Handbook

MBBS Degree Programme2024

FACULTY OF MEDICINE
GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA
DEFENCE UNIVERSITY
 1

THE LOGO OF THE FACULTY OF

MEDICINE, GENERAL SIR JOHN
KOTELAWALA DEFENCE
UNIVERSITY

The two swords, anchor and wings represent the Sri Lanka Army,
Navy and Air Force respectively. The serpents and winged staff
represent the symbol of the medical profession.

2
FOREWORD
I congratulate you on being selected to train as a medical professional at the
Faculty Medicine (FOM), General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University
(KDU), the only medical school which trains military medical students in Sri
Lanka.

Our undergraduates at the Faculty of Medicine include both military medical

students (cadets) and non-military foreign medical students. The uniqueness of
our medical faculty is the inclusion of subjects such as aeronautical, naval,
nuclear, emergency, trauma and critical care medicine in addition to the
subjects of a normal medical curriculum. The academic programme aims to
develop your knowledge, skills and attitudes with the intention of producing
competent, dedicated, disciplined and compassionate medical professionals
who will also be continuous learners and researchers. The exposure to military
practices will further enrich your university life and enable you to develop
integral life skills such as discipline, commitment, teamwork, leadership and
time management. Students at KDU are also encouraged and given ample
opportunities to take part in sports and other aesthetic and club activities. The
end result of all of the above will be to produce a well-rounded medical
professional.

This handbook contains a brief history of the FOM KDU, details of the medical
course, assessment methods leading to the MBBS degree, the code of conduct
and examination by-laws which all medical students are expected to abide by.
Disciplinary action will be taken in accordance with the rules of the KDU
against any student who fails to abide by the rules and regulations of the KDU.

As you start your medical education, I wish you the very best for a successful
and enjoyable career in the medical profession.

Col (Prof) A Balasuriya

Dean – Faculty of Medicine
General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University
January 2024

3
 VISION

To be a medical school nationality and internationally known for its

unique ability to produce military and civilian medical graduates who
will fulfill the health requirements of the tri-services, state sector and
society at large with global outreach.

MISSION
To prepare skilled leaders in the medical profession who practice
patient-centered medicine of the highest ethical and medical
standards across widely differing fields throughtraining, research
and lifelong education
CONTENTS
Foreword
Vision and Mission

Institutional Objectives

Intended Learning Outcomes

List of Administrative and Academic staff
The University and Faculty of Medicine
Academic Programme
The Pre-clinical Sciences
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Physiology
The Para-clinical Sciences
Microbiology
Parasitology Forensic
Medicine Pathology
Pharmacology
Public health and Family Medicine
The Clinical Sciences
Medicine
Surgery
Paediatrics
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Psychiatry
Rules for students
INSTITUTIONAL OBJECTIVES
 To be a centre of excellence in providing high quality medical
education, meeting the highest international standards, responding to
the changing external environment with vision,advocacy and resilience.
 To produce highly disciplined, self-motivated and dedicated doctors
who show compassion and respect towards their patientsand meet their
health needs in the context of their families and society.
 To produce doctors with the ability to deal with humanitarian crises
such as war, terrorism, man-made and natural disasters and ensure
safety of civilians as well as military personnel.
 To be a centre which provides continuing professional development and
postgraduate training to health care professionals.
 To be a centre for medical innovation and research which generates
new knowledge to meet the health needs of the society at large.

1
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES OF
THE MEDICAL GRADUATES

