This Architecture for base IP, which corresponds to the
packet level of the architecture of the reference model.
In reality, it corresponds only partially at this level. The IP
protocol was designed as interconnection protocol. It
define a data block of a well defined format. It
containing an address but no other functionality. Its role
was to carry that data block in a package. It used any
other packet transfer technique to transfer data block.
This technique used in first generation IP, called IPv4. It
is commonly used today. The second version of IP
protocol is IPv6.
IP Packets are independent of each other. It routed
individually within the network through routers.
In TCP message-level features includes of the reference
model. This is a fairly complex protocol. It has many
option to solve all the problems of packet loss in the
lower levels.
TCP is connection-oriented mode, unlike UDP. This Last
UDP is also positioned at the transport level. It can not
be considered as application that require little service
from the transport layer.
Protocols located above TCP and UDP application type
and are derived largely from the UNIX world.
The power of this architecture is based on the flexibility
of its implementation over any existing network.
For Example, X and Y are a local network and a wide
area network to switch cells or packets. The IP protocol
is implemented on all machines connected to both
network. To make it possible to move from one network
to another, router, whose role is to uncap the packet
came from the X network and retrieve the IP packet is
set up. After treatment mainly routing the IP packets is
encapsulated in the packet network Y. The role of the
router is routing the packets to the correct destination.
The Internet network interconnect architecture is
illustrated in Figure.
TCP TCP
IP
IP IP
Network X Network Y
Fig:Interconnection architecture of the internet
The flexibility of this architecture can sometimes be a
default. In the sense that the overall network
optimization is performed subnet by subnet. Therefore,
it is obtained by a succession of local optimization.
An important feature of the TCP/IP architecture is:
The intelligence and network control are almost entirely
in the terminal machine and not in the network at least
for IPv4.
The control intelligence is in the PC end specifically in
the TCP software. The TCP window control increases or
decreases the traffic according to the speed required to
make a return. The cost of infrastructure is extremely
low. The network does its best to carry the traffic.
TCP/IP Protocol Fundamental:
TCP/IP is a layered protocol widely used in networking.
The networking protocol such as TCP/IP also work in a
similar fashion while sending information and data from
one device to another. It has four layers that divide the
task accordingly. They are the Application Layer,
Transport Layer, Networking Layer and the Data Link
Layer from top to bottom. All these Layers have their
specific functions.
TCP/IP Protocol Architecture:
It is four-layered protocol stack. It helps in the
interconnection of network devices over the internet.
Each layer contains certain protocols that help in the
functioning of the layer.
Process to Process
APPLICATION LAYER HTTP HTTP
Host to host
TRANSPORT LAYER TCP TCP
INTERNET LAYER IP IP
IP IP
LINK LAYER LAN LA WA WA LAN LAN
DATA-FLOW OF- TCP/IP-PROTOCOL
The Application, Presentation and Session Layers of the
OSI model are combined as the Application Layer in the
TCP/IP protocol. It is the top layer of this protocol stack.
This layer controls the user-interface and node-to-node
communication. This layer provides the network
interface. It send the data to the transport layer.
The flow control and correction of data manage the
transport layer. User Datagram Protocol are present in
the transport layer. After the transport layer, the control
is given to the internet layer.
The Internet layer is also known as the network layer. Its
function is to move the data packets over the internet to
the destination. The most important protocol IP Protocol
is present in this layer.
This protocol is responsible for:
Adding the IP addresses to the data
Routing the packets
Data Encapsulation
Formating
The last layer in the TCP/IP protocol stack is the
Network Access Layer. It is the combination of the
physical and data link layer of the OSI model. This layer
controlled the transmission of data through a network
between two devices.
Summary:
In the discussion of TCP/IP Protocol we read about
TCP/IP Protocol and how does it work. Why it is
important ?
We read about TCP/IP Architecture and TCP/IP Protocol
architecture. In the architecture we learn how data flow
in TCP/IP Protocol.And we shortly learn about TCP/IP
Layer
Reference:
TCP/IP Protocol - Architecture, Protocol Suite and
Layers (elprocus.com)
TCP/IP Architecture - Computer Notes
(ecomputernotes.com)
TCP/IP: What is TCP/IP and How Does it Work?
(techtarget.com)
Q.1: TCP/IP Protocol is widely used to transport
data over a network between nodes. Draw and
explain the architecture of TCP/IP protocol
architecture ?
TCP/IP:
TCP/IP stand for Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol. It is a suit of communication
protocol . It is used to interconnect network device on
the internet. TCP/IP is also used as a communications
protocol in a private computer network.
TCP/IP Work:
TCP/IP uses the client-server model for communication.
There user or machine is provides services. Services
may be sending a webpage, by another computer in the
network.
The TCP/IP suit of protocols is classified as stateless.
Because it is stateless frees up network paths so they
can be used continuously.
Transport layer transmits a single message. Its
connection remains in place until all message reach its
destination.
The TCP/IP model different slightly from the seven-layer
Open System Interconnection networking model after
designed it.
TCP/IP IMPORTANTS:
The IP suite can be modified easily. It is compatible with
all operating system. It can communicate with any other
system. The IP suit is also compatible with all types of
computer hardware and network.
It can determine the most efficient path through the
network. It is used in current internet architecture.
TCP/IP Architecture:
In the 1970s, the Department of Defense decided before
the proliferation of machines using different
incompatible communication protocols to define its own
architecture.
This architecture is called TCP/IP. It is source of
internets.
The two main protocols defines in this architecture are:
IP (Internet Protocol), It Provides connectionless
services.
TCP ( Transmission Control Protocol ), It Provides a
service with reliable connection.
TCP/IP define a layered architecture .This architecture
is show in below FIG. Note in this figure the appearance
of another level protocol message UDP.
Telnet FTP SMTP
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
IP(Internet Protocol)
