prayogi

Oleh:

NAMA MAHASISWA

Muhammad Nazim

Rifky Gimnastiar

Rosyid Aqil

Patrik cakra
 PREFACE

Praise to god almighty for the blessings of his grace, and that we were given the
opportunity to be able to compile a working paper entitled “Pronoun and Determiners” is
properly and correctly, and on time.

This paper is structured so that readers can know how important application of English
language in daily life. This paper was compiled with help from various parties. Both parties
come almighty, these papers can finally resolved.

This is a paper about “Pronoun and Determiners” and deliberately chosen because in this
day age the use of English need to have the support of all those who care about the world of
education.

The compiler also thanked to Mrs. Dini as the teachers/tutors in English subject. Who
have many professors help in order to complete this paper.

Hopefully this paper can give a broader insight to the reader. Although this paper has
advantages and disadvantages. For advice and please his constituents. Thank you.

Author

10 October 2022
 TABLE OF CONTENS

PERFACE ...................................................................................................

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................

1.1....................................................................... Background of the paper

1.2............................................................................. Purpose of the paper
1.3..............................................................................Problem formulation

CHAPTER II ..............................................................................................

THEORY AND DISCUTION.....................................................................

2.1 punderstanding pronouns.....................................................................

2.2 types of pronouns according to english grammar based on their properties and
functions......................................................................................................

CHAPTER III .............................................................................................

CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................

3.1 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................

3.2 SUGGEST ............................................................................................

 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
After mastering English well, then we will be able to communicate with other nations in
this world. In addition, we will also be able to increase our knowledge and insight for the
progress of our nation and country, because we will be able to read English literature,
listen to foreign radio broadcasts, and watch other science films. There are so many rules
that must be considered in its use, especially in the field of writing. Therefore, the author
tries to present four rules of the many rules of the English language, in addition to
fulfilling the coursework, it is also intended that this short article can add to our
knowledge of the English language
1.2 Problem Formulation
2. What are personal pronouns?
3. What are possessive pronouns?
4. What are possessive adjectives?
5. What are indefinite pronouns?
6. What are reflexive pronouns?
7. What are Demonstrative pronouns?
8. What are interrogative pronouns?
1.3 Purpose of Writing
1. Knowing personal pronouns
2. Knowing possessive pronouns
3. Knowing possessive adjectives
4. Knowing indefinite pronouns
5. Knowing reflexive pronouns
6. Knowing demostrative pronouns
7. Knowing interrogative pronouns
 CHAPTER II
THEORY AND DISCUSSION
.

2.1 P UNDERSTANDING PRONOUNS

Pronoun (kata ganti) adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menggunakan adanya noun
(Kata benda) atau sesuatu yang dibendakan dalam kalimat. Fungsinya yaitu agar tidak
terjadi pengulangan kata yang bersifat monoton
Example : Muhyiddin and Edho are going to England, They will have arrived there at
seven o'clock.
(Muhyiddin and Edho are going to England, They will be there by seven o'clock).
Adapun kata they pass kalimat di atas adalah pronoun, yang mana menggantikan
keberadaannya Muhyiddin Dan Edho, Mika tidak Ada kata ganti they, pasta akan
menulis slang nama Muhyiddin Dan Edho .

2.2 TYPES OF PRONOUNS ACCORDING TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR BASED

ON THEIR PROPERTIES AND FUNCTIONS
Di dalam tata Bahasa inggris, Kata ganti dapat dibedakan menjadi beberapa
kelompok berdasarkan sifat Dan fungsinya, yaitu :
1. Personal Pronoun (Kata Ganti Orang)
Personal Pronoun (Kata ganti orang) adalah kata yang digunakan untuk
menggantikan kebeadaan oranng. Personal pronoun dibagi menjadi tiga yaitu:

Used First Person The Second Person Third Person

For person who (Second Person) The person
speaks The person to spoken of
talk to
Example I = I (First person You = you / you He = he is
singular) (second person male (third
that can be used person
for singular or singular)
 We = we/us (first plural) She = she is
person plural) female (Third
person
singular)
It = it's a noun
(pronoun for
singular noun)
They = they
(third person
plural).
Personal Pronoun bill ditinjau dari posisinya dalam suatu kalimat, dapat dibagi
menjadi dua yaitu posisinya sebagai subyek (nominative case) Dan posisi sebagai
obyek (objective case) adapun keterengannya lihat table dibawah ini.
Nominative Case (Position as Objective Case (Position as
subject/actor) object/person subject to work)
I (me) = I go to school Me = Khafid was talking with
me last night by phone
You (you) = You go to Paris You = The teacher will call you
They (they) = They are sleeping in front of office
We (we) = We will go there Them = I am walking with them
in the park
She (she's a girl) = She will marry Us = They give us some candy
He (he is a boy) = He was born in Her = Ansdi loves her deep
1999 inside
It (that thing) = It was fun to see Him = The window is opened
the biggest mountain by him
It = daddy will sell it

