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in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”

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“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 6865 (1973): Pallets for Use in ISO Series 1 Freight

Containers [TED 12: Freight Containers and Pallets]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
( Reaffirmed 2003 )
 IS t 6865 - 1973

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
PALLETS FOR USE IN IS0 SERIES 1
FREIGHT CONTAINERS

Pallets Sectional Committee, MCPD 5

Chairman ReprcSenting
SHRI R. ROY Commissioners for the Port of Calcutta, Calcutta
Members
CAPT J. C. ANAND Indian National Shipowners’ Association, Bombay
SHRI K. E. BISHOP Stewarts & Lloyds of India Ltd. Calcutta
SHRI M. M. GHOSH ( Alternate )
SHRI A. K. BISWAS Commissioners for the Port of Calcutta, Calcutta
SHRI K. C. GIJPTA Directorate General, Factory Advice Service L
Labour Institute, Bombay
SWRI K. C. SAXENA ( Alternate )
SHRI A. K. JAIN Robot Systems Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI R. K. JAIN Ministry of Railways ( Research, Designs & Standards
Organization )
SHRI K. KAPOOR Indian Tea Association, Calcutta
SHRI S. S. KAUL Air India, Bombay
SHRI B. L. PARAsHhRA ( Alternate )
SHRI F. R. KUMANA Nimbus Engg Pvt Ltd, Bombay
Sa~r N. J. MASANI Forest Research Institute & Colleges, Dehra Dun
SHRI B. C. DHAMANI ( Ahnate)
SHRI L. MENDONSA Metal Box Co of India Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI M. D. MURDESHWAR Bombay Port Trust, Bombay
SHRIJ. NATARAJAN Indian Airlines Corporation, New Delhi
SHRI SUJIT KUMAR RAY Associated Electra Manufacturers’, Calcutta
SHRI DILIP KUMAR RAY ( Alternate )
SHR~ D. SARIKHI Calcutta Tea Traders’ Association, Calcutta
SHRI V. P. MAHAJAN ( Alternate )
SHRI S. N. SATHAYE Shipping Corporation of India Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. D. TANAVADP.( Alternate )
SHRI P. F. SETHNA Voltas Ltd, Bombay
SHRI M. DUDANEY(Alternate I )
SHRI V. K. TALWAR (Alternate II )
SHRI T. H. SHAH Larsen & Touhro Ltd, Bombay
SHRI V. C. SHARMA Indian Tube Co Ltd, Jamshedpur

( Continued on @ge 2 )

@ Copyright 1973
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Cofiyright Act (XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be au infringement of copyright under the said Act.

-.,
IS:686!5-1973

( Cantinued from pap 1)

Members
SHRI S. c. SHETH Federation of Associations of Stevedores, Bombay
SHRI K. C. UNNITHAN Macneill & Barry Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI S. GUPTA ( Alternate )
SHRI K. S. SUBRAMANIAM, Director General, BIS ( Ex-oficio Manbcr )
Officer on Special Duty ( MCPD )

Secretary
SHRI A. C. GUPTA
Assistant Director ( MCPD ), BIS

Drafting Panel for Pallets, MCPD 5: PI k

Convener
SHRI A. K.JAIN Robot Systems Pvt Ltd, Calcutta

hIembers
SHRI M. M. GHOSH Stewarts & Lloyds of India Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI R. K. JAIN Ministry of Railways ( Research, Designs & Standards
Organization )
SHRI F. R. KIJ;MANA Nimbus Engg Pvt Ltd, Bombay
SHRI N. J. MASANI Forest Research Institute & Colleges, Dehra Dun
&RI B. C. DHAMANI ( Alternate )
SHRI D. N. PESTONJI Godrej & Boyce Mfg Co, Bombay
SARI M. K. MEHTA ( Alfrrnafe )
SHRI R. ROY Commissioners for the Port of Calcutta, Calcutta
SHRI D. SABIKHI Calcutta Tea Traders’ Association, Calcutta
SHRI V. P. MAHAJAN ( Alternate )
SHRI P. F. SETHNA Voltas Ltd, Bombay
SHRI P. K. MAZUMDAR ( Alternate )
CAPT N. A. TAMHAN~ Scindia Steam Navigation Co Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI K. c. UNNITHAN Macneill & Barry Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI S. GUPTA ( Altcrnatc)

