Oguide
Oguide
RESCUE OPERATIONS:
Many O-ring applications, of course, involve metal parts turned out on lathes
and screw machines. Inevitably, some large production runs are found
beyond tolerance. The established O-ring size will not perform its sealing
function. Many dollars worth of expensive metal and material go down the
drain. However, the resourceful design engineer can rescue the situation
oftentimes by the use of a special size O-ring.
specified and on which, in most instances, you may find a full-size drawing to
assist you in your consideration of the O-ring.
In a static seal, where the O-ring does not move and is used simply for
containing pressure or maintaining a vacuum, the ring may be compressed
AXIALLY or parallel to a line drawn through the center or axis of the ring. In
this case, you will use the dimensions under AXIAL opposite the cross section
of the ring you desire.
Although the depth and width of the groove will remain the same for all Axial
static seals, the I.D. and O.D. of the groove will vary depending on whether
you are sealing against internal pressure or external pressure (a vacuum in the
vessel being sealed.).
In the case of internal pressure, the O.D. of the groove should be the same as
the O.D. of the ring, plus the normal tolerance for that size ring.
In the case of external pressure (i.e., a vacuum in the vessel being sealed),
the I.D. of the groove should be the same as the I.D. of the ring being used,
plus the normal tolerance range for that size ring.
A static seal ring may also be compressed RADIALLY; that is, being
compressed between the internal diameter (I.D.) and overall diameter (O.D.).
In this case, you will use the dimensions under RADIAL opposite the
appropriate cross section column for the ring you wish to use.
Phone: (877)-PSI-SEAL Toll Free, In CT: (860) 282-9100, Fax: (860) 282-9001
PRESSURE SEALS, Inc. 81 Commerce Way, South Windsor, CT 06074
______________________________________________________________
Dynamic or moving seals basically fall into two classes; reciprocating (as in the
case of the piston and a cylinder), or rotating (as in the case of a shaft rotating
in a housing). Reciprocating design data will be found in Charts 1,2,3&4.
Rotating design data will be found in Chart 5.
Under the dynamic section you will also find a section on diametral
clearance. This calls out the maximum clearance between a piston and
cylinder for pressure to 1500 psi, using a 70 durometer compound (low swell
fluid) or a 60 durometer compound (in a high swell fluid). If higher pressures
are required, a different durometer O-ring may be used, as shown in Design
Chart 6; or Teflon back-up rings, as shown in Design Chart 7. Design Chart 6
gives an elaboration of the diametric clearance for various durometers and
various pressures. Adherence to there clearances will largely prevent extrusion
of the O-ring between the piston and cylinder or shaft and groove, up to 5,000
psi using 90 durometer compound.
Phone: (877)-PSI-SEAL Toll Free, In CT: (860) 282-9100, Fax: (860) 282-9001
PRESSURE SEALS, Inc. 81 Commerce Way, South Windsor, CT 06074
______________________________________________________________
To find the groove dimensions on a rotating seal, use Design Chart 5. Find the
shaft size in the second column. The groove root diameter and width will be
found under their respective columns. The Pressure Seals O-ring size will be
found in the first column next to the shaft diameter.
When you have a tendency for O-rings to extrude between the sealing areas
under pressure, there are three choices available to minimize this:
Good practice is to use a back-up ring on either side of the O-ring, even
though the pressure on the ring may be from one side only. The only time you
will design for a back-up ring on one side is when there is not enough space
for two rings. This is not recommended, however, unless absolutely necessary.
It is desired to seal a pressure vessel filled with air at 200 psi. The I.D. of the
vessel at the sealing lip is 3.000” and the thickness of the cover at the groove
point is .250”.
Phone: (877)-PSI-SEAL Toll Free, In CT: (860) 282-9100, Fax: (860) 282-9001
PRESSURE SEALS, Inc. 81 Commerce Way, South Windsor, CT 06074
______________________________________________________________
First: Pick a ring series that has a cross section which can be cut into the cover
without weakening the cover at this point. (100 series)
Second: Find an O-ring in this series which has an O.D. closest to 3.000” (1-
149-O.D. 3.006).
Third: Check the swell characteristics of air, with possible oil traces in it. (Low
swell – 0-15%)
Fourth: In the normal swell Design Chart 1, find the cross section column for
the 100 series rings (.103.003).
Fifth: In this column, opposite the RADIAL section, find the groove depth
(.083-.003) and the groove width (.125.005).
It is desired to seal a pressure vessel filled with hydraulic oil at 1200 psi. The
I.D. of the vessel is 4 inches, and the flange is 1 inch wider and 3/8” thick (see
drawing).
