Nvidia

Nvidia Corporation[a][b] (/ɛnˈvɪdiə/, en-VID-ee-ə) is an

Nvidia Corporation
American multinational corporation and technology
company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and
incorporated in Delaware.[5] It is a software and fabless
company which designs and supplies graphics processing
units (GPUs), application programming interfaces (APIs)
for data science and high-performance computing as well
as system on a chip units (SoCs) for the mobile
computing and automotive market. Nvidia is also a
dominant supplier of artificial intelligence (AI) hardware
and software.[6][7][8]

Nvidia's professional line of GPUs are used for edge-to- Headquarters in Santa Clara, California in
cloud computing and in supercomputers and 2023
workstations for applications in such fields as
Trade name NVIDIA
architecture, engineering and construction, media and
entertainment, automotive, scientific research, and Company Public

manufacturing design.[9] Its GeForce line of GPUs are type

aimed at the consumer market and are used in Traded as Nasdaq: NVDA (https://www.
applications such as video editing, 3D rendering and PC nasdaq.com/market-activity/s
gaming. In the second quarter of 2023, Nvidia had a tocks/nvda)
market share of 80.2% in the discrete desktop GPU Nasdaq-100 component
market.[10] The company expanded its presence in the S&P 100 component
gaming industry with the introduction of the Shield S&P 500 component
Portable (a handheld game console), Shield Tablet (a Industry Computer hardware
gaming tablet) and Shield TV (a digital media player), as Computer software
well as its cloud gaming service GeForce Now.[11]
Cloud computing
In addition to GPU design and manufacturing, Nvidia Semiconductors
provides the CUDA software platform and API that Artificial intelligence
allows the creation of massively parallel programs which GPUs
utilize GPUs.[12][13] They are deployed in Graphics cards
supercomputing sites around the world.[14][15] In the late Consumer electronics
2000s, Nvidia had moved into the mobile computing Video games
market, where it produces Tegra mobile processors for April 5, 1993 in Sunnyvale,
Founded
smartphones and tablets as well as vehicle navigation and California, U.S.
entertainment systems.[16][17][18] Its competitors include
Founders Jensen Huang
AMD, Intel,[19] Qualcomm[20] and AI accelerator
Curtis Priem
companies such as Cerebras and Graphcore. It also
Chris Malachowsky
makes AI-powered software for audio and video
processing, e.g. Nvidia Maxine.[21] Headquarters Santa Clara, California, U.S.
Nvidia's offer to acquire Arm from SoftBank in Area served Worldwide
September 2020 failed to materialize following extended Key people Jensen Huang (President
regulatory scrutiny, leading to the termination of the deal and CEO)
in February 2022 in what would have been the largest Bill Dally (Chief scientist)
semiconductor acquisition.[22][23]
Products Graphics processing units
In 2023, Nvidia became the seventh public U.S. Central processing units
company to be valued at over $1 trillion,[24] and, as of Chipsets
March 2024, it is the third most-valuable publicly traded Drivers
company based in the United States and in the world, Collaborative software
after Microsoft and Apple, with a market capitalization of Tablet computers
$2.3 trillion.[25] TV accessories
GPU chips for laptops
History Data processing units
Revenue US$60.92 billion (FY 2024)

Founding Operating US$32.97 billion (FY 2024)

income
Nvidia was founded on April 5, 1993,[26][27][28] by
Net income US$29.76 billion (FY 2024)
Jensen Huang (CEO as of 2024), a Taiwanese-American
electrical engineer who was previously the director of Total assets US$65.73 billion (FY 2024)
CoreWare at LSI Logic and a microprocessor designer at Total equity US$42.98 billion (FY 2024)
AMD; Chris Malachowsky, an engineer who worked at Number of 29,600 (FY 2024)
Sun Microsystems; and Curtis Priem, who was employees
previously a senior staff engineer and graphics chip Subsidiaries Bright Computing
designer at IBM and Sun Microsystems.[29][30] The three Cumulus Networks
men founded the company in a meeting at a Denny's DeepMap
roadside diner in East San Jose.[31][32]
Mellanox Technologies
In 1993, the three co-founders envisioned that the ideal Nvidia Advanced Rendering
Center
trajectory for the forthcoming wave of computing would
be in the realm of accelerated computing, specifically in Website nvidia.com (https://www.nvidi
graphics-based processing. This path was chosen due to a.com/)
its unique ability to tackle challenges that eluded general- Footnotes / references
[33] [1][2]
purpose computing methods. They also observed that
video games were simultaneously one of the most
computationally challenging problems and would have incredibly
high sales volume; the two conditions do not happen very often.[33]
Video games became the company's flywheel to reach large
markets and fund huge R&D to solve massive computational
problems.[33] With $40,000 in the bank, the company was born.[33]
The company subsequently received $20 million of venture capital
funding from Sequoia Capital and others.[34]
The Denny's roadside diner in San
Jose, California, c. 2023, where
Nvidia initially had no name and the co-founders named all their
Nvidia's three co-founders agreed to
files NV, as in "next version".[33] The need to incorporate the start the company in 1993
company prompted the co-founders to review all words with those
two letters.[33] At one point, Malachowsky and Priem wanted to
call the company NVision, but that name was already taken by a
manufacturer of toilet paper.[32] Huang suggested the name
Nvidia,[32] from "invidia", the Latin word for "envy".[33] The
company's original headquarters office was in Sunnyvale,
California.[33]