Dari keterangan diatas dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa personal pronoun yang
berposisi sebagai nominative case yaitu berposisi sebagai subyek/pelaku Dan
objective case posisinya sebagai obyek/orang yang dikenal pekerjaan.
2. Possessive Adjective (Kata Ganti Kepemilikan Sifat)
Possessive adjective (Kata ganti sifat kepemilikan) adalah kata yang menerangkan
sifat kepemilikan pada noun (benda) baik yng bernyawa Maupun yang tidak
bernyawa. Meskipun possessive adjective tak masuk dalam pronoun, tak Ada
salahnya jika saya seret dalam pembahasan pronoun, Karena menurut saya
possessive adjective juga merupakan kata ganti, yaitu kata ganti kepemilikan sifat.
Possessive adjective biasanya selalu diikuti kata benda setelahnya.
Examples:
 My = My car (my car)
 Your = Your phone
 Their = Their teacher
 Our = Our world
 Her = Her laptop (her laptop is a girl)
 His = His plane (the plane is male)
 Its = Its taste is good
Dari keterangan diatas dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa possessive adjective
adalah kepemilikan sifat terhadap suatu benda.
3. Possessive Pronoun (Kata Ganti Kepunyaan)
Possessive pronoun (Kata ganti kepunyaan) adalah kata yang berfungsi untuk
menyebutkan kepemilikan pada suatu benda, fungsinya sama seperti possessive
adjective hanya saja possessive adjective letaknya setelah kata benda.
for example:
 Mine = The house is mine
 Yours = Those books are yours
 Theirs = This class is theirs
 Ours = Those ATM cards are ours
 Hers = The sister is hers
 His = The dog is his
 Its = The food is its
 Dari keterangan diatas dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa possessive
pronoun adalah berfungsi sama dengan possessive adjective yaitu sama-
sama memberikan pengertian kepemilikan terhadap suatu benda, hanya
saja possessive pronoun tempatnya sesudah kata benda.
Example: (This book is mine),
Sedangkan possessive adjective tempatnya sebelum kata benda.
such as example: (This is my book).
4. Reflexive Pronoun (Kata Ganti Refleksif/Diri)
Reflexive pronoun (KataGanti reflexive/diri) adalah kata ganti yang menunjukkan
perbuatan yang ditunjukkan pada diri sendiri, adapuun reflexive pronoun yaitu:
 Myself = Diriku
 Yourself = Dirimu
 Theirself = Diri mereka
 Ourself = Diri mereka/kami
 Herself = Dirinya dia perempuan
 Himself = Dirinya dia perempuan
 Itself = Dirinya itu benda
 Ourselves = Kami/kita sendiri
 Yourselves = Kamu/kalian kita sendiri
 Themselves = Mereka sendiri
Kata ganti refleksif mempunyai beberapa kegunaan yaitu:
a. Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang mengenai diri sendiri.
Example : Ina looks herself in the mirror.
(Ina sees herself in the mirror).
b. Untuk membuat kata ganti itu menjadi lebih tegas, atau untuk
mengeraskan Arti agar menjadi tegas Dan kuat
for example:
 Mahmud, yes yourself, get out of this class
(Mahmud, yes you alone, out of this class).
 c. Apabila didahului oleh kata by, maka refleksif pronoun
mempunyai Arti sendiri (alone)
for example:
 Ima go to market by herself
5. Demonstrative Pronoun (Kata Ganti Petunjuk)
Demonstrative pronoun (Kata Ganti Penunjuk) adalah kata ganti yang befungsi
untuk menunjuk, artinya menunjuk benda, manusia ataupun sesuatu yang sedang
dibicarakan. Adapun kata-Kata tunjuk tersebut ialah :
 This = ini tunggal. Example: This is my car
 These = ini jamak. Example: These are my cars
 That = itu tunggl. Example : That is my umbrella
 Those = itu jamak. Example: Those are my umbrellas.
Notes :
a. This dan these digunakan untuk menunjuk objek yang jaraknya dekat .
b. Setelah kata tunjuk these dan those obyek yang ditunjuk harus Jamal Dan to be
nya harus Jamak pula seperti contoh diatas.
c. Kata tunjuk diatas juga bisa berfungsi sebagai subyek
Example: that car is faster than those. That car menjadi subyek seda those adalah
Mobil-mobilan yang lain..
6. Indefinite Pronoun (Kata Ganti Tidak Tentu)
