UPS Product Introduction

Arunangshu Chattopadhyay
Emerson Network Power
Power and Connectivity Architecture
Inbound DC Power Systems OEM Embedded
Power
Power Connector
Units Assemblies
Utility
AC DC/DC
AC C
Converter o
Surge DC Power System DC Power Interface
n
n
AC Power Systems e
AC/DC c
Power t
Supplies I
v
Transfer DC/DC I Tower
Switch AC Converter t
y
Surge UPS AC Distribution

Precision
Climate OSP
Solutions
Generator Systems

- Maintenance
Services
- Monitoring
 Business Critical Continuity

Electrical Energy Mgmt Thermal Energy Mgmt

Consultant / Consultant /
Contractor Contractor
Reseller /
Gen
Set Integrator
Server
Batteries Room
AC
Racks
LV STS/ Heat
Utility ATS TVSS AC / DC TVSS
SG Distr Reject
UPS
XD
Rack
Rack UPS PStrips
Coolers

Facility Mgr IT Mgr Facility Mgr

 Business Critical Continuity

Electrical Energy Mgmt Thermal Energy Mgmt

Gen
Set
Server
Batteries Room
AC
Racks
LV STS/ Heat
Utility ATS TVSS AC / DC TVSS
SG Distr Reject
UPS
XD
Rack
Rack UPS PStrips
Coolers
 Business Critical Continuity

Electrical Energy Mgmt Thermal Energy Mgmt

Racks
Knurr Miracel
Gen
Set
Liebert Foundation
Server
Batteries High quality solutions
Racks
with expanded hardware
Utility ATS TVSS
LV AC / DC STS/ and cable
Rack
XD
management
Room Heat
SG UPS Distr AC
Coolers
options to go withReject
our
cooling and power
Rack UPS PStrips solutions
 Business Critical Continuity

Electrical Energy Mgmt Thermal Energy Mgmt

Rack Accessories
Knurr Power Strips
Liebert MP Strips
Gen
Set
Server
Batteries Broad offering for the plug
Racks
strip facility person who
LV AC / DC STS/ only wants Room
Rack power to the
Heat
Utility ATS TVSS XD
SG UPS Distr Coolers AC
asset management Reject
IT
person who wants to
Rack UPS PStrips
control access
 Business Critical Continuity

Electrical Energy Mgmt Thermal Energy Mgmt

Network Closet UPS

Liebert PSI
Gen
Liebert GXT2U
Set
Server
Batteries Broad offering for the
network closet IT person
Racks
LV AC / DC STS/ who just wants
Rack Roombattery
Heat back
Utility ATS TVSS XD
SG UPS Distr AC
up to the mission
Coolers Reject
critical
network IT person who
Rack UPS PStrips
wants the ultimate in
protection
 Business Critical Continuity

ElectricalDistribution
Power Energy Mgmt Thermal Energy Mgmt
Precision Power
Center
Static Switch 2
Gen
Set Liebert FPC / FDC Server
Batteries
For computer room and
Racks datacenter applications
LV AC / DC STS/ Rack Room Heat
Utility ATS TVSS SG UPS Distr where
Coolers
facility
XD AC features
Reject
may also
require IT look & feel
Rack UPS PStrips
 Business Critical Continuity

Electrical Energy Mgmt Thermal Energy Mgmt

Datacenter / Computer Room
UPS
Hipulse
Gen
Liebert NX
Set
Server
Batteries Scalable Tier Level
Racks
protection for the
Utility ATS TVSS
LV AC / DC STS/ experienced
Rack
XD
Room Heat who
customer
SG UPS Distr Coolers AC Reject
knows their future to the
inexperienced customer
Rack UPS PStrips who does not
 Business Critical Continuity

