War of independence
Causes of war
1. Political reasons
War become in-evident due to political reasons
British authority increased over India while local
leaders lost it which was unacceptable for Indians
as British were just seen as foreigners Indian were
ruled directly by British and imposed their power
on people Indians were just the servants of British
and were not treated properly in their own land
which grew resentment among the Indians
Mughals leaders were admired and and respected
by the people but the British mistreated Mughal
emperors the Indians were already disheartened
by the decline of Mughal empire and when they
saw that their emperors were mistreated they took
it as an insult and resented against the British rule
Impact
British wanted to take complete control over India
by making it a colony and impose their authority
over Indians which created a resentment among
the Indians as they did not want to be controlled
by the foreign power so they revolted against the
British which led a war of independence
2. Religious reason
Religion was once the major reason for war of
independence British broad Christian missionaries
with them to preach Christianity they force people
or promise them a big amount to accept
Christianity which made Indians furious this
machinery is wanted to set up schools in which
Christianity was taught and Bible teaching was
introduced when these Christian missionaries
started forcing the people Indians feared that their
religion is under mind because of British rule
Impact
Christian missionaries become a threat for local
indian religions such as islam hinduism n Sikhism as
they made people to learn about Christianity and
Sikhism as they made people to learn about
Christianity and convert to it which creates
resentment among the Indians as it was completely
unacceptable to them
3. Social reason
The social reason of war of independence were
British started to spread their culture in India
because they considered their culture as superior
they were of a point of views as Indians are
uncivilised and Indians were treated as inferior
race By British British literature was seen as more
worthy than Indian literature which made indian's
furious British we're not respectable towards
Indians and they were seen as lowly people which-
was not acceptable
Impact
Indians felt that their culture was under the threat
of British and if they will not revolted against the
british them they will lose their identity on their
own land
4. Economic reason
British made huge profits from Indian trade and
huge wealth out of it not only this they also took
jewels from India they head so much well but still
they impose heavy taxes on Indians British were
fetching the wells from subcontinent and to get to
Britain British exploited Indians well to the fullest
text collectors of British were corrupts and
accepted bribes which made Indians very
frustrated even if the Indians join the British
turned they were treated as slaves and their
salaries were kept very low
Impact
British drained the wealth out of India while
Indians had very less opportunities to earn better
wages so they remain poor and could hardly afford
the living
5. Milatary reason
British cab the higher position for themselves in
the Indian army they were not given any higher
positions which was unacceptable Indians were
only given the position of sepoys anniversary first
in the battlefield salaries of these sepoys were also
kept very low Indians only wanted to fight for their
motherland India but they were forcefully send
abroad to fight they were sent to Afghanistan
Europe and Burma which created hatred for British
officers among the Indians
Impact
Indian sepoys were resentful against their British
officers and as they were not allowed promotions
in the army and they were forced to fight
battlefields to defend Britain when they only
wanted to fight for India
6. Greece cartridge
British introduced Greece cartridge for army these
cartridge has to be beaten of before using them
rumours were that it was made of cow fat and pig
fat cows was considered only for Hindus and pig
was prohibited for Muslims it offended their
religion due to which Indian soldiers refused to use
grease cartridges British officers reactively fiercely
to do soldiers who did not obey an executed most
of them which anger the sepoys and they started
revolt against british
Impact
The introduction of grease cartridge created
resentment against the indian as they felt that the
british has no respect for the religion and they
were executed for obeying their own religious
practices
Events of the war of
independence (1857)
In may some sepoys in meerut refused to use
the grease cartridge
British started executing Indian sepoys who
refused to use grease cartridge including
mangal Pandey
Seepoys started revolt against the British
forces from meerut and captured it
Seepoys captured Delhi and bahadur Shah 2
became the unified leader of the Indian troops
Battle of cawnpore/kanpur
The Indian troops were led by Nana sahib
attacked the city of kanpur and the British
forces inside the city
nanasaheb besieged the city of kanpur and
the British forces were trapped inside the city
for 3 weeks
nanasaheb offered a safe passage to the
British soldiers and families on the condition
that the city should be surrendered to the
Indian troops
Nana saheb broke his words and brutally
attacked the British families and troops killing
300 of them
Defeat of mughal emperor
British captured Delhi and bahadur Shah 2