1. To acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes required to manage common

diseases within the social, religious, cultural and economic milieu of
medical practice in Sri Lanka.
2. To be able to gain the trust of patients, communicate effectively and
enable patients to make informed decisions about their own health.
3. To be able to provide promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative
care to fulfill the health needs of the individual,family and community.
4. To be able to function efficiently in multi-professional and
multidisciplinary teams, both as a team player as well as a team leader.
5. To develop skills of critical thinking and appraisal of medical evidence
in order to practice evidence based medicine.
6. To be able to perform basic medico-legal procedures and discharge
statutory duties.
7. To acquire the skills and experience required to plan, conduct and
report research using a systematic and scientific approach.
8. To be a health care professional who applies ethical principles in
medicalpractice,inconductingresearchandinone‟ spersonallife.
9. To be committed to teach health professionals as well as educate the
society and develop the skills required to be a competent teacher and
trainer.
10. To possess the appropriate attitudes towards personal and professional
development through reflective practice and life-longlearning.
 ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF
Dean : Col (Prof.) A Balasuriya
Associate Professor in Public Health & Family Medicine
MBBS (Col), MSc (ComMed) (Col), MD (ComMed),
FGDBS (Homagama) MA (Kelaniya)
Office : 0112 638656(Ext–272)
Mobile 071 8427086
Email : deanfom@kdu.ac.lk

Medical Education Snr. Prof. Susirith Mendis

MBBS (Sri Lanka), PhD (Ruhuna)

Mobile : 072 2230165
Email : mendiss@kdu.ac.lk

Senior Assistant Ms. RBPM Rathnayaka

Registrar MSc of Public Policy (GRIPS,Japan), BSc in Public Management (USJ),

Office : 0112 – 638656 (Ext – 322)

Email : arfom@kdu.ac.lk
ACADEMIC STAFF
DEPARTMENT OF PRE-CLINICAL SCIENCES
Head of Department
Lt. Col. (Prof.) WMMS Bandara
Professor in Biochemistry
BSc (Pdn), MSc(Pdn), MS (WSU,USA), PhD (Col), MI Biol

Anatomy

Col. (Dr) HHLK Fernando

Head - Anatomy
Senior Lecturer in Anatomy
MBBS (UOR),PGDip in Hospital Design and Hospital Administration
(IIHS, Sri Lanka), MSc (Asia e-university, Malaysia), M Phil (UOR),
Reading for PhD on Health Information Management and security (Asia e-
university, Malaysia), Head-(Medical Information & Digital Health /
UHKDU (Dept. of MI&DH).

Dr. KMN Kumarasinghe

Senior Lecturer in Anatomy
MBBS (USJP), PhD (Newcastle) (Australia), Coordinator-Centre for
Behavioural Neurosciences, Co-ordinator-Personal and Professional
Development.

Mr. AI Abeykoon
Lecturer in Anatomy
BSc (Hons) (USJP),MPhil (Reading) (UoK)

Dr. KDC Kaluarachchi

MBBS (University of Science & Technology Chittagong)
Physiology
Snr. Prof. ALS Mendis
Head – Physiology
Senior Professor of Physiology
MBBS (Col), PhD (UoR)
Prof. Sudharshani Wasalathanthri
Professor in Physiology
MBBS(Colombo), PhD(Colombo)

Prof. Priyadarshika Hettiarachchi

Professor in Physiology
MBBS (SJP), MPhil (SJP),PhD(SJP)

Dr.KDCU Wijayasiri
(MBBS (SL), Dip.Spo.Med(col), PhD in Clinical Exercise Physiology ,
member AACVPR(USA)

Dr. LS Kaththiriarachchi
Senior Lecturer in Physiology
MD (Hon) (MMSU,Russia), PGCert.MedEd (UoC), PG Dip Med Physiology (UoC),
PhD in Neurophysiology (USJ)

Dr IU Wimalasiri
Lecturer (Probationary) in PhysiologyMBBS (USJP), PG Cert. in Med Ed (PGIM,
UoC), MD (Psychiatry) (PGIM, UoC)

Dr. DN Dahanayake
Lecturer (Probationary) in Physiology
B.Sc.(USJP),M.Sc.(UoC), M.Sc.(Reading), CTHE(KDU)
Certificate in Postgraduate Research (UoC).
Biochemistry
Dr. YSHTD Silva
Head – Biochemistry
Senior Lecturer in Biochemistry
MBBS (UoD, UK), MSc (UCL, UK), BSc (QMUL, UK), PhD (USJP)
Professor CL Goonasekara
Professor in Biochemistry
BSc (Hons) (Colombo), PhD (MUN, Canada).