Indefinite Pronoun (Kata ganti tidak tentu) adalah kata ganti yang menggantikan
sesuatu yang tidak tentu/spesifik seperti seseorang, dusty tempat dll. Yang termasuk
indefinite pronoun adalah:
a. Each (tiap-tiap) digunakan untuk menggantikan sesuatu yang berjumlah dua atau
lebih. Mamun begitu each tetap dianggap tunggal seperti she,he,it sehingga
auxiliary verb (Kata kerja bantunya) menggunakan is, was, has dll..
Example :
 Each student is submitting his/her duty to the captain each class.
 Each plane has gone ten minutes ago.
b. One/ ones (yang), one digunakan untuk menggantikan sesuatu yang ditunjuk
tunggal. Ones untuk yang jamak. One/ones juga bisa digunakan sebagai kata
pilahan pada suatu contoh
example:
 This phone is better than that one
 These phones are better than those ones(plural ones)
 Which one do you want? (Which one / which do you want?
c. Someone (seseorang)
Somebody (seseorang)
Something (sesuatu)
Somewhere (disuatu tempat)
Sometime (suatu waktu)
Anyone (siapapun/seseorang)
Anybody (siapapun/seseorang)
Anything (apapun/sesuatu)
Anywhere (dimanapuun)
Anytime (suatu waktu)
Semua kata-Kata diatas tersebut pada umumnya dianggap tunggal Dan disamakan
seperti orang ketiga yaitu she,he,it. Sehingga penggunaan auxiliary verb (Kata
kerja bantu) nya menggunakan is, was, has dll
Example:
 Somebody is climbing at the top
 Something which interesting was clown
Perbedaan some dan any adalah some digunakan untuk kalimat positif, sedangkan
any digunakan untuk kalimat yang negative.
Example :
 I want to buy something
 I do not want to buy anything.
d. Everyone (serial orang, semua orang)
Everybody (serial orang, semua orang)
Everything (segala sesuatu)
 Everywhere (dimana-mana)
Semua kata diatas dianggap sebagai tunggl seperti orang ketiga she, he dan it.
Sehingga penggunaan auxiliary verb (Kata kerja bantu) nya menggunakan is,
was, has dll
for example:
 Everyone is going on vacation
 Everything has been done well.
e. None/No one (tak satupun/ tak seorangpun)
Nobody (tak seorangpun)
Nowhere (tak kemana-mana)
Nobody, No one, Nowhere digunakan untuk bentuk tunggal, sedangkan none Bia
digunakan untuk tunggal maupuun jamak
for example:
 None can solve it
 Nobody comes in this office.
f. Either (Satu diantara dua)
Neither (tak satupun diantara dua)
Either and neither dianggap tunggal. Either digunakan untuk dua benda, either
dapat disambung dengan kata ‘or’
for example:
 Ina and Andre, Either is smart
 Either ina or andre, is smart
Neither digunakan untuk dua benda yang bukan dari keduanya
for example:
 Surabaya and Jakarta, neither is quiet (Surabaya and Jakarta, neither is
quiet).
 Neither Surabaya and Jakarta is quiet.
g. Each other (Satu sama lain)
One another (Satu sama lain)
Each other digunakan untuk dua noun (benda) yang sama-sama melakukan
for example:
  Mr.Hilmy and Muhayat are helping each other (Pak Hilmy and Muhayat
are helping each other)
One another digunakan untuk dua noun atau lebih yang sama-sama melakukan
example:
 Jokowi and Citizens have been loving one another (Jokowi and the People
are already loving each other).
h. Another (lainnya)
Others (yang lain)
The Other (yang lain)
The Others (yang lain)
Another digunakan untuk benda tunggal yang tidak tenth.
Example:
 Another pen, Another girl, Another book, Another teacher.
Others digunakan untuk benda Jamal yang tidak tentu
for example:
 Others pens, Others girls, Others books, Others teachers.
 The other is used for certain singular objects example:
 The other black pen, Theother beautiful girl, The otherEnglish teacher.
The others digunakan untuk benda Jamak
example:
 The others black pens,The others beautiful girls, The other English
teachers.
i. Some (beberapa)
Any (beberapa)
Several (beberapa)
Some dan Any dapat diikuti oleh countable dan uncountable noun. Some
umumnya digunakan untuk kalimat yang positif Dan any biasanya dignakan untuk
kalimat yang negative. Keduanya jika diikuti oleh countable noun maka keduanya