First graphics accelerator

Nvidia's first graphics accelerator product, the NV1, was optimized
for processing quadratic primitives instead of the triangle primitives
preferred by its competitors.[32] Then Microsoft introduced the
DirectX platform, refused to support any other graphics
software,[35] and also announced that its graphics software
(Direct3D) would support only triangles.[32]
Aerial view of Endeavor, the first of
the two new Nvidia headquarters
Nvidia also signed a contract with Sega to build the graphics chip
buildings, in Santa Clara, California,
for the Dreamcast video game console and worked on the project in 2017. Apple Park is visible in the
for a year.[36] Having bet on the wrong technology, Nvidia was distance.
confronted with a painful dilemma: keep working on its inferior
chip for the Dreamcast even though it was already too far behind
the competition, or stop working and run out of money right
away.[36]

Eventually, Sega's president at the time, Shoichiro Irimajiri, came to

visit Huang in person to deliver the news that Sega was going with
another graphics chip vendor for the Dreamcast.[36] However,
Irimajiri still believed in Huang, and "wanted to make Nvidia
Entrance of Endeavor headquarters
successful".[36] Despite Nvidia's disappointing failure to deliver on
building in 2018
its contract, Irimajiri somehow managed to convince Sega
management to invest $5 million into Nvidia.[36] Years later, Huang
explained that this was all the money Nvidia had left at the time, and that Irimajiri's "understanding and
generosity gave us six months to live".[36]

In 1996, Huang laid off more than half of Nvidia's employees—then around 100—and focused the
company's remaining resources on developing a graphics accelerator product optimized for processing
triangle primitives: the RIVA 128.[32][35] By the time the RIVA 128 was released in August 1997, Nvidia
was down to about 40 employees[31] and only had enough money left for about one month of payroll.[32]
The sense of extreme desperation around Nvidia during this difficult era of its early history gave rise to "the
unofficial company motto": "Our company is thirty days from going out of business".[32] Huang routinely
began presentations to Nvidia staff with those words for many years.[32]

Nvidia sold about a million RIVA 128s in about four months[32] and used the revenue to develop its next
generation of products.[35] In 1998, the release of the RIVA TNT solidified Nvidia's reputation for
developing capable graphics adapters.

Public company
Nvidia went public on January 22, 1999.[37][38][39] Investing in Nvidia after it had already failed to deliver
on its contract turned out to be Irimajiri's best decision as Sega's president. After Irimajiri left Sega in 2000,
Sega sold its Nvidia stock for $15 million.[36]

In late 1999, Nvidia released the GeForce 256 (NV10), its first product expressly marketed as a GPU,
which was most notable for introducing onboard transformation and lighting (T&L) to consumer-level 3D
hardware. Running at 120 MHz and featuring four-pixel pipelines, it implemented advanced video
acceleration, motion compensation, and hardware sub-picture alpha blending. The GeForce outperformed
existing products by a wide margin.

Due to the success of its products, Nvidia won the contract to develop the graphics hardware for Microsoft's
Xbox game console, which earned Nvidia a $200 million advance. However, the project took many of its
best engineers away from other projects. In the short term this did not matter, and the GeForce2 GTS
shipped in the summer of 2000. In December 2000, Nvidia reached an agreement to acquire the intellectual
assets of its one-time rival 3dfx, a pioneer in consumer 3D graphics technology leading the field from the
mid-1990s until 2000.[40][41] The acquisition process was finalized in April 2002.[42]

In 2001, Standard & Poor's selected Nvidia to replace the departing Enron in the S&P 500 stock index,
meaning that index funds would need to hold Nvidia shares going forward.[43]

In July 2002, Nvidia acquired Exluna for an undisclosed sum. Exluna made software-rendering tools and
the personnel were merged into the Cg project.[44] In August 2003, Nvidia acquired MediaQ for
approximately US$70 million.[45] On April 22, 2004, Nvidia acquired iReady, also a provider of high-
performance TCP/IP and iSCSI offload solutions.[46] In December 2004, it was announced that Nvidia
would assist Sony with the design of the graphics processor (RSX) in the PlayStation 3 game console. On
December 14, 2005, Nvidia acquired ULI Electronics, which at the time supplied third-party southbridge
parts for chipsets to ATI, Nvidia's competitor.[47] In March 2006, Nvidia acquired Hybrid Graphics.[48] In
December 2006, Nvidia, along with its main rival in the graphics industry AMD (which had acquired ATI),
received subpoenas from the U.S. Department of Justice regarding possible antitrust violations in the
graphics card industry.[49]

