METHODS

This section of the document delves into the methodology employed by the
researcher to systematically address the specific issues outlined. It will cover the
techniques used for data collection, the structure of the research, the resources utilized,
and the reasoning behind these choices.

Research Method
This study utilized the approaches of developmental research, which involve
analyzing, describing, and evaluating the product development process. The essence of
developmental research lies in the systematic exploration of our creations, tools, methods,
and theories to furnish dependable and practical insights for practitioners and theorists
alike. This type of research is closely intertwined with practical application, establishing
a reciprocal relationship where real-world practice influences research, and research, in
turn, influences practice (Richey & Klein, 2005). Developmental research methodologies
enable the examination of fresh models, tools, and processes, aiming to predict their
effectiveness and efficiency reliably while simultaneously tackling the urgent issues
within this domain. (Richey et al., 2004).
Conceptual Framework. This research employed the ADDIE Model due to its
simplicity and effectivity. Using ADDIE, a structured methodology in the design and
assessment phases, offered a framework for the project, bringing clarity and a strategic
direction throughout the process (Hess & Greer, 2016).
 Fig 1: ADDIE Model Development Phase

As shown in Figure 1, the conceptual framework of the study encompasses these

following key parameters to serve as a guide all throughout the research from conception
to materialization. The researchers utilized the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development,
Implementation and Evaluation) Model:
A. Analysis
 The stage wherein the researchers assessed the particular objectives and
outcomes for the design and development of the device. The researchers
conducted a thorough needs assessment to understand the requirements
and preferences of the target audience.
B. Design
 The stage wherein the researchers brainstormed ideas for the design of the
device that will meet the intended specifications, characteristics, and
feature of the device. This includes the layout and wiring diagram of the
trainer system that will solidify the functionality in the long run.
Moreover, the researchers selected certain electronic components to
 integrate in the trainer system. The criteria for selecting the components
were based on these following criteria: availability, quality, compatibility,
and cost-effectivity.
C. Development
 The stage wherein the design and concepts acquired was materialized and
created enabling tests and evaluation to be conducted on the device. The
researchers implemented safety measures to protect users from electrical
hazards.
D. Implementation
 The stage wherein the researchers conducted tests to the target audience
for data collection and data analysis to draw conclusions and determine
whether the device is reliable or not. The researchers collected feedback
from the users to identify areas of improvement. Also, the researchers
provided the training and instructions for using the electronics trainer for
an efficient testing of the device.
E. Evaluation
 The stage wherein evaluation was conducted to assess the user’s
acceptability of the device in terms of particular parameters such as ease
of use, educational value, and cost-effectiveness through surveys. The
device underwent improvement based on the data acquired from the tests
and evaluation.
D. Revision
 The stage wherein researchers analyzed the data gathered to identify
common issues, pain points, and areas for improvement then implement
the improvement to the device as efficient as possible.
Research Design
Given that the paper pertains to developmental research, we decided to implement
a quantitative research design to ensure a systematic and concentrated approach.
Quantitative research relies on standardized procedures and numerical data, which
enhances objectivity and facilitates reproducibility. Quantitative research involves
quantifying and analyzing variables to obtain outcomes.
It entails the utilization and examination of numerical data employing specialized
statistical methods to address questions such as who, how much, what, where, when, how
many, and how (Apuke, 2017). Using numerical data proved to be more advantageous for
gathering data during the testing and evaluation phase. The data obtained through
quantitative research design offers an objective foundation for measurement and
evaluation, particularly in reliability and acceptability tests. Additionally, numerical data
was simpler to manipulate when creating tables and graphs.
Population. The researchers concluded that the ideal population to gather data for
this study are the Electrical Engineering Students and Electrical Practitioners/Professors
in Legazpi City. The researchers chose this population because the effectiveness of the
trainer will be demonstrated if the data collected from these individuals yield positive
results.
Sample. The researchers chose to employ a convenience sampling approach,
which involves collecting data from individuals readily available within the vicinity. Data
was obtained from a total of 25 individuals, comprising 15 Electrical Engineering
students and 10 Electrical Practitioners in Legazpi City.
Data Gathering Tool. Surveys were employed as the statistical instrument for
data collection. The researchers opted to conduct surveys as the data gathering tool due to
the numerous benefits it provides to the researchers such as cost-effectivity and
efficiency. It can also be replicated or modified for future research making them a
flexible tool for gathering information over time.
Data Gathering Procedure. Respondents were tasked with utilizing the trainer to
perform predefined activities by the researchers, followed by completing a survey to
assess the device's acceptability. The survey utilized numerical scales for respondents to
rate their responses. The researchers opted for this method of data collection to enable
respondents to engage authentically with the survey, drawing on their technical
knowledge of electronics to assess the device's acceptability accurately. During the
reliability test, the researchers performed tasks on the trainer themselves to assess
whether the device meets the specific parameters outlined in the study.
Data Analysis. The researchers used a 5-point Likert scale to measure the data
gathered. The researchers opted for this method as it generates quantitative data, allowing
the researcher to perform statistical analysis. Likert scales offered the researchers a
standardized framework for gathering data, boosting the effectiveness of data collection
and ensuring consistency throughout the research process.
A. Interpretation of Data in Acceptability Test
 5 – Strongly Agree
 4 – Agree
 3 – Neutral
 2 – Disagree
 1 – Strongly Disagree
B. Interpretation of Data in Reliability Test
 1 – Passed
 0 – Failed