Lt. Col. (Prof.) WMMS Bandara

Professor in Biochemistry
BSc (Pdn), MSc(Pdn), MS (WSU,USA), PhD (Col), MI Biol

Dr. AJIS Rathnayake

Senior Lecturer in Biochemistry
B.Sc (Col) MS (WSU, USA) PhD (Colombo)

Dr. GRNN Waidyarathna

Lecturer in Biochemistry
BSc (UoW), PhD (USJP)
DEPARTMENT OF PARA-CLINICAL SCIENCES
Head of the Department

Dr. PM Athauda-arachchi
Head – Pharmacology
Senior Lecturer in Pharmacology
MBBS (1st Class Hons) MRCP (UK) PhD (Cantab) CCT (UK) FRCPG (UK)
FRCPE (UK) FESC FACC
Consultant Interventional Cardiologist (UK & SL Board Certified)

Microbiology
Dr. FN Mubarak
Head – Microbiology
Senior Lecturer in Microbiology
MBBS (Karachci), Dip (Med Micro), MD (Med Micro)

Dr. PBV Navaratne

Senior Lecturer in Microbiology
MBBS (NCMC), PG Dip (Med Micro), MD (Med Micro), BSc (USA)

Dr. WMID Nakkawita

Senior Lecturer in Microbiology
MBBS (Col), PG Dip (Micro), MD (Med Micro), Dip RC Path (UK)
Parasitology

Lt. Col. (Dr.) PH Premaratne

Head - Parasitology Professor in
Anesthesiology Senior Lecturer
in ParasitologyBSc (Hons) (Col),
PhD (Col)

Snr. Prof. MV Weerasooriya Senior

Professor of Parasitology
MBBS(Pdn), DMSc (Japan),
FNASSL

Dr. AD De Silva
Professor in immunology
PhD (Pennsylvania, USA), B.S (Missouri, USA)

Pharmacology
Dr. PM Athauda-arachchi
Head – Pharmacology
Senior Lecturer in Pharmacology
MBBS (1st Class Hons) MRCP (UK) PhD (Cantab) CCT (UK) FRCPG (UK)
FRCPE (UK) FESC FACC
Consultant Interventional Cardiologist (UK & SL Board Certified)

Snr. Prof. BMR Fernandopulle Senior

Professor of Pharmacology MBBS
(Ceylon), PhD (Col), FSLCGP

Dr. ME Balasooriya
Senior Lecturer in Pharmacology MBBS
(Pdn), MD (Anaesthesiology)
Dr. ADM Gunasekara senior Lecturer in Pharmacology (Probationary)MBBS (Chittagong
Medical
Dr. PM Athauda-arachchi
Senior Lecturer in Pharmacology
MBBS MRCP(UK), PhD (Cantab), CCT(UK), FESC, FRCP(Glasg), FRCPE

Dr. ADM Gunasekara

Lecturer in Pharmacology (Probationary)
MBBS (Chittagong Medical College)

Forensic Medicine
Snr. Prof. PR Fernando
Senior Professor in Forensic Medicine
MBBS, MD, FCCP, FCCGP, DMJ (London), FRCP(London), FRCP(Glasgow)FRCP
(Edin), FRC(Path-UK)
Pathology
Dr. PDIS Somarathne
Head - Pathology
Senior Lecturer in Pathology
MBBS (Pdn), PG Dip- clinical Hematology(Col), MD–Clinical Hematology (Col)

Dr. IHS Kumarasinghe

Senior Lecturer in Pathology
MBBS (Col), D Path, MD Histopathology (SL)

Dr. TI Withanawasam
Senior Lecturer in Pathology
MBBS (Ruhuna), Dip in Transfusion Medicine (Col)
MD in Transfusion Medicine (Col)
Public Health & Family Medicine
Dr. NS Fernando
Head - Public Health & Family Medicine
Senior Lecturer in Community Medicine
MBBS (Ruhuna), MSc ComMed (Col), MD PGIM (Col)