2007–2014
Forbes named Nvidia its Company of the Year for 2007, citing the accomplishments it made during the said
period as well as during the previous five years.[50] On January 5, 2007, Nvidia announced that it had
completed the acquisition of PortalPlayer, Inc.[51] In February 2008, Nvidia acquired Ageia, developer of
PhysX, a physics engine and physics processing unit. Nvidia announced that it planned to integrate the
PhysX technology into its future GPU products.[52][53]

In July 2008, Nvidia took a write-down of approximately $200 million on its first-quarter revenue, after
reporting that certain mobile chipsets and GPUs produced by the company had "abnormal failure rates" due
to manufacturing defects. Nvidia, however, did not reveal the affected products. In September 2008, Nvidia
became the subject of a class action lawsuit over the defects, claiming that the faulty GPUs had been
incorporated into certain laptop models manufactured by Apple Inc., Dell, and HP. In September 2010,
Nvidia reached a settlement, in which it would reimburse owners of the affected laptops for repairs or, in
some cases, replacement.[54][55] On January 10, 2011, Nvidia signed a six-year, $1.5 billion cross-licensing
agreement with Intel, ending all litigation between the two companies.[56]
In November 2011, after initially unveiling it at Mobile World Congress, Nvidia released its Tegra 3 ARM
system on a chip for mobile devices. Nvidia claimed that the chip featured the first-ever quad-core mobile
CPU.[57][58] In May 2011, it was announced that Nvidia had agreed to acquire Icera, a baseband chip
making company in the UK, for $367 million.[59] In January 2013, Nvidia unveiled the Tegra 4, as well as
the Nvidia Shield, an Android-based handheld game console powered by the new system on a chip.[60] On
July 29, 2013, Nvidia announced that they acquired PGI from STMicroelectronics.[61]

In February 2013, Nvidia announced its plans to build a new headquarters in the form of two giant triangle-
shaped buildings on the other side of San Tomas Expressway (to the west of its existing headquarters
complex). The company selected triangles as its design theme. As Huang explained in a blog post, the
triangle is "the fundamental building block of computer graphics".[62]

In 2014, Nvidia ported the Valve games Portal and Half Life 2 to its Nvidia Shield tablet as Lightspeed
Studio.[63][64] Since 2014, Nvidia has diversified its business focusing on three markets: gaming,
automotive electronics, and mobile devices.[65]

2016–2018
On May 6, 2016, Nvidia unveiled the first GPUs of the GeForce 10
series, the GTX 1080 and 1070, based on the company's new
Pascal microarchitecture. Nvidia claimed that both models
outperformed its Maxwell-based Titan X model; the models
incorporate GDDR5X and GDDR5 memory respectively, and use
a 16 nm manufacturing process. The architecture also supports a Nvidia Titan X, part of the GeForce
new hardware feature known as simultaneous multi-projection 10 series
(SMP), which is designed to improve the quality of multi-monitor
and virtual reality rendering.[66][67][68] Laptops that include these
GPUs and are sufficiently thin – as of late 2017, under 0.8 inches (20 mm) – have been designated as
meeting Nvidia's "Max-Q" design standard.[69]

In July 2016, Nvidia agreed to a settlement for a false advertising lawsuit regarding its GTX 970 model, as
the models were unable to use all of their advertised 4 GB of RAM due to limitations brought by the design
of its hardware.[70] In May 2017, Nvidia announced a partnership with Toyota which will use Nvidia's
Drive PX-series artificial intelligence platform for its autonomous vehicles.[71] In July 2017, Nvidia and
Chinese search giant Baidu announced a far-reaching AI partnership that includes cloud computing,
autonomous driving, consumer devices, and Baidu's open-source AI framework PaddlePaddle. Baidu
unveiled that Nvidia's Drive PX 2 AI will be the foundation of its autonomous-vehicle platform.[72]

Nvidia officially released the Titan V on December 7, 2017.[73][74]

Nvidia officially released the Nvidia Quadro GV100 on March 27, 2018.[75] Nvidia officially released the
RTX 2080 GPUs on September 27, 2018. In 2018, Google announced that Nvidia's Tesla P4 graphic cards
would be integrated into Google Cloud service's artificial intelligence.[76]