PartnersEnergy Mgmt
Electrical Thermal Energy Mgmt
Enersys / C&D
SqD / Siemens
Pentadyne
Gen
Set
Server
Batteries
Working closely with these
Racks partners to improve quality
LV AC / DC STS/ Rack Room Heat
Utility ATS TVSS and speedXDof delivery while
SG UPS Distr Coolers AC Reject
addressing new applications
Rack UPS PStrips
 Business Critical Continuity

Electrical Energy Mgmt Thermal Energy Mgmt

Surge Protection
Control Concepts
Gen
Set
Server
Batteries

Racks Protect your investment from

LV AC / DC STS/ building
Rack Roomto Heat
entrance
Utility ATS TVSS XD
SG UPS Distr Coolers AC Reject
panelboard to network rack
applications
Rack UPS PStrips
 Business Critical Continuity

Electrical Energy Mgmt Thermal Energy Mgmt

Surge Protection
Control Concepts
Gen
Set
Server
Batteries

Racks Protect your investment from

LV AC / DC STS/ building
Rack Roomto Heat
entrance
Utility ATS TVSS XD
SG UPS Distr TVSS Coolers AC Reject
panelboard to network rack
applications
Rack UPS PStrips
 Business Critical Continuity

Electrical Energy Mgmt Thermal Energy Mgmt

ATS
ASCO

Gen
Set
Server
Batteries
Best in class Automatic
Racks
LV AC / DC STS/
Transfer
Rack
SwitchRoom
from Heat
ASCO
Utility ATS TVSS SG UPS Distr is
Coolers XD
also available to complete
AC Reject
the end to end story
Rack UPS PStrips
 Business Critical Continuity

Electrical Energy Mgmt Thermal Energy Mgmt

Service

Gen
Set
Server
Batteries

Racks Think of our service

LV AC / DC STS/ Rack
capabilities Roomclearly
which Heat our
Utility ATS TVSS SG UPS Distr Coolers XD AC Reject
competition does not have or
cannot respond to
Rack UPS PStrips
Power Conditioning Technologies
Power Conditioning Technology Types
z Power Enhancement
(modifies incoming waveform)
z Power Synthesis
(regenerates a new power sinewave)
Power Enhancement
z Surge & Noise Suppressor
z Isolation Transformer
z Constant Voltage Transformer (CVT)
z Noise Filter
z Harmonic Filter
z Line Voltage Regulator
(Electronic Tap Switcher)
z Line Voltage Regulator
(Saturable Reactor)
Power Synthesizing
z Magnetic Synthesizer
z Motor Generator Set (MG)
(Motor Alternator)
z Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
Surge Suppressor/TVSS
Voltage Transients
SURGE

SURGE
NOISE

Transients are (typically a few milliseconds duration) power disturbances:

Surge - LARGE AMPLITUDE VOLTAGE / CURRENT PROBLEM
EFFECT- HARDWARE DAMAGE
SOLUTION- TVSS WITH FILTERING ( LIFE INSURANCE)
NOISE- SMALL AMPLITUDE FAST RISE VOLTAGE PROBLEM
EFFECT- SOFTWARE / HARDWARE ERRORS, SYSTEM LOCK-UP
SOLUTION- FILTERING SYSTEMS OF CAPACITORS ARE GOOD
CAPACITORS & INDUCTORS ARE BETTER ( HEALTH INSURANCE )
SEMI -CONDUCTOR DAMAGES
SEMI-CONDUCTOR

Ô DIEELECTRIC BREAKDOWN
Ò VOLTAGE

Ô EXCESSIVE HEATING
Ò CURRENT ( I2 T )

Ô DV/DT
Ò VOLTAGE CHANGE WITH
RESPECT TO TIME
TVSS

L
O
TVSS A
D

TVSS protects the load from surge hits by

diverging them into the ground.
 Surge Protective Device

Common Mode (L-G, N-G)

Normal Mode (L-N, L-L)

Series
Control
Source Element Load
Current Current
Diverter Diverter
Module Module