Snr. Prof. SR De Alwis Senevirathne Senior

Professor of Community Medicine
MBBS (Ceylon) (Hons), Dip. Med Ed (UK), MMED (Dundee), MD (Col)
FCCP (SL)

Col.(Prof.) A Balasuriya
Professor in Public Health & Family Medicine
MBBS (Col), MSc (ComMed) (Col), MD (ComMed), FGDBS (Homagama)MA
(Kelaniya)

Dr. AU Gamage
Senior Lecturer in Community Medicine
MBBS (Kelaniya), MSc Comm Med (Col), MD ComMed (Col) Graduate
Certificate in Economics (Aus)
MSc Health Economics & Policy (Aus)
DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL SCIENCES
Head of the Department
Prof. GDI Rodrigo
Head of the Department
Professor of Paediatrics
MBBS (Col), DCH, MD Paediatrics (Col), MRCP (UK), MRCPCH (UK)
D Phil (Oxon)

Medicine
Dr. MMPT Jayasekara
Head-Medicine
Senior Lecturer in Medicine
MBBS, MD, MRCP(UK), FRCP (London), FRCP (Edin), FACP (USA)
FCCP, MRCP SCE (Diabetes& Endocrinology)

Air Cdre (Prof) RANK Wijesinghe

Professor of Medicine
MBBS (Ruhuna), MD (Col), FRCP (London), FRCP (Edin)
FRACP, FCCP, FCSANZ

Snr. Prof. MHR Sheriff Senior

Professor in Medicine
MBBS, MD, MRCP, FRACP, FCCP, FNASSL

Prof. KASJ Balawardane

Professor in Oncology
MBBS, MD (Col), FRCP (Edin), FRCP (Lond)

Dr. TMJ Munasinghe Senior

Lecturer in MedicineMBBS
(Col), MD (Col)
Surg. Cdr. (Dr) Gayani Senanayake
Senior Lecturer in Medicine
MBBS (Col), MD (Radiology)(Col), FRCP (UK)

Dr. MMPT Jayasekara Senior

Lecturer in Medicine
MBBS, MD, MRCP(UK), FRCP (London), FRCP (Edin), FACP (USA)
FCCP, MRCP SCE (Diabetes& Endocrinology)

Dr. T. Samarawickrama
Senior Lecturer in Medicine
MBBS, MD, Fellowship CTCA (UK), Fellowship IVUS (Japan), FCCP

Dr. S Rasnayake
Senior Lecturer in Medicine MBBS
(Pdn), MD (Oncology) (Col)

Dr Sachithra Illangantilaka
Senior Lecturer in Medicine
MBBS(Colombo),MD(Medicine),MRCP(UK),
MRCP(UK)Rheumatology SCE

Dr. DH Jayasena Lecturer

in Medicine
MBBS, MRCP (UK), MD (Bristol), MD (Col)

Dr. AMNL de Silva

Lecturer in Medicine
MBBS (Col), MD (Col)

Dr. DP Jayasena
Lecturer (Probationary) in Medicine
MBBS (University of Southampton)
Surgery
Dr. WDD de Silva
Head – Surgery
Senior Lecturer in Surgery
MBBS (USJP), MD Surgery (Col), FRCS (Eng), DU Chair Lap (Stras)

Prof. MHJ Ariyaratne

Professor in Surgery
MBBS(Col), MS (Col), FRCS (Eng), FRCS (Ed), Senior Fellow PGIM (Col),FCS
(SL)

Dr. RN Ellawala
Senior Lecturer in Surgery
MBBS (Col), MS (Col), FRCS (Glas), (Hons), FCSSL

(Prof.) PTR Makuloluwa

Professor in Anaesthesia
MBBS (Col), MD (Anaesthesiology), FRCA (London)

Surg. Capt. (Dr.) NRP Perera

Senior Lecturer in Surgery
MBBS (Col), MS (Col), FRCS (Eng)