2
 IS : 6865 - 1973

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
PALLETS FOR USE IN IS0 SERIES 1
FREIGHT CONTAINERS

0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution
on 16 February 1973, after the draft finalized by the Pallets Sectional
Committee had been approved by the Marine, Cargo Movement and
Packaging Division Council.
0.2 This standard has been prepared to help unit-load system of materials
handling in IS0 freight containers with fork lift trucks, pallet trucks or
other handling devices, using pallets of standard dimensions of quality.
0.3 Unit load is the most convenient and normal method of handling,
warehousing and shipping goods. For use in freight containers the unit
loads shall be sized to fit the internal dimensions of the containers.
0.3.1 A standardized unit load shall have specific dimensional tolerance
so as to prevent inadvertent oversizing or undersizing. Oversizing may
cause jamming of the load against the container walls. Undersizing may
result in wastage of cargo space and perhaps make the load slack and thus
susceptible to transit damage.
0.3.2 Determining tolerance for unit loads is a complex matter since
load dimensions tend to change in the process of filling, storage, handling
and transport. Various factors, such as load bulge and stacking irregula-
rity may cause such dimensional variations.
0.3.3 Load bulge may include filling bulge, compression bulge and
settling bulge. Stacking irregularity may be caused by unitizing ineffi-
ciency, out-of-plumb stacking and out-of-square stacking.
0.3.4 All these factors tending to change the basic dimensions of the
unit load may not be eliminated nor it is necessary or desirable to
eliminate all. But they shall be controlled by providing a dimensionally
standardized unit load with a tolerance.
0.3.5 In order to simplify the problem of expressing the unit-load dimen-
sional tolerance, the concept of ‘ Plan-View Size ’ ( PVS ) is adopted.
PVS specifies the maximum allowable dimensions of the unit load in the
dynamic or static state whichever is larger.

3
&3:68f%-1973

0.3.6 In addition, the concept of ‘ Net Unit-Load Size ’ ( NULS ) is used

to express the basic dimensions of the unit load excluding all allowances
for dimensional variations. The ’ Net Unit-Load Size ’ is obtained by
subtracting from the ‘ Plan-View Size ’ ( PVS ) the allowable tolerance.
0.3.7 The pallet dimensions specified in this standard are the ‘ Net
Unit-Load Sizes ’ ( NULS ).
0.3.8 The ideal sizes of unit loads are those that shall give optimum
cargo space utilization in shipping containers and airfreighters, as well as
lend themselves suitable for movement by rail and road transport.

0.4 In the preparation of this standard considerable assistance has been

derived from the following:
Dot : ISO/TC 104 ( 122/SC 1 N94) 328 -First draft proposal
c Dimensions of rigid rectangular filled transport packages for
conveyance by series 1 freight containers ‘, issued by the
International Organization for Standardization ( IS0 ).
Specifications on pallets, prepared by Robot Systems Pvt Ltd,
Calcutta.

0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this

standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, express-
ing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS : 2-l 960*. The number of sign&ant places retained in the rounded off
value shall be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard deals with dimensions, ratings and operating require-
ments of pallets for use in IS0 series 1 freight containers.

2. TERMINOLOGY
2.1 For the purpose of this standard some of the relevant terms and
definitions given in IS : 3971-19677 are reproduced below.
2.1.1 Plan-View Size (PVS) -The rectangular area defined by the
lines of intersection of the floor by four vertical planes which totally
enclose all extremities of the unit load when at rest in storage or shipment
position ( see Fig. 1 ).

*Rules for rounding off numerical valbcd ( wised).

tGlossary of terms on pallets.

4
 IS 86865- 1973

5 = Plan-View Size ( PVS ).