In May 2018, on the Nvidia user forum, a thread was started[77] asking the company to update users when
they would release web drivers for its cards installed on legacy Mac Pro machines up to mid-2012 5,1
running the macOS Mojave operating system 10.14. Web drivers are required to enable graphics
acceleration and multiple display monitor capabilities of the GPU. On its Mojave update info website,
Apple stated that macOS Mojave would run on legacy machines with 'Metal compatible' graphics cards[78]
and listed Metal compatible GPUs, including some manufactured by Nvidia.[79] However, this list did not
include Metal compatible cards that currently work in macOS High Sierra using Nvidia-developed web
drivers. In September, Nvidia responded, "Apple fully controls drivers for macOS. But if Apple allows, our
engineers are ready and eager to help Apple deliver great drivers for macOS 10.14 (Mojave)."[80] In
October, Nvidia followed this up with another public announcement, "Apple fully controls drivers for
macOS. Unfortunately, Nvidia currently cannot release a driver unless it is approved by Apple,"[81]
suggesting a possible rift between the two companies.[82] By January 2019, with still no sign of the
enabling web drivers, Apple Insider weighed into the controversy with a claim that Apple management
"doesn't want Nvidia support in macOS".[83] The following month, Apple Insider followed this up with
another claim that Nvidia support was abandoned because of "relational issues in the past",[84] and that
Apple was developing its own GPU technology.[85] Without Apple-approved Nvidia web drivers, Apple
users are faced with replacing their Nvidia cards with a competing supported brand, such as AMD Radeon
from the list recommended by Apple.[86]

2019–acquisition of Mellanox Technologies

On March 11, 2019, Nvidia announced a deal to buy Mellanox
Technologies for $6.9 billion[87] to substantially expand its
footprint in the high-performance computing market. In May
2019, Nvidia announced new RTX Studio laptops. The creators
say that the new laptop is going to be seven times faster than a
top-end MacBook Pro with a Core i9 and AMD's Radeon Pro
Vega 20 graphics in apps like Maya and RedCine-X Pro.[88] In
August 2019, Nvidia announced Minecraft RTX, an official
Nvidia-developed patch for the game Minecraft adding real-time
DXR ray tracing exclusively to the Windows 10 version of the Nvidia Yokneam office (former Mellanox
Technologies) in Yokneam Illit, Israel,
game. The whole game is, in Nvidia's words, "refit" with path
March 2023
tracing, which dramatically affects the way light, reflections, and
shadows work inside the engine.[89]

2020–2023
In May 2020, Nvidia announced it was acquiring Cumulus Networks.[90] Post acquisition the company
was absorbed into Nvidia's networking business unit, along with Mellanox.

In May 2020, Nvidia's developed an open-source ventilator to address the shortage resulting from the global
coronavirus pandemic.[91] On May 14, 2020, Nvidia officially announced their Ampere GPU
microarchitecture and the Nvidia A100 GPU accelerator.[92][93] In July 2020, it was reported that Nvidia
was in talks with SoftBank to buy Arm, a UK-based chip designer, for $32 billion.[94]

On September 1, 2020, Nvidia officially announced the GeForce 30 series based on the company's new
Ampere microarchitecture.[95][96]

On September 13, 2020, it was announced that Nvidia would buy Arm from SoftBank Group for $40
billion, subject to the usual scrutiny, with the latter retaining a 10% share of Nvidia.[97][98][99][100]
In October 2020, Nvidia announced its plan to build the most powerful computer in Cambridge, England.
The computer, called Cambridge-1, launched in July 2021 with a $100 million investment and will employ
AI to support healthcare research.[101][102] According to Jensen Huang, "The Cambridge-1 supercomputer
will serve as a hub of innovation for the UK, and further the groundbreaking work being done by the
nation's researchers in critical healthcare and drug discovery."[103]

Also in October 2020, along with the release of the Nvidia RTX A6000, Nvidia announced it is retiring its
workstation GPU brand Quadro, shifting its product name to Nvidia RTX for future products and the
manufacturing to be Nvidia Ampere architecture-based.[9]

In August 2021, the proposed takeover of Arm was stalled after the UK's Competition and Markets
Authority raised "significant competition concerns".[104] In October 2021, the European Commission
opened a competition investigation into the takeover. The Commission stated that Nvidia's acquisition could
restrict competitors' access to Arm's products and provide Nvidia with too much internal information on its
competitors due to their deals with Arm. SoftBank (the parent company of Arm) and Nvidia announced in
early February 2022 that they "had agreed not to move forward with the transaction 'because of significant
regulatory challenges'".[105] The investigation is set to end on March 15, 2022.[106][107] That same month,
Nvidia was reportedly compromised by a cyberattack.[108]

In March 2022, Nvidia's CEO Jensen Huang mentioned that they are open to having Intel manufacture their
chips in the future.[109] This was the first time the company mentioned that they would work together with
Intel's upcoming foundry services.

In April 2022, it was reported that Nvidia planned to open a new research center in Yerevan, Armenia.[110]

In May 2022, Nvidia opened Voyager, the second of the two giant buildings at its new headquarters
complex to the west of the old one. Unlike its smaller and older sibling Endeavor, the triangle theming is
used more "sparingly" in Voyager.[111][112]

In September 2022, Nvidia announced its next-generation automotive-grade chip, Drive Thor.[113][114]

Following U.S. Department of Commerce regulations which placed an embargo on exports to China of
advanced microchips, which went into effect in October 2022, Nvidia saw its data center chip added to the
export control list. The next month, the company unveiled a new advanced chip in China, called the A800
GPU, that met the export control rules.[115]