Dr. KDW Wijenayake

Senior Lecturer in Surgery
MBBS (Col), MS (Col), MRCS (Eng)

Surg. Cdr. (Dr). AN Senanayake

Senior Lecturer in Surgery
MBBS (Col), MD Surgery (Col), FRCS (Eng)

Dr. RE Wickramarachchi
Senior Lecturer in Surgery
MBBS(USJP), MD (Col), MRCS (Eng)
Dr. LKDCR Karunathilaka
Senior Lecturer in Surgery
MBBS (SL), MS (SL), MRCS (Eng), MCh (Trauma & Ortho) (Edin)

Dr. KSR Pushpakumara

Senior Lecturer in Surgery
MBBS (Col), MRCS (Eng), MD (Col)

Dr. KAE Fernando

Senior Lecturer in Surgery
MBBS, MD (Ophth), FRCS (Ophth)

Dr. TV Sanjeewanie Senior

Lecturer in Surgery
MBBS (USJP), MD (Otorhinolaryngology) (Col), DOHNS (Eng)

Surg. Cdr. (Dr.) RMSK Rajapaksha

Senior Lecturer in Surgery
MBBS (USJP), MD Surgery (Col), MRCS (Eng)

Dr. BCIJ Nanayakkara

Lecturer in Surgery
MBBS (Col), MD (Col), MRCS (Eng)
Paediatrics
Prof. GDI Rodrigo
Head - Paediatrics
Professor of Paediatrics
MBBS, DCH, MD, MRCP (UK), MRCPCH, D Phil (Oxon)

Snr. Prof. ND Warnasuriya Senior

Professor of Paediatrics
MBBS, FRCP (London), FCCP, FSLCP, FCGP (Hons), DCH (Eng)

Dr. SAC Dalpatadu

Senior Lecturer in Paediatrics
MBBS (Col), DCH, MD Paediatrics (Col)

Dr. I Liyanage
Senior Lecturer in Paediatrics
MBBS, MD Paediatrics (Col)

Dr. TADN Ranasinghe Senior

Lecturer in Paediatrics
MBBS(Col), MD Peadiatrics, DCH

Dr.MDAS Gunatilleka
Senior Lecturer in Paediatrics
MBBS(Col), MD Peadiatrics, DCH

Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Prof. Deepal Weerasekara
Head – Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Professor in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
MBBS, MS (OXG), FRCS (Ed), FRCOG, FSLCOG

Dr.BGCM Banagala
Senior Lecturer in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
MBBS, MS, MRCOG

SURG.Cpt.SNK Rodrigo
Senior Lecturer in Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
MBBS, MS, FSLCOG, FRCOG, DFSRH
Dr.TRN Fernando
Senior Lecturer in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
MBBS, MS(O&G)

Dr.DMEP Gunasekara
Senior Lecturer in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
MBBS, MD (Reproductive Medicine)

Dr. CD Ekanayake
Senior Lecturer in Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
BBS (Pdn), MD(O&G), PhD, Dip in Advanced Laparoscopy, Fellowship in Gynecological
Endoscopy
Psychiatry
Dr. BJ Mendis
Head – Psychiatry
Senior Lecturer in Psychiatry
MBBS (Col), MD (Col), FSLCPsy, FCCP

Dr. NFJ Fernando

Senior Lecturer in Psychiatry
MBBS (Pdn), MD (Col), FSLCPs

Ms. TH Solomons
Senior Lecturer in Psychiatry
BA in Psychology (Special)(Pdn), Mphil in Clinical Psychology (Col)

Ms. MKOK De Silva

Lecturer in Clinical Psychology
BS Psych (Hons) (USA), MSc Applied Psych (UK)
The University
General Sir John Kotelawela Defence University (KDU) was initially
established as the “General Sir John Kotelawala Defence Academy” by the
Parliamentary Act No 68 of 1981 and subsequently elevated to university status
by the Amendment Act No 27 of 1988. KDU is located at the Kandawala
Estate in Ratmalana, which was donated by the late General Sir John
Kotelawala. There are nine Faculties currently established and functional in the
KDU. They include the Faculty of Defence and Strategic Studies, Faculty of
Law, Faculty of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of
Engineering, Faculty ofMedicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of
Graduate Studies, Faculty of Built Environment and Spatial Sciences and
Faculty of Computing. The last two are located in the Southern Campus at
Sooriyawewa. The other Faculties and the main administrative buildings are
located in the main campus at Kandawala, Ratmalana. A specific facility for
research and innovation, KDU–CARE is also located within the main campus.