Includes Net Unit-Load Size plus allowances for:
a) Stacking irregularity.
b) Compression bulge, and
c) Settling bulge.

FIG. 1 PLAN-VIEW SIZF.

2.1.1.1 It is a dimension that may not be exceeded and, therefore, has

no plus tolerance so as to prevent any chance of the load jam:.ling against
the walls of the container or the transport vehicle, while not wasting cargo
space.
2.1.1.2 Transport vehicles cargo space utilization is calculated with
PVS dimensions.
2.1.2 .Net Unit-Load Size ( NULS ) -The rectangular area defined by
the basic dimensions of the unit load excluding all allowances for dimen-
sional variations ( see Fig. 2 ).
2.1.2.1 NULS is obtained from plan-view size after subtracting
allowances for load stacking irregularity, compression bulge and settling
bulge. The aggregate of these allowances is approximately 4 percent of
NULS when applied equally to the length and width dimensions of the
unit load that is E z NULS
.

Exan2file:
1372 x 1 143
- 1320 x 1100
1.04 -
where
1 372 x 1 143 mm is PVS, and
1 320 x 1 100 mm is NULS.

5
IS : 6865 - 1973

A = Net Unit-Load Size.,

Includes only the dimensions of the filled transport-packages.

Fxo. 2 NET UNIT-LOAD SIZE

,
Puy Loud - The maximum weight of goods a pallet is designed
2.1.3 to
carry individually in the course of handling.
2.1.4 Unit Load - The sum of the pay load and the tare of the pallet. 1
2.1.5 Entry - Space provided for the insertion of forks or other handl- i
ing devices.

2.1.6 Two-Way Entry -Pallets which provide entry on two opposite

sides only.
2.1.7 Four- Way Entry - Pallets which provide entry on all four sides.
2.1.8 Length and Width - Length of the pallet is the dimension of the
deck measured along the stringers, stringerboards or forks. In case of
reversible pallets, with stringerboards in cross directions, the shorter :
dimension .shall be taken as length. The other dimension of the deck k
shall be the width. The length shall always be designated first before
width ( see Fig. 1 and 2 ).

3. DIMENSIONS
3.1 Overall Dimensions - The dimensions ( NULS ) of pallets and
their corresponding ( PVS ) are given in Table 1.
NOTE 1 -Appendix A gives the internal dimensions and ratings of IS0 series 1
freight containers. The 1143 mm ( PVS ) width of the unit load shall always fit the
internal width of the IS0 series 1 freight cpntaincrs. Unit loads of 1039 X 1247 mm
( PVS ) shall fit in when placed in pin wheel method.

NOTE2 -Appendix B gives the cargo space utilization in the W3 series 1 freight
containers with the use of pallets listed in Table I.

4. RATINGS
4.1 The nominal load ratings of the pallet shall be its Gunit load ’ and
shall be expressed in kg.

6
 IS : 6665 - 1973

TABLE 1 OVERALL DIMENSIONS OF PALLETS

( c1uuse 3.1 )
DIMENSIONS OP PALLETSIN MANUFACTURING PLNi-VIEW S1ees ( PVS )
mm ( NET UNIT-LOAD TOLERANCE,mm IN mm
SIZES, NULS ) ---“h----Y
c------ Length x Width
Length x Width
825 x 1 100 r 857 x 1 143

I 1039 x 1247
1000 x 1200 1
1100 x 1100 1 143 x 1 143
I f5 I
1320 x I 100 j i 1372 x 1 143

4.1.1 The maximum permissible unit load shall be such that the
product of the unit load and the total number of pallets accommodated in
a freight container does not exceed the pay load of the container.
NOTE 1 -Appendix A gives the pay load ratings of IS0 series Tfreight containers.
NOTE 2 - Appendix B gives the maximum permissible floor loadings in IS0 series 1
freight containers for the various pian-view sizes listed in Table 1. In calculating tbae
weights the cqntainer tare weights have been assumed as 4064 kg for Type lA,
3 048 kg for Type IB and 2 032 kg for Type 1C IS0 series freight containers. The
maximum floor loading shall differ if container tare weights differ from these figures.
The maximum permissible unit load of the pallet may be obtained by dividing the
floor loading capacity per PVS by the number of tiers pallet loads are stacked.