Current
Diverter
Module

Ground Neutral
Over-current Protection

Expanded View of Current Diverter Module

PHASE
CONDUCTOR

NEUTRAL/GROUND
TVSS APPLICATIONS
Surge Protections Are Always Overlooked:
z Surges Sources and Effects are not easily detected.
Engineers difficult to quantify their cost-effectiveness.
z Surges source are thought to be external…
z Misunderstanding functional differences of Lightning
Arrestor and TVSS
z Environmental factors difficult to measure. Design is
often Subjective. Unable to relate Supply System with
Protection Modes
z SPD Nature remains mysterious: Installation Safety,
SPD Failure Modes, Consumptive nature..
LIGHTNING ARRESTER VS TVSS
Lightning Arrestor: SPD (TVSS):
• High energy capability • Medium to Low energy
to ground up to 350kA capability
• Designed for Human • Designed for IT
being & Electrical Equipment Protection
Wiring Protection • Precise Clamping
• High Clamping Voltage Voltage
• Low response time • Fast Response Time
• Gap Device • Interruptions
• MOV/ Zener
TVSS
UPS Topologies
z Off-line

z Line Interactive

z On-Line
OFF-LINE UPS: NORMAL MODE

Utility
F
T2

T1 Lo Load

Of
Optional
(No al y ff)
Tap-switching
Transformer
Off-line Battery
Inverter* System
(Normally Off)

n
Intermittent-Duty-Rated
OFF-LINE UPS: INVERTER MODE

Utility
S2

T1 Load

OfOff-line
n
Rectifier ter
Inverter*
(No(Normally Off)
ally Of Optional
Tap-switching
Transformer
Battery
System

Square
n Waveform
Off - Line UPS Advantages
z Inexpensive (first cost)
z Good overload capability
z Very high efficiency
z High UPS reliability
z Moderate critical-bus reliability
z Excellent entry-level UPS
Off - Line UPS Disadvantages
z Reduced critical bus reliability
z Frequent transfers to battery
z No power factor correction
z No frequency regulation
z Potentially high cost of ownership
– Battery consumption
– Crashed load(s)
z Potentially poor inverter reliability (inverters are intermittent-duty rated)
z No isolation from sags and swells
z Requires detailed knowledge of load characteristics for satisfactory
results. May not be suited for mission-critical loads
LINE-INTERACTIVE UPS: NORMAL MODE

Voltage
a
Utility Boost
s

i Bi-Directional
Directi na
I Inverter
ve ter
&&
C Control
ntr l

Battery
System
 LINE -INTERACTIVE UPS:
LINE-INTERACTIVE
DISCHARGE MODE

Quasi-sine Waveform
Voltage
Utility Boost

i Bi-Directional
Directi na
Inverter
ve ter
&&
C Control
ntr l

Battery
System
Line - Interactive UPS Advantages
z Bi-directional inverter always actively charging the
battery or powering the load
z Good overload capability
z Moderate investment (somewhat larger investment
than an off-line UPS)
z More reliable load operation than with off-line UPS
z Quiet (high efficiency / low fan noise)
z Reduced battery consumption
– Boost capability
Line - Interactive UPS Disadvantages
z No frequency regulation

z No power-factor correction
UPS topology
z Line-Interactive with Power Factor Correction
(including “Neo-Online” products)
Bypass Static Switch

Input Utility
Isolation Disconnect Output
Contactor Static Switch Input Buck Boost Isolation
Filter Transformer Contactor

Input Output

Output
Filter Output
Inverter / Main
Auto
Charger Inverter
Transformer

Neutral Neutral

Battery
 ON-LINE UPS: NORMAL MODE

RECTIFIER INVERTER
(AC to DC) (DC to AC)
Utility

BATTERY
SYSTEM
 ON-LINE UPS: DISCHARGE MODE

RECTIFIER INVERTER
(AC to DC) (DC to AC)

