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Inductive Deductive

The document discusses inductive and deductive reasoning, describing them as two different methods used to draw conclusions and analyze information. Inductive reasoning moves from specific observations to general conclusions, while deductive reasoning begins with general premises and ends with specific conclusions. Examples of each type of reasoning are provided.

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36 views7 pages

Inductive Deductive

The document discusses inductive and deductive reasoning, describing them as two different methods used to draw conclusions and analyze information. Inductive reasoning moves from specific observations to general conclusions, while deductive reasoning begins with general premises and ends with specific conclusions. Examples of each type of reasoning are provided.

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INDUCTIVE

REASONING

DECUCTIVE
BY : SHEENA MAE M. MANSINADES
Reasoning - the process of thinking about something in a
logical way in order to form a conclusion or judgment;
passing from one judgment to a new judgment.

Inductive and Deductive are two different methods of reasoning


used to draw conclusions, make predictions, and analyze
information.
Thet are often contrasted as follows:
INDUCTIVE REASONING
is usually described as moving from the specific to the general
arguments based on experience or observation are best
expressed inductively
For example: "I've noticed previously that every Tuesday it
rains, therefore, it will rain next Tuesday."

DEDUCTIVE REASONIG
begins with the general and ends with the specific
arguments rooted in laws, rules, or other commonly accepted
beliefs are best expressed deductively
For example: "Everything that goes up must come down. And so, if
you kick the ball up, it must come down." (Newton's Law of
Gravity)
INDUCTIVE REASONING
ex.
Observation 1: The sun has risen every day in recorded history.
Observation 2: The sun rises today.
Generlization: Therefore, the sun will likely rise tomorrow.
This conclusion us based on past observations but is not
guaranteed.

DEDUCTIVE REASONIG
ex.
Premise 1: All humans are mortal.
Premise 2: Socrates is a human.
Conclusion: Therefore, Socrates is mortal.
This coclusion is certain if the premises are true.
Inductive research uses more qualitative analysis,
like textual or visual analysis, to find patterns and
themes in the data.
Deductive research uses more quantitative
methods, like statistical analysis, to test and
confirm the theory or hypothesis
Examples – determine whether each scenario’s conclusion is
based on inductive or deductive reasoning.

1. In biology class you learned that one characteristic of mammals is


that they are all warm-blooded. You conclude that your dog must be
warm-blooed. (deductive)

2. Every type of fish that you have seen at the aquarium has been a
vertebrate. You conclude that all fish are vertebrates . (inductive)

3. After studying the biographies of the past 30 pennsylvania


senators, you observe that each senator has been older than 36. You
conclude that one requirement for being a senator is that you must be
older than 36.(inductive)

4. In american political systems you learned that one requirement to


be president of the united states is that you must be a natural born
citizen. You conclude that bill clinton is a natural born citizen.
(deductive)
THANK YOU

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