SCRAMBLED ME!
1. E N G S I E S 6. W E J S H I
2. B H R A A M A 7. S O M E S
3. C N A N A A 8. I S I A N
4. T A N E P U E T C H 9. B W E R E H S
5. C O B A J 10. U D I S A M J
OBJECTIVES
• Examine the significant historical events and
milestones that shaped the development of
Judaism;
• Identify and analyze key biblical figures central
to the historical narrative of Judaism; and
• Foster a deeper understanding of Judaism
historical background.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
JACOB
ABRAHAM
ISAAC
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
JACOB
ABRAHAM
ISAAC
The ancestors of the Jews were groups of Semites called Hebrews.
The origin of the
Jewish people and
the beginning of
Judaism are
recorded in the first
five books of the
Hebrew Bible, the
Pentateuch.
JUDAISM
As a religion and culture, Judaism has three
notable founding figures or patriarchs,
namely, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
their narratives can be found in Genesis
12-50 of their scripture.
JUDAISM
Judaism is anchored upon God’s
revelation to Abraham that He is the
creator and ruler of the universe,
and that He loves His creatures and
demands righteousness from them.
JUDAISM
God chose Abraham
and his family
from all the people
living on earth as
recorded in Genesis 12.
JUDAISM
Later on, he was succeeded
by his son Isaac, his
grandson Jacob, and Jacob’s
twelve sons (Hopfe 1983).
JUDAISM
These patriarchs are depicted as
nomads in biblical stories. According
to tradition, Abraham’s original name
was “Abram” who was born in the
city of Ur of the Chaldeas around
1800 B.C.E.
JUDAISM
A covenant has been established
between God and Abram, and Abram
must prove his worth to this
agreement by way of tests of faith
throughout his lifetime.
JUDAISM
Later in life, the old Abram and Sarah
had a son named Isaac, the heir to God’s
covenant and the ancestor of the Jewish
people. Abram’s name was changed to
“Abraham” or the “the father of many
nations.” Abraham’s story is narrated in
Genesis 11-25 of the Hebrew Bible.
JUDAISM
The most difficult trial given to Abraham came
when God commanded that he sacrifice his
own son Isaac at an altar in Mount Moriah.
Abraham obeyed by building a fire and tying
up Isaac. With Abraham’s obedience being put
to the test, an angel stopped him and he was
eventually reunited with his son. A ram was
instead sacrificed in place of Isaac.
JUDAISM
JUDAISM
God had referred to
Isaac as Abraham’s
“only son, whom you
love.”
Isaac (estimated
to be around
10–12 years old)
ABRAHAM PREPARES THE FIREWOOD FOR
THE SACRIFICE
“God will provide
for himself the lamb
for a burnt
offering.”
“Behold, the fire
and the wood…but
where is the lamb
for a burnt
offering?”
ABRAHAM BINDS UP ISAAC
ABRAHAM PREPARES TO SACRIFICE ISAAC
GOD STOPS ABRAHAM
At the very last moment, God intervenes:
Abraham hugs Isaac, and is
relieved to get his son back
God provides a ram in the
thicket - a dense group of
bushes or trees.
ISAAC AND REBECCA
Later on, Isaac married
Rebecca who bore him
twin sons, Jacob and
Esau.
ISAAC AND REBECCA
A close encounter with an
angel merited him a change
of name from Jacob to
“Israel” which means “the
one who wrestled with God.”
The Jewish people are
referred to as the
“children of Israel.”
ISAAC AND REBECCA
Among four different women, Jacob
fathered twelve sons
and one daughter. The twelve sons who
became the ancestors of the tribes
in Israel were Reuben, Simeon, Levi,
Judah, Zebulun, Issachar, Dan, Gad,
Asher, Naphtali, Joseph, and Benjamin.
ISAAC AND REBECCA
JOSEPH - was able to see and
interpret visions.
MOSES
On Mount Horeb, Abraham’s God revealed
himself to Moses as he spoke through a
burning bush that was not consumed.
Revealing God’s name as “Yahweh,” he
commanded Moses to return to Egypt and
demand the release of Israelites from
slavery.
MOSES
King of Egypt - Pharaoh
He was the source of the sufferings
of the Israelites during the time
Moses and the one who did not
believe in the message of God
through Moses.
MOSES
After his initial refusal, the Egyptian pharaoh
conceded after the ten miraculous and horrific
plagues were inflicted by God upon Egypt and its
people, most especially the plague on the
firstborn. While the firstborn sons of every
Egyptian household would die, sons of Israelites
would be saved if they marked their door posts
with the blood of lamb killed in sacrifice.
MOSES
'The blood shall be a sign
for you on the houses
where you live; and when I
see the blood I will pass
over you, and no plague
will befall you to destroy
you when I strike the land
of Egypt.
Exodus 12:13
MOSES
In that fated night, the
lamb must be cooked
and
eaten with bitter
herbs and
unleavened bread.
This is known as the
Passover,
an important Jewish
festival.
MOSES
The Israelites were
banished from
Egypt with Moses
leading them across
the Red Sea.
iz.ree·uh·lites
MOSES
The pursuing
Egyptian chariots
were drowned
after the waters
receded.
TEN COMMANDMENTS
Another significant
event in Jewish
history was the
giving of the Ten
Commandments at
Mount Sinai.