Utility

BATTERY
SYSTEM
 ON-LINE UPS: FAILURE MODE

RECTIFIER INVERTER
(AC to DC) (DC to AC)
Utility

BATTERY
SYSTEM
 Advantages Of Online
UPS
z Highest load voltage availability of three topologies) . . . Output MTBF = 5 -
10X other topologies

z Continuous duty rated inverter (allows extended battery times)

z Tightest voltage regulation of the three topologies

z Lowest life-cycle cost

z Excellent line / load isolation

z Isolation of load from source frequency variations

z Easiest topology to apply successfully . . .

z Excellent power factor correction (and crest factor reduction)

z Extended battery life

z No switching for inverter operation (higher reliability output)

Disadvantage Of On - Line
UPS
z Larger initial investment (than off - line or line -
interactive UPS).
z If the purchase is truly an investment (and
improves business performance more than the
alternatives), then the purchase is worth
considering.
UPS topology
Summary Table, All Topologies
Criterion Offline Line- Line-Interactive Double-
Interactive with PF Correction Conversion
Simplicity 4 3 2 4
Battery Reliability 2 2 2 4
Range of Protection 2 3 3 5
Power Conditioning 0 2 3 5
Electrical Isolation 0 0 0 5
Generator Compatibility 0 1 3 4
Dual-Bus Compatibility 0 0 0 5
Concurrent Maintenance 0 0 3 5
Internal Maint. Bypass 0 0 3 5
Dual Input 0 0 0 4
Internal Fault Tolerance 0 1 3 4
Single Points of Failure 1 1 2 4
Totals 9 13 24 55
Snap -Shot Comparison
Snap-Shot
PROTECTION LEVELS
Constant Constant Transient Outage Sine Wave
Frequency Voltage Change Protection
Protection Protection Protection
Off Line
UPS

Line-
Interactive

On Line
UPS

* The Chamber of Hong Kong Computer Industry endorses On-line

UPS as the only Gold Quality Label carrying UPS.
Adding Value in a Sales Process
on
ri z
H o
a it on
ec t
x p
e r E On-Line
tom
s
Cu
Line
Interactive

Off-line +
AVR

Off
Line

Adding Value on a Product

Product Road Maps
z DPG

z Power
 DPG – Global Products Micro & Small
Off-Line Line Interactive On-Line
Plug and Play Hard Wired, Professionally Installed
ISP Applications
Network Node Centres
Server Farms
Industrial Applications
Server and PC groups
Critical Servers Applications
Normal Servers Applications
Routers Liebert NXe
Network Switches Nfinity 10, 15, 20 and
4kVA to 30 kVA
Basic Servers 16kVA
Modems / Fax / Office
Automation
Hubs
UPStation GXT2
Stand-alone PCs PowerSure GXT2U
Interactive
4.5 & 6 kVA RM New
PowerSure 0.7, 1.0,
PowerSure Proactive 1.0, 1.4, 1.5, 2.0,
10KVA RM & Introduction
Tower
Assistant 500, 650, 2.2, 3.0 3.0 kVA
1000VA kVA
500/650 VA
 New Introduction – GXT2, 10KVA R & T
Scalable Power for „ Both Rack & Tower Model, Scalable up to 30KVA

Growing Infrastructure „ Combo Input capability for Tower Model

„ LCD Panel for Tower model
3 U „ Compact size, light weight
+
3U „ Extended Runtime capability
„ Superior Input Power factor & THDi
„ High Efficiency up to 92%
„ Wide Input Voltage window
„ Wide range of communication compatibility.
„ Optional Tower Model with Transformer (No
Paralleling & No Combo Input)

„ Rack-mountable Paralleling cabinet in Q2 FY07

New Introduction – NXe 30KVA
Modular, smaller, „ Another high performance UPS for partnets