First: Find the O-ring sizes that will fit within the sealing area. (I-244, I-156)
Second: Pick the series O-ring desired, based on the thickness of the flange
available to cut the groove depth desired. (I-244)
Third: Check the swell characteristics of the fluid on the rubber to determine
whether the normal or high swell chart will be used for dimensions of the O-
ring groove. (In this case 0-15% or normal swell Chart I)
Phone: (877)-PSI-SEAL Toll Free, In CT: (860) 282-9100, Fax: (860) 282-9001
PRESSURE SEALS, Inc. 81 Commerce Way, South Windsor, CT 06074
______________________________________________________________
Fourth: Since this is an internal pressure application, the O.D. of the groove
should be the O.D. of the ring (4.512) plus the tolerance (.015) or 4.527
inches.
Fifth: Since this is an axial squeeze, look in the AXIAL section, Design Chart 1,
under the cross section of the ring (.139). The groove depth will be .110”-
.008” and the width will be .185.005.
First: Find ring sizes whose O.D. is close to 1.000” (I-117, I-210)
Second: Check the swell characteristics of the liquid being pumped. (Acetone
swells most rubbers but does not attack EPDM rubber, so an EPDM ring could
be used with normal swell – table I)
Third: Opposite the dynamic section under the cross section of the 100 series
(.103.003), find the depth of the groove (.090-.003) and the width of the
groove (.120.005). If it were desired that the ring roll in the groove, the
width would be .145.005.
A piston seal is desired for a high pressure piston at 3,000 psi using hydraulic
oil. Piston diameter is .875”.
Phone: (877)-PSI-SEAL Toll Free, In CT: (860) 282-9100, Fax: (860) 282-9001
PRESSURE SEALS, Inc. 81 Commerce Way, South Windsor, CT 06074
______________________________________________________________
minute. The shaft diameter is 1.000 inches. The material being mixed is a
blend of oil and detergents.
First: In Design Chart 5, find in the second column the shaft size (1 inch)
Second: Under the groove root diameter, find the root diameter (1.265).
Third: Under the groove width column, find the groove width (.157).
Fourth: Under the radial clearance column, find the clearance of the shaft in
the housing (.0015-.002).
Fifth: Under the bearing I.D. tolerance, find the clearance of the shaft in the
bearing (-.0000+.0012).
Sixth: On the extreme left column, find the P.A.I. O-ring size (I-215).
O-RING .040 .050 .060 .070 .070 .103 .139 .210 .275
CROSS SECTION .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .004 .005 .006
PSI 1-001
SIZE NUMBER 902-1/2 1-002 1-003 1-004 1-005 1-108 1-202 1-312 1-404
RANGE 1-055 1-178 1-284 1-395 1-476
O-RING ID 1/32 3/64 1/16 5/64 3/32 1/4 1/4 5/8 1-7/8
SIZE RANGE 1/16 6-1/2 9-3/4 18 26 27
AXIAL
SQUEEZE (min.) .010 .012 .014 .016 .017 .020 .025 .030 .039
GLAND .027 .035 .043 .051 .050 .080 .110 .175 .230
DEPTH (max.) -.002 -.002 -.002 - .004 - .004 -.006 -.008 -.010 -.010
GROOVE .063 .073 .084 .095 .095 .145 .185 .285 .375
WIDTH (min.) .002 .003 .003 .003 .003 .005 .005 .005 .005
(Wall to Wall)
RADIAL
SQUEEZE (min.) .007 .010 .012 .014 .015 .017 .020 .025 .035
GLAND .030 .037 .045 - .053 .052 .083 - .115 - .180 - .234 -
DEPTH (max.) -.001 -.001 .001 -.001 -.002 .003 .004 .005 .006
GROOVE .056 .064 .075 .090 .090 .125 .170 .240 .315
WIDTH (min.) .002 .003 .003 .003 .003 .005 .005 .005 .005
(Wall to Wall)
DYNAMIC
SQUEEZE (min.) .005 .006 .008 .009 .010 .010 .012 .017 .029
GLAND .032 .041 .049 .058 .057 .090 .123 .188 .240
DEPTH (max.) -.001 -.001 -.001 -.001 -.002 -.003 -.004 -.005 -.006