surrendered peacefully
His son mirza Mughal Mirza Sultan and Mirza
abubakr were murdered
British forces were too strong and captured
several parts such as Lucknow
India's uprising came to an end with the
defeat of Mughal emperor
Battle of jhansi
During the War of independence jhansi
became the last centre of opposition against
the British Raj
jhansi was led by a female ruler laxmi bai who
was leading the sea points against the British
lakshmibai was supported by capable Indian
general tatya topee for the final fight against
the British forces
lakshmibai was killed in the battle by the
British forces which officially bought an end
to the war of independence
Reasons for failure of war of
independence
Lack of unity
What war of independence failed because of
the leg of unity among the Indians there was
number plan to work together due to which
Indian attacks were not coordinated and they
did not attack together it was advantageous
for British as they easily defeated the
disunited Indians it was a British policy that
they take troops some different parts of India
and make them attack on the area which are
non ancestral for them these British Bengali
troops were the ones who supported British
to capture punjab's and thats why Punjab did
ones who supported Bengali troops in war of
independence against the British when
Bengali troops need help moreover Hindus
and Sikhs did not wanted the revival of
Mughal empire due to which they did not
cooperated with Muslims
Impact
The lack of unity among the indians proved to
be the greatest of the weakness as british
exploited their division and defeated them
easy
Lack of leadership
War of independence also failed due to lack
of leadership and there was no single
leadership for the uprising during the war of
independence Hindus and Sikhs fought for
their own lands and powers and did not
wanted the revival of Mughal empire
moreover these Indians nawabs only wanted
to restore their own feudal power and
wanted rule over there people due to which
they even sign treaties with British some local
rulers also help Kashmir to make their own
power such as gulab Singh ogara of Kashmir
Impact
As much as British were united under their
leadership indian's were completely divided
as only Muslims accepted Mughal emperor as
their leader while other parts of India
followed their own regional leaders which
made it easier for British to defeat them one
by one
Strength of the british
The success of British in war of independence
was due to their strength they were politically
economically and militarily very strong they
had gone through industrial revolution due to
which they had advanced and modern
weapons not only these British head colonies
all over the world due to which they were
making huge profits by getting outraged
which insured a constant supply of
ammunition to them British Army was very
experienced and had modern methods of
fighting due to which they were able to win
the battles even against the 10 times bigger
army than their force not only this British
head skilled diplomats who knew the
weakness of Indian rulers and used to
convince local leaders to work against Mughal
empire and its supporters British Army was
developed and advanced due to which they
used their fast movement to defeat each
group their modern communication system
also help them to get know about different
parts of Indians
Impact
British proof to be too powerful for the
Indians as they were able to take back all
their lands from their Indian sepoys and the
rebellion was crushed easily by the British
Birth of nationalist ideas
Nationalist leader was
Rajinarayan bose
Nationalist ideas were developed because
British did not share power with the Indian
British selfishly ruled India and kept all the
important posts in the government for
themselves and the dominant over Indian it is
said that from 1858 to 1870 there was only
one Indian Indian civil service unrest drop
them were British the Indians were made to
feel inferior and were always treated as slaves
this cause great resentment among the
Indians
Impact
The leg of trust on Indians made them feel
that the British considered them as lowly
people who are not skilled to run the matters
of the state with Britis
they were developed because British wanted
to run the matter of India to benefit
themselves only British always wanted to take
profits out of India and wanted to capture the
resources of India they were looting India and
constantly trying to increase their profits they
also remove duties from import wage
increase their profit file on the other hand the
economy of India had a devastating effect the
British goods completely took over the
market as they were cheap and were
manufactured in fact piece Indians knew that
British only wanted advantage from Indian
resources and they that's why Indians criticise
the unjust rule of British
Impact
The huge profits made by the British from
India were of great benefits for British
economy so that were not ready to share
these benefits with the Indians and wanted
to keep their monopoly over India
ideas were developed as Indian realise that
British were only drainage the wealth of
India there was a there was a continuous
hatred for the British British respond with
more restrictions on Indians
Impact
British responded beautifully to the
demands of Indians and united the basic
human rights of the Indians fish made their
role highly and popular among the masses
and eventually led to the development of
nationalist ideas