berarti beberapa
Example:
  Some of students will get punishment. (Some of the students will be
punished)
 Any of students will not get punishment. (Some of the students will not be
punished)
Sedangkan jika keduanya diikuti oleh uncountable noun maka berarti
sedikit
examples:
 The visitor wants his/her tea with some of sugar. (The visitor wants his tea
to be given a little sugar)
 The visitor does not want his/her tea with Any of sugar. (The visitor
doesn't want the tea to be lightly sugared).
Any biasanya digunakan untuk kalimat tanya
for example:
 Do you have any money?
 want Is there any more space ?
Several khususdigunakan untuk countable noun
for example:
 Ina ate several apples
 Ina learn several books (Ina learns several books)
j. All (semua/segenap)
 Most (kebanyakan/paling banyak)
All digunakan untuk benda secara keseluruhan. Most digunakan untuk benda
yang kebanyakan namun tidak secara keseluruhan
for example:
 All of visitor see the attraction.
 Most of visitors see the attraction .
k. Both (keduanya)
 Few (sedikit)
Both digunakan khusus untuk dua benda
Example:
  Both of Ali and Masriharyo are handsome.
Few digunakan untuk benda yang jumlahnya sedikit
for example:
 Few of children like to study mathematics.
l. Many (banyak)
 Much (banyak)
Many digunakan untuk benda yang dapat dihitung
for example:
 Many people interested in writing
Much digunakan untuk benda yang tak dapat dihitung
for example:
 Muchsand on the beach
7. Interrogative Pronoun (Kata Ganti Tanya)
Interrogative pronoun (kata ganti Tanya) adalah kata ganti yang digunakan untuk
mengajukan atau mengawali suatu kalimat pertanyaan. Adapun interrogative
pronoun yaitu:
a) Who (siapa) digunakan untuk menanyakan orang sebagai subyek atau
pelaku
for example:
 Who loves you very much in the class?
(Who loves you the most in class?)
b) Whom (siapa) digunakan untuk menanyakan obek atau penderita,
biasanya dalam kalimat Tanya whom terdapat pelaku baik tunggal atau
Jamal yang dikenai Maupin diberi suatu pekerjaan oleh pelaku lainnya,
sehingga status pelaku yang diberi
for example:
 Was the girl whom help you yesterday your mother?
(Was the woman who helped you yesterday your mother?)
 The thief whom people hit him have caught by police.
(The thief whose people beat him has been arrested by the police.)
c) Whose (milik siapa) digunakan untuk kepemilikan seseorang
for example:
 Whose is this flashlight?
 (Whose is this flashlight?)
d) What (apa) digunakan untuk menanyakan sesuatu
for example:
 What is your favorite music?
(What is your favorite music?)
e) Which (yang mana) digunakan untuk menyatakan pertanyaan pilihan
for example:
 Which one do you love, Math or English?
(Which do you prefer, math or English?)
Where (dimana/kemana) digunakan untuk menanyakan tempat keberadaan
for example:
 Where did you get your bachelor's degree?
(Where did you get your bachelor's degree?)
f) When (kapam) digunakan untuk menanyakan waktu
for example:
 When will you go to America?
(When are you going to America?)
g) Why (kenapa) digunakan untuk menanyakan suatu alasan atau sebab
for example:
 Why did you love her, didn't she had a boyfriend?
(Why do you love him, doesn't he have a girlfriend?)
h) How (bagaimana,berapa) digunakan untuk menanyakan cara, keadaan,
jumlah
examples:
 How are you, how do you go here and how much money do you have?
(How are you, how (what ride) did you get here and how much money do you
have?)
Note:
 Perlu diperhatikan Antara perbedaan interrogative adjective (Kata Tanya sifat)
dengan interrogative pronoun (Kata ganti Tanya). Adapun interrogative pronoun
ialah kalimatnya tidak langsung diikuti oleh noun (benda) yang ditanyakan
Example:
 What do you want to buy?
 Who do you want to marry?
Kalau interrogative adjective biasanya selalu diikuti oleh noun(benda) yang
ditanyakan
for example:
 What book do you want to buy?
 Who girl do you want to marry ?