Yet NX 30KVA „ 30KVA, yet compact like 20KVA

„ All NXe features, value for money
„ Scalable to 180KVA
„ Compact size, light weight
„ Extended Runtime capability
„ Superior Input Power factor & THDi
„ Better Efficiency up to 92%

r u it sket
er f l ba
oth nne
An Cha „ Standard Side-car battery cabinet being ready
in
 DPG – Local Products Micro & Small
Off-Line Line Interactive On-Line
Plug and Play Hard Wired, Professionally Installed
ISP Applications
Network Node Centres
Server Farms
Industrial Applications
Server and PC groups
Critical Servers Applications
Normal Servers Applications
Routers
Network Switches Super 400D
iTrust 2G
Basic Servers Scalable 3x1,
Modems / Fax / Office 3-18kVA 10,20KVA
Automation (India Only)
GXT-MT,
Hubs PSA itON RT Under
Stand-alone PCs 1.4, 1.6KVA evaluation
PSA itON 1,2,3KVA

Off-line- Under
Liebert PS
AVR evaluation
400/600 VA
600,
1000VA
Channel Solution Basket

Surge Power Strip, ( In 6 months)

z 230V Surge Strip for Asia Pacific

z Three (3) models, 2 Plug types for our

regions plus universal

z 8 receptacles plus phone and data surge

protection

z Complete Monitoring
Future Global Micro UPS Products
z Power Sure 3G
– 450VA to 6KVA
– 3rd Generation Off-line, AVR & Interactive Product
– New Communication Protocol (Velocity)
– 0.9 PF UPS, Best in Class
– Due in Q1, FY08

z GXT- 3G
– 700VA to 3KVA
– 3rd Generation On-line Product
– New Options, New communication protocol (Velocity)
– 0.9 PF UPS, 1st of its kind in this segment
Future Global Small UPS Products
z NXf
– 3x1 Product from Nx platform
– 10, 15, 20KVA (30KVA future)
– Due in Q3 FY07
– Replaces all 3x1 products in this segment

z NXe Rack mount

– NXe in Rack structure
– 400V & 208V
– 0.9 power factor
– 10, 15, 20KVA
– Due in Q3, FY08
 Power UPS
Hinet103x1
HiNet 10 –
– 30kVA 30kVA NXf 10/15/20/30kVA

Hinet
HiNet 10 –10 – 30kVA
30kVA NXe 10/15/20kVA

NXe 30kVA
7200 30/40/60kVA
NXe RackMount
iTrust 30/40/60kVA
NXj 40 – 150kVA 3 x 1

NXa 30 – 120kVA

NXa 140 – 200kVA NXa 2 Gen

HiPulse 80 – 400kVA (China)

HiPulse (Italy) HiPulse ‘E’ 120 – 800kVA

NXL 250 – 1000kVA

Past Fiscal Year
Present 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Future
New Product Introduced
Liebert AF
z True Active Harmonic filter
z 25A-200A scalable to 1200A
z Reduce Harmonic to 5% &
improves Power factor
z Competitive solution package as
against 12 pulse UPS
z Future Liebert AF-2G
– Improve Harmonic to 3%
– Reactive power compensation
– Modular design
– Expected in FY08
Future 3x3 Power Products
z NXL
– Our 2nd Biggest change in product platform
– 250-1000KVA, 0.9PF
– Improved THDi to 3%
– 5th Generation UPS with Color graphics
– Adaptable, Intelligent paralleling
– Due in Q4 FY07

z NXb Extension
– 40-200KVA,480V applications
– 40-80KVA due in Q2 FY07
– 100-120KVA due in Q3 FY07
– 140-200KVA due in Q2 FY08
Future Enhancements
z Adaptive, improved NXa
– Paralleling unequal rating
– Software adaptability
– Improved Active power to 0.9 pf
– Improved performance on leading
Power factor load
– Intelligent paralleling (under review)