Phone: (877)-PSI-SEAL Toll Free, In CT: (860) 282-9100, Fax: (860) 282-9001
PRESSURE SEALS, Inc. 81 Commerce Way, South Windsor, CT 06074
______________________________________________________________
GROOVE WIDTH
With Roll .063 .073 .084 .095 .095 .145 .185 .285 .375
No Roll .056 .064 .075 .090 .090 .120 .160 .235 .310
(Tolerance for .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .005 .005 .005 .005
both)
DIAMETRAL
CLEARANCE (max.)*
500 psi .005 .006 .007 .008 .008 .010 .012 .014 .016
1500 psi .0025 .003 .0035 .004 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008
R RADIUS (max.) .005 .008 .012 .015 .015 .020 .030 .050 .060
ECCENTRICITY(max.) .001 .001 .001 .001 .002 .002 .003 .004 .005
Phone: (877)-PSI-SEAL Toll Free, In CT: (860) 282-9100, Fax: (860) 282-9001
PRESSURE SEALS, Inc. 81 Commerce Way, South Windsor, CT 06074
______________________________________________________________
(Wall to Wall)
DIAMETRAL
CLEARANCE (max.)*
250 psi .004 .005 .006 .007 .009 .011 .012 .014
1000 psi .002 .0025 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008
RADIUS (max.) .005 .008 .012 .015 .020 .030 .050 .060
ECCENTRICITY(max.) .001 .001 .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006
O-RING .056 .064 .072 .078 .082 .087 .097 .116 .118
CROSS SECTION .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .004 .005 .006
PSI 1-902 1-904 1-909 1-911 1-920
SIZE NUMBER 1-901 1-903 1-905 1-906 1-907 1-908 1-910 1-916 1-932
RANGE
O-RING ID .185 .239 .351 .468 .530 .644 .706 .863 1.475
SIZE RANGE .301 .415 .755 1.171 2.337
AXIAL
SQUEEZE (min.) .010 .012 .014 .016 .017 .020 .025 .030 .039
GLAND .040 .046 .051 .058 .065 .072 .080 .090 .090
DEPTH (max.) -.002 -.002 -.002 - .004 - .005 -.005 -.006 -.006 -.006
GROOVE .079 .088 .095 .107 .120 .130 .145 .158 .158
WIDTH (min.) .002 .003 .003 .003 .003 .004 .005 .005 .005
(Wall to Wall)
RADIAL
SQUEEZE (min.) .011 .013 .014 .014 .015 .016 .017 .018 .018
GLAND .042 .047 .053 .063 .070 .078 .083 .094 .094
DEPTH (max.) -.001 -.001 -.001 -.001 -.001 -.002 -.003 -.003 -.003
GROOVE .070 .052 .090 .098 .107 .183 .125 .140 .142
WIDTH (min.) .003 .003 .003 .003 .004 .004 .005 .005 .005
(Wall to Wall)
DYNAMIC
SQUEEZE (min.) .007 .008 .009 .009 .009 .010 .010 .011 .011
GLAND .046 .052 .058 .065 .068 .072 .084 .101 .103
DEPTH (max.) -.001 -.001 -.001 -.001 -.001 -.002 -.003 -.003 -.006
GROOVE WIDTH
With Roll .079 .088 .095 .105 .111 .117 .145 .158 .160
No Roll .068 .078 .090 .098 .139 .109 .120 .145 .146
(Tolerance for .003 .003 .003 .003 .004 .004 .005 .005 .005
both)
Phone: (877)-PSI-SEAL Toll Free, In CT: (860) 282-9100, Fax: (860) 282-9001
PRESSURE SEALS, Inc. 81 Commerce Way, South Windsor, CT 06074
______________________________________________________________
DIAMETRAL
CLEARANCE (max.)*
500 psi .006 .007 .008 .008 .009 .009 .010 .011 .011
1500 psi .003 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .005 .005 .006
R RADIUS (max.) .008 .013 .015 .015 .015 .018 .020 .022 .022
ECCENTRICITY(max.) .001 .001 .001 .001 .001 .001 .002 .002 .002
O-RING .056 .064 .072 .078 .082 .087 .097 .116 .118
CROSS SECTION .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .004 .010
PSI
SIZE NUMBER 1-901 1-902 1-904 1-906 1-907 1-908 1-909 1-911 1-920
RANGE 1-903 1-905 1-910 1-916 1-932
O-RING ID .185 .239 .351 .468 .530 .644 .706 .862 1.475
SIZE RANGE .301 .415 .755 1.171 2.337
AXIAL
SQUEEZE (min.) .016 .018 .020 .021 .021 .022 .023 .025 .027
GLAND .039 .042 .048 .053 .056 .061 .072 .088 .090
DEPTH (max.) -.002 -.002 -.002 - .002 - .002 -.002 -.003 -.003 -.003
GROOVE