5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Material, Construction and Dimensions - The material, construc-
tion and dimensions other than those specified in this standard of the
pallet shall be in accordance with ’ Indian Standard specification for
non-expendable timber pallets ’ ( under pre~arution ) ; ‘ Indian Standard
specification for expendable timber pallets: Part I For handling tea-chests’
( under preparation ); ‘ Indian Standard specification for honeycomb
expendable pallets ’ ( under fircparation ) ; and ‘ Indian Standard specification
for metal pallets ’ ( under preparation ).
5.2 Entry - Pallet size I 000 x 1 200 mm shall have four-way entry.
Pallets of the other sizes may have either two-way or four-way entry.
Pallets used in freight containers having doors on the sides also shall have
four-way entry, to enable loading and unloading both through side doors
and end doors.
5.3 Bearing Surface - The area of the bottom bearing surface of the
pallet shall be sufficient to ensure that the permissible loading specified in
IS : 6566-1972: for the container floor is not exceeded.

*Dimensions and ratings of IS0 series 1 freight contpiners.

7
IS : 6865 - 1973

6. DISPOSITION OF PAI,I.,ETS WITHIN IS0 FREIGHT

CONTAINERS

6-l Figures 3 and 4 respectively show the dispdsition of the 1143 x 1143 mm
and 1039 x 1247 mm ( see also 3.1 ) pallets in IS0 freight containers
designated 1 C ( nominal length 6 000 mm ) in order to provide maximum
use of container floor area. For the IS0 freight containers designated 1A
( nominal length 12 000 mm )> the loading pattern as shown in Fig. 3
and 4 are to be duplicated.

7. TESTING

7.1 The pallets shall be tested in accordance with IS : 6219-1971*; ‘Indian

Standard specification for expendable timber pallets: Part I For handling
tea-chests’ ( under ~refxmztion ); ’ Indian Standard specification for
honeycomb expendable pallets’ ( under Preparation ) ; and ‘ Indian Standard
specification for metal pallets’ ( under pre$aration ).

8. DESIGNATION

8.1 The method of designating a pallet shall be as follows:

a) Length X Width 1000 X 1200 mm

b) Rated load capacity (R) 1 500 kg
c) IS: 6865-1973

9. MARKiNG

9.1 Pallets shall be legibly and indelibly marked by suitable means, with
the rated load, manufacturer’s name or registered trade-mark, month and
year of manufacture.