Description:
Kata what book dan who girl diatas menjelaskan buku yang seperti papa can
wanita yang bagaimana? Ma itulah fungsi dari interrogative adjective ialah
meneangkan sifatnya seperti apa
8. Relative Pronoun (Kata Ganti penghubung)
relative pronoun (Kata ganti penghubung) adalah kata ganti yang digunakan untuk
menggabungkan dua buah kalimat menjadi Satu dengan membuang bagia-bagian
yang sama
for example:
 Ina has a sparkle mind.
 I invited her to move.
Merged:
 I invited ina'ul who has a sparkle mind to move.
 (I invite Ina'ul who has a bright mind to move)
Description:
Who diatas itulah yang dinamakan relative pronoun yaitu berfungsi menggabungkan
Adapun yang termasuk dalam relative pronoun yaitu:
a. Who (Yang) untuk menyambungkan kalimat yang meggantikan orang baik
subyek Maupun obyek
 for example:
 The girl who I love her is so cute!
(The girl I love is so cute!)
b. Whom (Yang) untuk menyambungkan kalimat yang menggantikan orang sebagai
obyek/penderita saja
for example:
 The girl whom you love is my sister!
(The woman you love is my sister!)
c. Whose (yang mempunyai) digunakan untuk menggabungkan kalimat yang
menggantikan kepemilikan terhadap suatu benda
for example:
 The man whose great house like empire is very kind.
(The man who has a magnificent house like a palace is very kind.)
d. Which (Yang) digunakan untuk menggabungkan kalimat yang menggantikan
benda saja seperti hewan, tumbuhan, dan lain-lain kecuali manusia
for example:
 The Islamic Boarding School whichI ever stayed is located on Tambak
Madu street.
(The boarding school that I have stayed in there is located on Jalan Tambak
Madu.)
e. What (Yang) untuk menyambungkan kalimat yang menggantikan benda tunggal,
tetapi bendanya tidak disebutkan
for example:
 That is what I found.
(That's what I was looking for.)
f. That (Yang) digunakan untuk menggabungkan kalimat yang menggantikan
subyek Maupun obyek
for example:
 The smiling that you throw to me, make me not aware lady nina.
(That smile that you threw at me, made me unconscious, Mrs. Nina).
Notes:
 a) Dalam pemakaian sehari-Hari terutama dalam conversation (percakapan),
Kata ganti penghubung who,whom,which,that sebagai obyek dari anak
kalimat seeing kali dihilangkan
for example:
 I have known the girl that you just mentioned.
(I already know that girl you just mentioned.)
 The connecting pronoun is removed to…
 I have known the girl you just mentioned
(I already know about that girl you just mentioned)
b) Kata ganti penghubung that bisa menggantikan kata ganti penghubung
who can which.
for example Which:
 The University which I have been attending is STAI Darussalam
Martapura.
(The university that I am currently attending is STAI Darussalam
Martapura)
 The Islamic Boarding School which I have attended was
Darussalam Institute Surabaya.
(The boarding school that I have stayed in there is the Darussalam
Foundation Surabaya)
Changed with the pronoun that to…
 The University that I have been attending is STAI Darussalam Martapura.
 The Islamic Boarding School that I have attended was Darussalam
Institute Surabaya.
Who's Example:
 Mr. Hilmy who teaches Vocabulary lesson is my favorite lecture.
(Mr. Hilmy who teaches Vocabulary lessons is my favorite lecturer).
 Kyai Ma'mun Idris who leads Darussalam Islamic Boarding
School was my favorite spiritual teacher.
(Kyai Ma'mun Idris who leads the Darussalam Islamic Boarding
School is my favorite religious spiritual teacher)
Changed with the pronoun that to…
 Mr. Hilmy that teaches Vocabulary lesson is my favorite lecture.
 Kyai Ma'mun Idris who leads Darussalam Islamic Boarding School was
my favorite spiritual teacher.
c) Relative pronoun diatas tidak bisa ditaruh setelah tanda koma (,). Tanda
hubung tidak bisa ditaruh sesudah koma dikarenakan sifat kata
penghubung yang masih bersambung, sedang koma maksudnya berhenti
sejenak,
for example:
 I wish my future, which I am keeping struggle at now to be the
best.
(I hope my future, which I'm currently fighting for, will be good
(False due to comma) .
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A. CONCLUSION
Based on the material above, it can be concluded that:
 Pronoun is a word that is used to replace the existence of a noun or
something that is objected in a sentence
 According to English grammar, pronouns can be divided into several
groups based on their nature and function, namely:

1. Personal Pronoun
2. Possessive Adjective
3. Possessive Pronoun
4. Reflexive Pronoun (Reflexive/Self Pronoun)
5. Demonstrative Pronoun (Hint Pronoun)
6. Indefinite Pronoun (Indefinite Pronoun)
7. Interrogative Pronoun (Interrogative Pronoun)
8. Relative Pronoun (Connecting Pronoun).

B. SUGGESTION
Through the preparation of this paper, a group of us feel that we have gained a lot
of valuable knowledge and experience.
Once again we repeat that there may be errors in writing this paper from us, both
consciously and unconsciously, so for perfection in learning Suggestions and
criticisms that lead to education I really hope, especially from the supervisor.