In September 2023, Getty Images announced that it was partnering with Nvidia to launch Generative AI by
Getty Images, a new tool that lets people create images using Getty's library of licensed photos. Getty will
use Nvidia's Edify model, which is available on Nvidia's generative AI model library Picasso.[116]

2023–present, passing the $1 trillion mark

On September 26, 2023, Denny's CEO Kelli Valade joined Huang in East San Jose to celebrate the
founding of Nvidia at Denny's on Berryessa Road, where a plaque was installed to mark the relevant corner
booth as the birthplace of a $1 trillion company.[32][117] By then, Nvidia's H100 GPUs were in such
demand that even other tech giants were beholden to how Nvidia allocated supply. Larry Ellison of Oracle
Corporation said that month that during a dinner with Huang, he and Elon Musk of Tesla, Inc. and xAI
"were begging" for H100s, "I guess is the best way to describe it. An hour of sushi and begging".[118]
In October 2023, it was reported that Nvidia had quietly begun designing ARM-based central processing
units (CPUs) for Microsoft's Windows operating system with a target to start selling them in 2025.[119]

In January 2024, Forbes reported that Nvidia has increased its lobbying presence in Washington, D.C. as
American lawmakers consider proposals to regulate artificial intelligence. From 2023 to 2024, the company
reportedly hired at least four government affairs with professional backgrounds at agencies including the
United States Department of State and the Department of the Treasury. It was noted that the $350,000 spent
by the company on lobbying in 2023 was small compared to a number of major tech companies in the
artificial intelligence space.[120]

In February 2024, it was reported that Nvidia was the "hot employer" in Silicon Valley because it was
offering interesting work and good pay at a time when other tech employers were downsizing. Half of
Nvidia employees earned over $228,000 in 2023.[121] In February 2024, Nvidia began sampling two new
AI chips for China, reported its CEO. Nvidia's sales in China totaled $1.9 billion for Q4, comprising 9% of
total sales. In April 2024, China acquired banned Nvidia chips and servers from Super Micro and Dell via
tenders.[122]

On March 1, 2024, Nvidia became the third company in the history of the United States to close with a
market capitalization in excess of $2 trillion.[43] Nvidia needed only 180 days to get to $2 trillion from $1
trillion, while the first two companies, Apple and Microsoft, each took over 500 days.[43] Nvidia recorded
its highest market capitalization to date on March 8, 2024, with $2.38 trillion, just $230 billion behind
Apple Inc. and $645 billion behind Microsoft.[123] On March 18, Nvidia announced its new AI chip and
microarchitecture Blackwell, which is named after David Blackwell.[124]

Fabless manufacturing
Nvidia uses external suppliers for all phases of manufacturing, including wafer fabrication, assembly,
testing, and packaging. Nvidia thus avoids most of the investment and production costs and risks associated
with chip manufacturing, although it does sometimes directly procure some components and materials used
in the production of its products (e.g. memory and substrates). Nvidia focuses its own resources on product
design, quality assurance, marketing, and customer support.[125][126]

Corporate affairs
Sales by business unit (2023)[127]
Leadership Business unit Sales (billion $) Share
Nvidia's key management as of early 2024 consists Compute & networking 47.4 77.8%
of:[128] Graphics 13.5 22.2%

Jensen Huang, founder, president and chief Sales by region (2023)[127]

executive officer
Region Sales (billion $) Share
Chris Malachowsky, founder and NVIDIA fellow
Colette Kress, executive vice president and chief United States 27.0 44.3%
financial officer Taiwan 13.4 22.0%
Jay Puri, executive vice president of worldwide field
China 10.3 16.9%
operations
Debora Shoquist, executive vice president of Other countries 10.2 16.8%
operations
 Tim Teter, executive vice president, general counsel and secretary

Board of directors
As of March 2024, the company's board consisted of the following directors:[129]

Rob Burgess (former chief executive officer of Macromedia Inc.)

Tench Coxe (former managing director of Sutter Hill Ventures)
John Dabiri (engineer and professor at the California Institute of Technology)
Persis Drell (physicist and professor at Stanford University)
Jensen Huang (co-founder, CEO and president of Nvidia)
Dawn Hudson (former Chief Marketing Officer of the National Football League)
Harvey C. Jones (managing partner of Square Wave Ventures)
Melissa B. Lora (former president of Taco Bell International)
Michael G. McCaffery (chairman at Makena Capital Management)
Stephen Neal (former CEO and Chairman Emeritus and Senior Counsel of Cooley LLP)
Mark L. Perry (independent consultant)
Brooke Seawell (venture partner at New Enterprise Associates)
Aarti Shah (former Senior Vice President & Chief Information and Digital Officer at Eli Lilly
and Company)
Mark Stevens (managing Partner at S-Cubed Capital)

Finances
For the fiscal year 2020, Nvidia reported earnings of US$2.796
billion, with an annual revenue of US$10.918 billion, a decline
of 6.8% over the previous fiscal cycle. Nvidia's shares traded at
over $531 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at
over US$328.7 billion in January 2021.[130]

For the Q2 of 2020, Nvidia reported sales of $3.87 billion, which Nvidia stock price (1999–2023)
was a 50% rise from the same period in 2019. The surge in sales
and people's higher demand for computer technology. According
to the financial chief of the company, Colette Kress, the effects of the pandemic will "likely reflect this
evolution in enterprise workforce trends with a greater focus on technologies, such as Nvidia laptops and
virtual workstations, that enable remote work and virtual collaboration."[131] In May 2023, Nvidia crossed
$1 trillion in market valuation during trading hours,[132] and grew to $1.2 trillion by the following
November.[133] For its strength, size and market capitalization, Nvidia has been selected to be one of
Bloomberg's "Magnificent Seven", the seven biggest companies on the stock market in these regards.