z Rack type Nxa

– Nxa in Rack look & dimension
 Upcoming 3x3 Power Solution Products

z Liebert LTS
– High quality Static transfer Switch from
China
– 63A & 100A ready
– Extending soon to 250-400A
– Compact with Optional distribution &
transformer
– NX-Like Display
– Optimized transfer option
– Accepts standard monitoring software
 Upcoming 3x3 Power Solution Products

z 4-Pole STS
– Extension of STS2 3-Pole STS
– Development by Nove Mesto Engineering
– 250/400/600A (400 is de-rated 600)
– Same look and feel as 3-Pole STS2
– Same HMI - Colour Graphic Display
– Product Offering:
• 3-Pole Cost Effective (Liebert LTS)
• 3-Pole Premium (STS2, HiSwitch2)
• 4-Pole Premium (New)
– Present status : Beta unit production
– Due in early Q2 FY07
Achieving High Availability Power
z Cost and Causes of Downtime
z UPS Configurations
– Single Module
– Isolated Redundant
– 1+N and N+1 Parallel Redundant

z Tiers Of Protection
High Availability – High Nines
How Critical Is Uptime To The Customer?

Percent Time

99.0 87.7 Hours

99.9 8.76 Hours
99.99 0.876 Hours
99.999 5.3 Minutes
99.9999 0.53 Minutes (31.8 Seconds)
99.99999 3.18 Seconds
99.999999 0.318 Seconds (318 Milliseconds)
99.9999999 0.0318 Seconds (31.8 Milliseconds)
Customer Value Segmentation
What does this mean to your Business?
Average UPS 9’s Pre-Order
Class Customer Value Annual
Availability Services
Downtime

Protect Hardware (3)

r
do
Tier 1 8.8 hours

n
- Avoid Power Transients 99.9%

Ve

T
/I
Preserve Data (4)

r
ee
Tier 2 53 Minutes

in
- Orderly Shutdown 99.99%

g
En
Increase Uptime 5.3 Min. - (5–7)

s
ie
Tier 3
3.2 Sec.

ilit
- System Critical to Business 99.99999%

c
Fa

ne ng
g i l ti
er
0.3 – (8–9)

En u
No Downtime

ns
Tier 4

Co
- System IS the Business 0.03 Sec. 99.9999999%
 Tiers Of Protection
Equipment Configurations
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 4: No Downtime
Protect Hardware Preserve Data Distributed Redundant
Utility Source Utility Source Utility Source / Utility Source /
Generator #1 Generator #2
TVSS and / or UPS
Conditioner UPS 1 LBS UPS 2

PDU PDU Dual Input PDU

Load Load
3 x 9s Load 4 x 9s
STS
Tier 3: Increase Uptime PDU
1 + N Redundant N+1 Redundant Load
Utility Source w/ Utility Source w/
ATS & Generator ATS & Generator PDU STS PDU

UPS 1 UPS 2 UPS 1 UPS 2 Load

SCC PDU PDU

PDU PDU Dual Input Load

Load 5-7 x 9s Load V 8-9 x 9s V
UPS & Battery Sizing
 Power Conversions
1hp = 746 watts
KW = Btu/hr
____
3413

K Cal/hr
KW = ______
860

EX: 10 ton system

What is the KW rating KW = Btu/hr
____
1 ton = 12,000 Btu/hr 3413
120,000
______
10 ton = 120,000 Btu/hr KW = 3413
KW = 35.16
Power Conversions
Kilowatt hours – practical unit of electric work of
energy
- symbol is kwh
Work = Power • Time
1Kwh = 1Kw • 1hr
EX: At 2c/kwh, how much will it cost to leave a 60W
lamp burning for 5 days?
5 days • 24hrs/days = 120hrs
W = P • t = 60 • 120 = 7.2 kwh
Cost = 7.2 kwh • 2c/kwh =14.4c
 Determining kVA from
Ampere Specification of Power
Feeder Service
Determining kVA of Power Feeder Service (1
(1-- Phase)

kVA = V • A
1000

Assume a single phase 220V entrance service specified at 20 A.

kVA = 220 • 20 = 4.4

1000
Determining kVA Power Feeder Service (3-Phase)
(3-Phase)

kVA = V • A •√3
1000
`
EXAMPLE 2: Assume a 3 phase 208 / 120 entrance service
specified at 200 A.

kVA = 208 • 200 • 1.732 = 72

1000

75 kVA UPS should be selected.