9.1.1 The pallets may also be marked with the Standard Mark.
~~~~ _ The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the, provisions of the
Juneau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made there-
under. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys
the assurance that they have been produced to Comply with the requirements of that
standard under a well defined system Of inSpeCtiOn, testmg and quality control
which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated bY the producer. Standard
marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for ConformiJY to that
standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a hcence for
t,,e use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers Or producers may
be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.

*Test code for non-expendable flat timber pallets.

8
 IS : 6865- 1973

1-_11~3 ----I c-_ 11434

2299 MIN m

All dimensions ia millimetreu.

FIG. 3 DISPOSITION OF 1143 x 1143 mm PALLETS IN IS0

SERIES 1C FREIGHT CONTAINER
IS:6865-1973

;
:

All dimensions in rniIIimetrea.

Fra. 4 DISPOSITIONOF 1039x 1247 mm PALLETSIN IS0

SERIES 1C FREIGHT CONTAINER

10
 IS t 6865 - 1973

APPENDIX A
( Clauses 3.1 and4.1.1 )

INTERNAL DIMENSIONS OF IS0 SERIES 1 FREIGHT

CONTAINERS

A-l. DIMENSIONS
A-l.1 The pallet sizes ( PVS ) are calculated from the internal dimensions
of IS0 series 1 freight containers which are given in Table 2. The values
in Tables 2 and 3 are reproduced from IS : 6566-1972*.

TABLE 2 MINIMUM INTERNAL DIMENSIONS OF GENERAL PURPOSE

IS0 SERIES I FREIGHT CONTAINERS

All dimensions in millimetrcs.

IS0 FREIIXZT HBI~HT, Min WIDTH, Min LENOTH,Min RATING

CONTAINER kg
DESIGNATION

1A 2 197 2 299 11998 30 480

1AA 2 350 2 299 11998 30 480
1B 2 197 2 299 8931 25 400
1c 2 197 2 299 5 867 20 320

TABLE 3 DOOR OPENINGS OF IS0 SERIES 1 FREIGHT CONTAINERS

All dimensions in millimetres.

IS0 FREIGHT HEXOHT,Min WIDTH, Min

CONTAINER
DESIGNATION

1AA 2 286 2 286

lA, 1B and 1C 2 134 2 286

*Dimensions and ratings of IS0 series 1 freight containers.

11

~~_-___--, -. _ ”
 APPENDIX B G
..
( C/awes 3.1 and 4.1 .l )
CARGO SPACE UTILIZATION OF PALLETS IN GENERAL PURPOSE IS0 tI
SERIES 1 FREIGHT CONTAINERS
g
B-l. CARGO SPACE UTILIZATION OF PALLETS s
B-l.1 For the pallet sizes ( PVS ) listed in Table 1, the number which shall be accommodated
in IS0 series 1 freight containers designated IA, IB and 1C are listed in Table 4; Table 4
gives the inside length of the container, percentage space utilization, number of unit loads stacked on
one-high basis, unused inside length and maximum permissible floor loading per plan area of pallet.

TABLE 4 CARGO SPACE UTILIZATION OF THE PALLETS IN GENERAL PURPOSE IS0

SERIES 1 FREIGHT CONTAINERS lA, 1B AND 1C
PLAN-VIEW SIZE (PVS) 1 372 x 1 143 mm 1 143 X 1 143 mm 857 x 1 143 mm 1039 x 1247 mm
OF PALLETS
------Y
IS0 Freight Inside
iZ
Container Length ‘ 1’
(1)
IA
-w
11 998 mm
(3)
89.5 percent, 16,
(4)
93.2 percent, 20,
(5)
97.8 percent, 28,
(6)
93.9 percent, 20,
1022 mm, 1651 kg 568 mm, 1 321 kg 0 mm, 943 kg 756 mm, 1 321 kg
1B 8931 mm 90.1 percent, 14, - 87.7 percent, 12, 93.9 percent, 20, 88.4 percent, 14,
699 mm, 1 862 kg 930 mm, 1597 kg 361 mm, 1 118 kg 1034 mm, 1 597 kg
1c 5 867 mm 91.5 percent, 8, 95.3 percent, 10, 85.8 percent, 12, 96 percent, 10,
379 mm, 2 287 kg 152 mm, 1 829 kg 725 mm, 1 524 kg 256 mm, 1829 kg
NOTE 1 - Minimum ‘ 1’ asper IS : 6566-1972 ‘ Dimensions and ratings of IS0 series 1 freight containers ‘. But most
modern freight containers shall provide 38 to 50 mm greater inside length ( similarly the width ).
NOTE 2-It should be noted that because the inside length of one 12 000 mm ( IA) freight containen is 264 mm
longer than the total inside length of two 1C freight containers (and so forth ), some hand load& of the end of the
freight containers shall always be required where using unit loads. Therefore, filling the width exactly is more
important. Because of materials handling clearances, cargo space utilization may never exceed 97.8 percent.
NOTE 3 -In actual practice, a clearance shall e&St (lee Note 1 ).
NOTE 4-In co1 3 to 6 the first figure is percentage space utilization; the second figure is number of unit loads
stacked on one-high basis; second row shows the unused inside length and typical maximum permissible floor loading per
plan area of pallet.