Ownership
The 10 largest shareholders of Nvidia in early 2024 were:[127]

The Vanguard Group (8.280%)

BlackRock (5.623%)
Fidelity Investments (5.161%)
 State Street Corporation (3.711%) 10-year financials (2014–2023)
Jensen Huang (3.507%) Revenue Net income
Year Employees
Geode Capital Management (2.024%) (mil. US$) (mil. US$)
T. Rowe Price (2.013%) 2014 4,682 631 6,384
JPMorgan Chase (1.417%)
2015 5,010 614 9,227
BlackRock Life (1.409%)
2016 6,910 1,666 10,299
Eaton Vance (1.337%)
2017 9,714 3,047 11,528

GPU Technology Conference 2018 11,716 4,141 13,277

2019 10,918 2,796 13,775
Nvidia's GPU Technology Conference (GTC) is a series of
technical conferences held around the world.[134] It 2020 16,675 4,332 18,975

originated in 2009 in San Jose, California, with an initial 2021 26,914 9,752 22,473
focus on the potential for solving computing challenges 2022 26,974 4,368 26,000
through GPUs. [135] In recent years, the conference focus
2023 60,922 29,760 29,600
has shifted to various applications of artificial intelligence
and deep learning; including self-driving cars, healthcare, high-performance computing, and Nvidia Deep
Learning Institute (DLI) training.[136] GTC 2018 attracted over 8400 attendees.[134] GTC 2020 was
converted to a digital event and drew roughly 59,000 registrants.[137] After several years of remote-only
events, GTC in March 2024 returned to an in-person format in San Jose, California.[138]

Product families
Nvidia's product families include graphics processing units, wireless
communication devices, and automotive hardware and software,
such as:

GeForce, consumer-oriented graphics processing

products
Nvidia RTX, professional visual computing graphics
processing products (replacing GTX and Quadro)
NVS, multi-display business graphics solution A Shield Tablet with its
Tegra, a system on a chip series for mobile devices accompanying input pen (left) and
gamepad
Tesla, dedicated general-purpose GPU for high-end
image generation applications in professional and
scientific fields
nForce, a motherboard chipset created by Nvidia for Intel (Celeron, Pentium and Core 2) and
AMD (Athlon and Duron) microprocessors
Nvidia GRID, a set of hardware and services by Nvidia for graphics virtualization
Nvidia Shield, a range of gaming hardware including the Shield Portable, Shield Tablet and,
most recently, the Shield Android TV
Nvidia Drive, a range of hardware and software products for designers and manufacturers of
autonomous vehicles. The Drive PX-series is a high-performance computer platform aimed
at autonomous driving through deep learning,[139] while Driveworks is an operating system
for driverless cars.[140]
Nvidia BlueField, a range of data processing units, initially inherited from their acquisition of
Mellanox Technologies[141][142]
 Nvidia Datacenter/Server class CPU, codenamed Nvidia Grace, released in 2023[143][144]

Open-source software support

Until September 23, 2013, Nvidia had not published any documentation for its advanced hardware,[145]
meaning that programmers could not write free and open-source device driver for its products without
resorting to (clean room) reverse engineering.

Instead, Nvidia provides its own binary GeForce graphics drivers for X.Org and an open-source library that
interfaces with the Linux, FreeBSD or Solaris kernels and the proprietary graphics software. Nvidia also
provided but stopped supporting an obfuscated open-source driver that only supports two-dimensional
hardware acceleration and ships with the X.Org distribution.[146]

The proprietary nature of Nvidia's drivers has generated dissatisfaction within free-software communities. In
a 2012 talk, Linus Torvalds, in criticism of Nvidia's approach towards Linux, raised the finger and stated
"Nvidia, fuck you."[147][148] Some Linux and BSD users insist on using only open-source drivers and
regard Nvidia's insistence on providing nothing more than a binary-only driver as inadequate, given that
competing manufacturers such as Intel offer support and documentation for open-source developers and that
others (like AMD) release partial documentation and provide some active development.[149][150]

Nvidia only provides x86/x64 and ARMv7-A versions of their proprietary driver; as a result, features like
CUDA are unavailable on other platforms.[151] Some users claim that Nvidia's Linux drivers impose
artificial restrictions, like limiting the number of monitors that can be used at the same time, but the
company has not commented on these accusations.[152]