The statistical method used to determine the average of the data that enabled
researchers to draw conclusions is the simple mean method:

M = ∑n
x

M = mean
x = data acquired
n = total number of terms

The researchers utilized a scale to gauge the acceptability and reliability of the
device by assessing its average data or mean.
 Scale Evaluation
5.00 – 4.20 Highly Acceptable
4.19 – 3.40 Moderately Acceptable
3. 39 – 2.60 Acceptable
2.59 – 1.80 Fairly Acceptable
1.79 – 1.00 Poorly Acceptable
Table 1: Acceptability Scale

Scale Evaluation
1.00 – 0.80 Highly Reliable
0.79 – 0.60 Moderately Reliable
0.59 – 0.40 Reliable
0.39 – 0.20 Fairly Reliable
0.19 – 0.00 Poorly Reliable
Table 2: Reliability Scale

Acceptability Test
The table below shows the questions the researchers used to evaluate the acceptability
of the device in terms of:
A. Ease of Use

Strongly Strongly
Disagree Neutral Agree
Questions Disagree Agree
(2) (3) (4)
(1) (5)

The device is user friendly

I don’t notice any
inconsistencies as I use it

The device is flexible and

 accessible
Person with or without basic
knowledge in electronics can use
it
I can easily redo the connections
when needed
Table 3: Ease of Use Survey Datasheet

B. Usefulness

Strongly Strongly
Disagree Neutral Agree
Questions Disagree Agree
(2) (3) (4)
(1) (5)

The device helps me understand

basic principles of electronics
It does everything I would
expect it to perform
It can help gain insights for
future projects involving
electronics
The device’s functionality is
satisfactory
The device simulates real-world
electronic applications
Table 4: Usefulness Survey Datasheet

C. Educational Value

Strongly Strongly
Disagree Neutral Agree
Questions Disagree Agree
(2) (3) (4)
(1) (5)
 The device provided adequate
learning experiences for
electronic concepts
It improved your understanding
on electronic principles
The device effectively conveyed
the intended concepts and skills
The learning experience on
electronics met your
expectations
The device provided practical
skills or knowledge applicable to
real-world situations
Table 5: Educational Value Survey Datasheet

Reliability Test
The reliability test was conducted to ensure that the device is consistent and
dependable in producing efficient performance over time and under varying conditions.
The table below showed the tests and trials conducted on the device in terms of:
A. Power Supply
 The researchers opted to execute a test where the adjustable power supply
is configured to a particular output voltage and left to operate for an
extended duration. Subsequently, the researchers utilized a multimeter to
measure its capacity to sustain a steady output voltage. The table below
showed the tests conducted and the parameters considered for the tests.
 Tests Setting Duration Remarks
Test 1 3V 30 minutes
Test 2 4V 30 minutes
Test 3 5V 30 minutes
Test 4 6V 30 minutes
Test 5 7V 30 minutes
Test 6 8V 30 minutes
Test 7 9V 30 minutes
Test 8 10V 30 minutes
Test 9 11V 30 minutes
Test 10 12V 30 minutes
Table 6: Power Supply Reliability Test
B. Circuits Functionality
 The researchers employed various circuit configurations to evaluate the
trainer's performance. The researchers configured series, parallel, and
series and parallel circuits to determine the reliability of the trainer when it
comes to functionality. The table below showed the tests conducted and
the parameters considered for the tests.

Tests Wiring Configuration Remarks

Test 1 Series
Test 2 Series
Test 3 Series
Test 4 Series
Test 5 Parallel
Test 6 Parallel
Test 7 Parallel
Test 8 Parallel
Test 9 Series and Parallel
Test 10 Series and Parallel
Table 7: Circuits Functionality Reliability Test
 C. Electronic Components
 The researchers opted to subject the electronic components to voltages
slightly above its ratings at an extended period to assess its long-term
reliability. The table below showed the tests conducted and the parameters
considered for the tests.

Tests Setting Duration Remarks

Test 1 15 minutes
Test 2 15 minutes
Test 3 15 minutes
Test 4 15 minutes
Test 5 15 minutes
Test 6 15 minutes
Test 7 15 minutes
Test 8 15 minutes
Test 9 15 minutes
Test 10 15 minutes
Table 8: Electronic Components Reliability Test

Ethical Considerations
The researchers properly informed the respondents regarding the purpose,
procedures, potential risks, and benefits of the research before they agreed to participate.
Respondents were under no obligation or pressure to participate in testing the device if
they felt they were not capable of doing so. The researcher chose an alternative where
providing one's name is not mandatory, aimed to create a comfortable environment for
respondents to answer the survey. The collected data was solely utilized for research
objectives, and measures were taken by the researchers to dissociate responses from
individuals to reduce the likelihood of identification. The researchers upheld the rights
and well-being of the respondents and ensured the integrity and credibility of their
research findings.
Materials
A