Determining kVA from BTU/hr Specification of
connected Equipment
Determining kVA From BTU / hr Connected Equipment

Voltage / BTU / hr Total

Equipment Phase Rating BTU / hr

1CPU 208 / 3 Phase 37,4000 37,400

1Controller 208 / 3 Phase 14,600 14,600
4 Disc 208 / 1 Phase 3,050 12,200
1 Printer 208 / 1 Phase 1,800 1,800
6 Terminal 120 / 1 Phase 800 4,800
Total 70,800
Determining kVA from BTU / hr of connected Equipment.

KW = BTU / hr KVA = KW
3.413 PF

KW = 70,800 = 20.7 KVA = 20.7 = 25.9

3,413 0.8

30kVA Conditioner should be selected.

Determining kVA from Power
Profile of Equipment
Determining kVA From Power Profile of
Equipment

z Simple Addition of kVA Values

z Load Calculations by Phase

Determining kVA From Power Profile of Equipment

Simple Addition of kVA Values

VOLTAGE /
EQUIPMENT PHASE LOAD

1 CPU 208 / 3 Phase .11 kVA

1 Controller 208 / 1 Phase 12 Amps
4 Disc 208 / 1 Phase 6 Amps Each
1 Printer 208 / 1 Phase 5 Amps
6 Terminal 120 / 1 Phase 4 Amps Each
Determining kVA From Power Profile of
Equipment
EXAMPLE (cont.)
EQUIPMENT CALCULATIONS INDIVIDUAL
CPU Non Required kVA = .11
Controller kVA = V • A • √3 kVA = 4.3
1000
Disc kVA = V • A kVA = 1.25
1000
Printer kVA = V • A kVA = 1.0
1000
Terminal kVA = V • A kVA = 0.48
1000
Determining kVA From Power Profile of
Equipment
EXAMPLE (Cont)
TOTAL
EQUIPMENT kVA EACH kVA LOAD
1 CPU @ .11 0.11
1 Controller @ 4.3 4.3
4 Disc @ 1.25 5.0
1 Printer @ 1.0 1.0
6 Terminal @ 0.48 _2.9_
Total kVA 24.20
Determining kVA From Power Profile of
Equipment

z A 30kVA UPS could be selected as a minimum

z To allow for growth a larger unit should be selected. This should be

discussed with your customer to determine what size is needed.
ƒ Rule of thumb is 20% - 30%
Determining kVA From Power Profile of
Equipment
Load Calculations by Phase
Equipment Voltage Load Phase “A” Phase “B” Phase “C”
CPU 208v / 3 Phase 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5
Controller 208v / 3 Phase 12.0A 12.0 12.0 12.0
Disc # 1 208v / 1Phase 6.0A 6.0 6.0
Disc # 2 208v / 1Phase 6.0A 6.0 6.0
Disc # 3 208v / 1Phase 6.0A 6.0 6.0
Disc # 4 208v / 1Phase 6.0A 6.0 6.0
Printer 208v / 1Phase 5.0A 5.0 5.0
Terminal#1 120v / 1Phase 4.0A 4.0
Determining kVA From Power Profile of Equipment
Load Calculations by Phase (continue)

Equipment Voltage Load Phase “A” Phase “B” Phase “C”

Terminal # 2 120v / 1Phase 4.0A 4.0

Terminal # 3 120v / 1Phase 4.0A 4.0
Terminal # 4 120v / 1Phase 4.0A 4.0
Terminal # 5 120v / 1Phase 4.0A 4.0
Terminal # 6 120v / 1Phase 4.0A 4.0
Total Phase Load 68.5 69.5 71.5
 Determining kVA From Power Profile of
Equipment