TEN COMMANDMENTS
These supreme laws,
which are basic to the
Jewish people, were
communicated to the
Israelites through
Moses during
their time in the
wilderness.
TEN COMMANDMENTS
Moses eventually united the
different tribes into one group
and consecrated to the worship
of the one living god (Brown
1975). Forty years after the
Exodus, Moses died in the
desert within reach of the
The 10 Commandments in Exodus 20:2-17
The 10 Commandments in Deuteronomy 5:6-21
“Promised Land.”
SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS OF JUDAISM
CONCEPT OF LEADERSHIP -
KINGSHIP GOVERNMENT - BASED
ON THE OLD TESTAMENT
RABBI - TEACHER AND
INTERPRETER OF THE JEWISH LAWS
AND CUSTOMS.
The Jewish people
have been called
the “people of the
Book”
GUIDE
INSPIRATION
AUTHORITY
TORAH - Teachin
g
composed of the first “Five Books”
Pentateuch
GENESIS
EXODUS
LEVITICUS
NUMBERS
DEUTERONOMY
Pentateuch
Pentateuch traditionally
believed to have been
authored by Moses
through divine
instruction in Sinai.
basic laws, narrates the history, religious statues, and moral regulations
for individuals and society, ceremonial rites and creation stories by
Yahweh, and the origin and growth of mankind
TORAH
Torah refers to
the “Five Books
of Moses.
HEBREW BIBLE
TANAKH
-to the Jews
OLD
TESTAMENT
to non -Jews
NEVI’IM Prophets
Earlier Prophets,
Prophets served as Later Prophets, and
twelve minor prophets.
spokespersons who
criticize the hypocritical
practices of Jewish rituals.
They were specifically
chosen by God to preach
his message to the people.
KETUVIM Writing
s
contains works on poetry, temple
ritual, private prayer, philosophical
explorations, and other canonical
works. (novel)
TALMUD
OR
Oral Torah
another sacred writing of
Judaism
TALMUD
• All studies and interpretations done by
Jewish rabbis or teachers of the Torah
are contained in the Talmud.
• authoritative collection of rabbinic
interpretations of the sacred
scriptures.
MISHNAH
• restatement of the law by a respected
opinion.
• restatement of Talmud
GEMARA
• it includes legends, folklores, and
sayings.
• Jerusalem and Babylonia
PENTATEUCH
• The Pentateuch is the single most
important scripture for the Jewish people
that became the source of their
inspiration and direction for centuries.
• It became the foundation of other
essential Jewish writings, such as the
Talmud and Mishnah.
JUDAISM
FACTS
• In Judaism, actions are more significant than
beliefs.
• There is one everlasting god who created the
universe in its entirety and remains the
master of it (Parrinder 1971).
JUDAISM FACTS
• Human beings were created by God who
provided them the capacity to decide what is
right and wrong, for Jews, all human beings
are created equal.
• God can communicate with humans through
revelations.
• Humans can also commune to him by means
of prayers and meditations.
ARTICLES OF FAITH
Jewish philosopher Moshe ben Maimon
(also known as Rambam or Moses
Maimonides) - proponent
the minimum requirements of Jewish belief
THE TEN COMMANDMENTS
The Ten Commandments are a set of
absolute laws given by God to Moses at
the biblical Mount Sinai that shall
govern the life of every Israelite. Most
scholars consider this period as the
official beginning of Judaism as an
organized and structured belief
system.
mentioned in Hebrew Bible,
particularly, in Exodus and in
Deuteronomy
the minimum requirements of Jewish belief
The Jewish community utilizes a lunar calendar with twelve months, each beginning at the
new moon of 29 or 30 days.
The Jewish calendar is followed in observance of festivities, holidays, and community and
family celebrations to commemorate key events in Jewish history and other events that
depict the special connections with the world, such as creation, revelation, and
redemption.
• The most important day in the
Jewish calendar.
• Sabbath day is every Saturday
(7th day of the week)
• Sabbath or (Shabbat)
• Commemorates God’s
completion of the creation of
the universe and his rest after
the six-day toil
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/pronunciation/english/synagogue
Synagogues are Jewish temples
of worship, instruction, and
community fellowship that
contain separate rooms designed
for specific activities, such as
praying and studying.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/pronunciation/english/synagogue
Brit Milah – Also known as a bris
or circumcision is a ritual that
happens eight days after a baby
boy is born and welcomes him
into the covenant of Judaism.
Brit Milah is the ceremony during
which a circumcision is performed on
Jewish baby boys when they are 8
days old. This ceremony is important
for many Jewish people as it is a
symbol of the covenant that God
made with Abraham.
Brit milah , or “the covenant of circumcision,” is first
mentioned in the Torah when God commands Abraham to
circumcise himself and his offspring: “Every male among you
shall be circumcised…it shall be a sign of a the covenant
between Me and you. Whoever is eight days old shall be
circumcised, every male throughout your generations”
(Genesis 17:11-12). Since this commandment was given before
the birth of Isaac, the second of the biblical patriarchs,
Abraham performs brit milah on himself, his son Ishmael (the
offspring of his concubine, Hagar), and all of his male
servants. The following year his son, Isaac, is born and then
circumcised on the eighth day as commanded.