WIDTH (min.) .084 .092 .110 .121 .129 .138 .157 .186 .188
(Wall to Wall)
RADIAL
SQUEEZE (min.) .014 .015 .017 .018 .018 .018 .019 .021 .022
GLAND .040 .046 .052 .056 .059 .062 .074 .108 .100
DEPTH (max.) -.001 -.001 -.002 -.002 -.002 -.002 -.003 -.004 -.004
GROOVE
WIDTH (min.) .084 .092 .110 .119 .125 .133 .156 .179 .189
(Wall to Wall)
DYNAMIC
SQUEEZE (min.) .011 .012 .015 .016 .016 .016 .016 .017 .018
GLAND .042 .048 .054 .059 .062 .066 .078 .098 .100
DEPTH (max.) -.001 -.001 -.002 -.002 -.002 -.002 -.002 -.003 -.003
GROOVE
WIDTH (min.) .082 .094 .105 .114 .121 .128 .150 .178 .179
(Wall to Wall)
DIAMETRAL
CLEARANCE (max.)*
250 psi .005 .006 .007 .007 .007 .007 .008 .010 .010
1000 psi .002 .003 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .005 .005
R RADIUS (max.) .010 .013 .015 .015 .015 .020 .020 .020 .020
ECCENTRICITY(max.) .001 .001 .002 .002 .002 .002 .002 .002 .003
Phone: (877)-PSI-SEAL Toll Free, In CT: (860) 282-9100, Fax: (860) 282-9001
PRESSURE SEALS, Inc. 81 Commerce Way, South Windsor, CT 06074
______________________________________________________________
1-010 7/32 .239.005 .070.003 .2187-.0014 .349 .080 5/8 .0008-.001 -.0000-+.0008
70-270 1/4 .270.005 .070.003 .2500-.0014 .381 .080 5/8 .0008-.001 -.0000-+.0008
1-011 9/32 .301.005 .070.003 .2812-.0014 .413 .080 5/8 .0008-.001 -.0000-+.0008
1-110 5/16 .362.005 .103.003 .3125-.0015 .509 .117 7/8 .001-.00015 -.0000-+.0010
1-111 3/8 .424.005 .103.003 .375-.0015 .572 .117 7/8 .001-.00015 -.0000-+.0010
1-112 7/16 .487.005 .103.003 .4375-.0015 .634 .117 7/8 .001-.00015 -.0000-+.0010
1-113 1/2 .549.005 .103.003 .500-.002 .696 .117 7/8 .001-.00015 -.0000-+.0010
1-114 9/16 .612.005 .103.003 .562-.002 .758 .117 7/8 .001-.00015 -.0000-+.0010
1-115 5/8 .674.005 .103.003 .625-.002 .821 .117 7/8 .001-.00015 -.0000-+.0010
1-116 11/16 .737.005 .103.003 .687-.002 .883 .117 7/8 .001-.00015 -.0000-+.0010
1-211 3/4 .796.006 .139.004 .750-.002 1.016 .157 7/8 .0015-.002 -.0000-+.0012
1-212 13/16 .859.006 .139.004 .812-.002 1.078 .157 7/8 .0015-.002 -.0000-+.0012
1-213 7/8 .921.006 .139.004 .875-.002 1.141 .157 7/8 .0015-.002 -.0000-+.0012
1-214 15/16 .984.006 .139.004 .937-.002 1.203 .157 7/8 .0015-.002 -.0000-+.0012
1-215 1 1.046.006 .139.004 1.000-.002 1.265 .157 7/8 .0015-.002 -.0000-+.0012
1-216 1 1/16 1.109.006 .139.004 1.063-.002 1.329 .157 7/8 .0015-.002 -.0000-+.0012
1-217 1 1/8 1.171.006 .139.004 1.125-.002 1.391 .157 7/8 .0015-.002 -.0000-+.0012
1-218 1 3/16 1.234.006 .139.004 1.188-.002 1.454 .157 7/8 .0015-.002 -.0000-+.0012
1-219 1 1/4 1.296.006 .139.004 1.250-.002 1.516 .157 7/8 .0015-.002 -.0000-+.0012
Phone: (877)-PSI-SEAL Toll Free, In CT: (860) 282-9100, Fax: (860) 282-9001
PRESSURE SEALS, Inc. 81 Commerce Way, South Windsor, CT 06074
______________________________________________________________
DESIGN CHART #6
DIAMETRAL CLEARANCE VS. DUROMETER HARDNESS
Phone: (877)-PSI-SEAL Toll Free, In CT: (860) 282-9100, Fax: (860) 282-9001
PRESSURE SEALS, Inc. 81 Commerce Way, South Windsor, CT 06074
______________________________________________________________
DC-200 Silicone Oil Pneumatic use for High High durometer Nitrile, -65 to +440
(200,000 cps) Pressure and High Speed Neoprene, Viton, Hydrin. (-54 to +227)
Not for silicones.
MCS 352 Skydrol Phosphate Ester Brake and Butyl -65 to +200
Base Grease Hydraulic Systems SBR (-54 to +93)
EPDM
Versilube Silicone Pneumatic, 3,000 psi. – Nitrile, Neoprene, Viton, -100 to +400
Grease High Speed Acrylic. Do not use on (-73 to +204)
Silicones.
Phone: (877)-PSI-SEAL Toll Free, In CT: (860) 282-9100, Fax: (860) 282-9001