In 2014, with Maxwell GPUs, Nvidia started to require firmware by them to unlock all features of its
graphics cards.[153][154][155]

On 12 May 2022, Nvidia announced that they are opensourcing their GPU kernel modules.[156][157][158]
Support for Nvidia's firmware was implemented in nouveau in 2023, which allows proper power
management and GPU reclocking for Turing and newer graphics cards.[159][160]

Deep learning
Nvidia GPUs are used in deep learning, and accelerated analytics due to Nvidia's CUDA software platform
and API which allows programmers to utilize the higher number of cores present in GPUs to parallelize
BLAS operations which are extensively used in machine learning algorithms.[13] They were included in
many Tesla, Inc. vehicles before Musk announced at Tesla Autonomy Day in 2019 that the company
developed its own SoC and full self-driving computer now and would stop using Nvidia hardware for their
vehicles.[161][162] These GPUs are used by researchers, laboratories, tech companies and enterprise
companies.[163] In 2009, Nvidia was involved in what was called the "big bang" of deep learning, "as
deep-learning neural networks were combined with Nvidia graphics processing units (GPUs)".[164] That
year, the Google Brain used Nvidia GPUs to create Deep Neural Networks capable of machine learning,
where Andrew Ng determined that GPUs could increase the speed of deep-learning systems by about 100
times.[165]

DGX
DGX is a line of supercomputers by Nvidia.

In April 2016, Nvidia produced the DGX-1 based on an 8 GPU cluster, to improve the ability of users to
use deep learning by combining GPUs with integrated deep learning software.[166] Nvidia gifted its first
DGX-1 to OpenAI in August 2016 to help it train larger and more complex AI models with the capability
of reducing processing time from six days to two hours.[167][168] It also developed Nvidia Tesla K80 and
P100 GPU-based virtual machines, which are available through Google Cloud, which Google installed in
November 2016.[169] Microsoft added GPU servers in a preview offering of its N series based on Nvidia's
Tesla K80s, each containing 4992 processing cores. Later that year, AWS's P2 instance was produced using
up to 16 Nvidia Tesla K80 GPUs. That month Nvidia also partnered with IBM to create a software kit that
boosts the AI capabilities of Watson,[170] called IBM PowerAI.[171][172] Nvidia also offers its own Nvidia
Deep Learning software development kit.[173] In 2017, the GPUs were also brought online at the Riken
Center for Advanced Intelligence Project for Fujitsu.[174] The company's deep learning technology led to a
boost in its 2017 earnings.[175]

In May 2018, researchers at the artificial intelligence department of Nvidia realized the possibility that a
robot can learn to perform a job simply by observing the person doing the same job. They have created a
system that, after a short revision and testing, can already be used to control the universal robots of the next
generation. In addition to GPU manufacturing, Nvidia provides parallel processing capabilities to
researchers and scientists that allow them to efficiently run high-performance applications.[176]

Inception Program
Nvidia's Inception Program was created to support startups making exceptional advances in the fields of
artificial intelligence and data science. Award winners are announced at Nvidia's GTC Conference. In May
2017, the program had 1,300 companies.[177] As of March 2018, there were 2,800 startups in the Inception
Program.[178] As of August 2021, the program has surpassed 8,500 members in 90 countries, with
cumulative funding of US$60 billion.[179]

Controversies

Maxwell advertising dispute

GTX 970 hardware specifications

Issues with the GeForce GTX 970's specifications were first brought up by users when they found out that
the cards, while featuring 4 GB of memory, rarely accessed memory over the 3.5 GB boundary. Further
testing and investigation eventually led to Nvidia issuing a statement that the card's initially announced
specifications had been altered without notice before the card was made commercially available, and that
the card took a performance hit once memory over the 3.5 GB limit were put into use.[180][181][182]

The card's back-end hardware specifications, initially announced as being identical to those of the GeForce
GTX 980, differed in the amount of L2 cache (1.75 MB versus 2 MB in the GeForce GTX 980) and the
number of ROPs (56 versus 64 in the 980). Additionally, it was revealed that the card was designed to
access its memory as a 3.5 GB section, plus a 0.5 GB one, access to the latter being 7 times slower than the
first one.[183] The company then went on to promise a specific driver modification in order to alleviate the
performance issues produced by the cutbacks suffered by the card.[184] However, Nvidia later clarified that
the promise had been a miscommunication and there would be no specific driver update for the GTX
970.[185] Nvidia claimed that it would assist customers who wanted refunds in obtaining them.[186] On
February 26, 2015, Nvidia CEO Jen-Hsun Huang went on record in Nvidia's official blog to apologize for
the incident.[187] In February 2015 a class-action lawsuit alleging false advertising was filed against Nvidia
and Gigabyte Technology in the U.S. District Court for Northern California.[188][189]