Load Calculations by Phase (continue)

Calculations the kVA from the most heavily-loaded phase (phase C):

kVA = 208V • 71.5A •√ 3 kVA = 25.8

1000
A 30kVA UPS could be selected as a minimum.
UPS Battery Types
z Flooded or Wet Cell
z Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA)

* Nickel Cadmium is an alkaline based cell normally

used in harsh environment such as coal mines,
lighthouses and are seldom found in UPS application
nowadays.
UPS Battery Types
UPS Battery Selection
z Design Life
z Type
z Back-up Autonomy Time required
z Spatial constraint
z UPS floating charge voltage, shut down voltage
z UPS efficiency
z Number of parallel strings
z Manufacturer service support
z Price and delivery
MAJOR UPS BATTERY PLAYERS
z Vision
z GNB
z Yuasa
z C&D
z Hawker
z Deka
z Hitachi
z GS
z CSB
z SONNENCHEIN
Battery Sizing
z Battery Capacity is expressed in AH
z Two methods of Calculating Battery Capacity
– With help of Maximum Current delivered
– Wattage/cell
– Both Method need a simple Question to be answered
• What amount of Power, that the complete string need to
support?
Calculating Power
z Establish, how battery is delivering Power to What is the efficiency
load of this converting
– Battery supply KW and not KVA agent?

– Flow diagram only during Mains failure

Rectifier Inverter Rectifier Inverter

Battery Battery Converter

Bi-Directional
Battery
Converter
Battery Sizing (Contd..)
z Efficiency = A
z Battery Power consumption (W)
= (VA Load of UPS) x (Load Power Factor)
A
z Maximum Current at Minimum Voltage (Idc)
= W / (Low Battery Voltage)
OR
z Watt/Cell = W/ No. of cells
Sample Battery Chart
Understanding Product: Liebert & Competition
z Ever-changing competition
z Dynamic Sales Situation
z Dynamic Customer Preferences
z Case specific need & Sales Pitch
UPS Specifications & Implications
Critical Parameters
• Topology, technology
• Determines the appropriateness in a specific application

• Input Voltage & Frequency Window

• Battery Life,
• Generator Compatibility
• Availability

• Input Power Factor, THDi

• Cost of Electricity
• Generator compatibility
• Lower Loss
UPS Specifications & Implications
• Output KVA, KW, Power factor
• Load Handling Capability

• Output Voltage & Frequency Window, Stability

• Safety operation of Critical Loads & Instruments

• Output THDv
• Safety operation of Critical Loads & Instruments

• Output Voltage unbalancing under Unbalanced load (3-phase)

• Safety operation of Critical Loads & Instruments

• Battery Voltage, Capacity, Battery Charger Capacity

• Flexibility of handling longer battery back-up
• Time of Recharging battery for repeat Discharge
UPS Specifications & Implications
• Efficiency; AC/AC, DC/AC
• Cost of Ownership, Electricity Charge

• Availability of Bypass system; Static/Dynamic/Maintenance

• Availability of Power to Critical load
• Maintenance option, Downtime

• Transfer Time
• Load shut-down

• Short Circuit Withstand Capability

• Availability of Power under adverse situation

• Transient Response
• Safety of Load
UPS Specifications & Implications
• Handling Crest Factor load
• UPS De-rating

• Handling Leading power factor load

• UPS De-rating

• Communication Capability
• Ease of Monitoring & Control

• Possible configurations, Scalability

• Adaptability to change in load & criticality of facility

• Size, footprint
• Cost of Ownership
UPS Specifications & Implications
• Overload Capability; Inverter, Bypass
• Availability of power under adverse circumstances

• Cooling type, Back or Top or Side

• Foot-print, cooling management

• Battery Management, Temperature compensation

• Battery Life
Thank You