Nvidia revealed that it is able to disable individual units, each containing 256KB of L2 cache and 8 ROPs,
without disabling whole memory controllers.[190] This comes at the cost of dividing the memory bus into
high speed and low speed segments that cannot be accessed at the same time unless one segment is reading
while the other segment is writing because the L2/ROP unit managing both of the GDDR5 controllers
shares the read return channel and the write data bus between the two GDDR5 controllers and itself.[190]
This is used in the GeForce GTX 970, which therefore can be described as having 3.5 GB in its high speed
segment on a 224-bit bus and 0.5 GB in a low speed segment on a 32-bit bus.[190]

On July 27, 2016, Nvidia agreed to a preliminary settlement of the U.S. class action lawsuit,[188] offering a
$30 refund on GTX 970 purchases. The agreed upon refund represents the portion of the cost of the storage
and performance capabilities the consumers assumed they were obtaining when they purchased the
card.[191]

GeForce Partner Program

The Nvidia GeForce Partner Program was a marketing program designed to provide partnering companies
with benefits such as public relations support, video game bundling, and marketing development funds.[192]
The program proved to be controversial, with complaints about it possibly being an anti-competitive
practice.[193]

First announced in a blog post on March 1, 2018,[194] it was canceled on May 4, 2018.[195]

Hardware Unboxed controversy

On December 10, 2020, Nvidia told popular YouTube tech reviewer Steven Walton of Hardware Unboxed
that it would no longer supply him with GeForce Founders Edition graphics card review units.[196][197] In
a Twitter message, Hardware Unboxed said, "Nvidia have officially decided to ban us from receiving
GeForce Founders Edition GPU review samples. Their reasoning is that we are focusing on rasterization
instead of ray tracing. They have said they will revisit this 'should your editorial direction change.'"[198]

In emails that were disclosed by Walton from Nvidia Senior PR Manager Bryan Del Rizzo, Nvidia had
said:

...your GPU reviews and recommendations have continued to focus singularly on rasterization
performance, and you have largely discounted all of the other technologies we offer gamers. It
is very clear from your community commentary that you do not see things the same way that
we, gamers, and the rest of the industry do.[199]
TechSpot, partner site of Hardware Unboxed, said, "this and other related incidents raise serious questions
around journalistic independence and what they are expecting of reviewers when they are sent products for
an unbiased opinion."[199]

A number of prominent technology reviewers came out strongly against Nvidia's move.[200][201] Linus
Sebastian, of Linus Tech Tips, titled the episode of his popular weekly WAN Show, "NVIDIA might
ACTUALLY be EVIL..."[202] and was highly critical of the company's move to dictate specific outcomes
of technology reviews.[203] The popular review site Gamers Nexus said it was, "Nvidia's latest decision to
shoot both its feet: They've now made it so that any reviewers covering RT will become subject to scrutiny
from untrusting viewers who will suspect subversion by the company. Shortsighted self-own from
NVIDIA."[204]

Two days later, Nvidia reversed their stance.[205][206] Hardware Unboxed sent out a Twitter message, "I
just received an email from Nvidia apologizing for the previous email & they've now walked everything
back."[207][200] On December 14, Hardware Unboxed released a video explaining the controversy from
their viewpoint.[208] Via Twitter, they also shared a second apology sent by Nvidia's Del Rizzo that said "to
withhold samples because I didn't agree with your commentary is simply inexcusable and crossed the
line."[209][210]

Improper disclosures about cryptomining

In 2018, Nvidia's chips became popular for cryptomining, the process of obtaining crypto rewards in
exchange for verifying transactions on distributed ledgers, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC) said. However, the company failed to disclose that it was a "significant element" of its revenue
growth from sales of chips designed for gaming, the SEC further added in a statement and charging order.
Those omissions misled investors and analysts who were interested in understanding the impact of
cryptomining on Nvidia's business, the SEC emphasized. Nvidia, which did not admit or deny the findings,
has agreed to pay $5.5 million to settle civil charges, according to a statement made by the SEC in May
2022.[211]

See also
San Francisco
Bay Area portal
Companies portal

Electronics portal

Technology portal
 Fast approximate anti-aliasing
General-purpose computing on graphics processing units
Huang's law
Molecular modeling on GPUs
GPU workstations
Groq

Notes
a. Officially written as NVIDIA and stylized in its logo as nVIDIA with the lowercase "n" the
same height as the uppercase "VIDIA"; formerly stylized as nVIDIA with a large italicized
lowercase "n" on products from the mid 1990s to early-mid 2000s.[3]
b. Though unofficial, second letter capitalization of NVIDIA, i.e. nVidia, may be found within
enthusiast communities and publications.[4]

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External links
Official website (https://www.nvidia.com)
Nvidia Developer website (https://developer.nvidia.com/)
Business data for Nvidia: Bloomberg (https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/NVDA:US) · Google
(https://www.google.com/finance/quote/NVDA:NASDAQ) · Reuters (https://www.reuters.com/
markets/companies/NVDA.O) · SEC filings (https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?actio
n=getcompany&CIK=1045810) · Yahoo! (https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/NVDA)

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