The Faculty of Medicine

The Faculty of Medicine, KDU was established in 2009 under a memorandum
of understanding with the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna (UOR).
The Faculty of Medicine (FOM), KDU adopted the curriculum of the Faculty
of Medicine (UOR) with a few modifications necessitated due to it being a
Medical Faculty within a Defence University. A few additional subjects such
as aeronautical, naval, nuclear, emergency, trauma and critical care medicine
and military training were included in the course as additions to the generic
curriculum. The course covers a total period of 5 years.

The first 3 batches of medical students numbering 25, 22 and 26 respectively

consisted exclusively of cadets affiliated to the tri-services. They were a
constituent of the 27th, 28th and 29th intakes of the KDU. The preclinical course
up to the 2nd MBBS examination was conducted at the University of Ruhuna
for the first 2 batches. From Intake 29 onwards, the course is conducted entirely
on site at Ratmalana.
Due to the requirement of a minimum critical mass of students to run a viable
and sustainable Medical School, the Board of Management of theKDU decided
to recruit academically eligible foreign students on a fee levying basis to
complement the military students from the fourth batch (30th) intake onwards,
subject to an upper limit of 100 students per batch.

There have been ten intakes up to date as a combination of military cadets and
foreign civilian students. Up to the third intake, only male cadets were
recruited. Subsequent intakes have included a significant number of female
cadets as well. The MBBS degree programme is conducted by qualified and
experienced academic and medicalprofessionals. Details of the teachers at the
FOM can be accessed at the KDU website (www.kdu.ac.lk).

The Faculty of Medicine

The educational activities in the first 3 semesters are confined to the FOM,
KDU located in Ratmalana. From the 4th semester onwards, clinical training
commences along with lectures. The Kotelawala Defence University Teaching
Hospital (UH-KDU) was completed in 2017, which is located in Werahara.
Most of the professorial clinical teaching and other relevant tertiary clinical
teaching are now beingcarried out there. However, students also have access to
many other state hospitals including the tri-service hospitals for their clinical
clerkships as necessary.
The Ratmalana Medical Officer of Health (MOH) division has been made
accessible to the KDU for the purpose of field training in community medicine.
A family medicine clinic with communication skills traininglaboratory has been
established at the UH-KDU. A few designated general practitioners have been
identified for further exposure to family medicine. The clinical training in
forensic medicine is being conducted at the office of the Judicial Medical
Officer (JMO), Colombo South Teaching Hospital and Kalutara General
Hospital.

The KDU was given the right to conduct a MBBS course which is registrable
with the Sri Lanka Medical Council (SLMC) by an Act of Parliament in 2013.
The Sri Lanka Medical Council having made a deskreview of the submission
made by the KDU made a site inspection in 2014 and granted full recognition
to the MBBS course at KDU for the purpose of registration under section 29 of
the Medical ordinance. So far, six (06) batches of medical graduates from KDU
have completed their internship in state hospitals in Sri Lanka.

Facilities at the Faculty of Medicine

The FOM building houses all the academic and administrative staff of the
FOM, lecture halls, tutorial rooms, an auditorium, state of the art teaching and
research laboratories, dissection room for anatomy, the anatomy museum,
medical library, clinical skills laboratory and a student canteen. A
multidisciplinary museum is also being developed and is available since 2016.
Facilities for sports and recreation are available at the Ratmalana campus whilst
the swimming pool is conveniently situated at the FOM premises.
THE PRECLINICAL SCIENCES

The student will study the preclinical science subjects in the first three
semesters. Preclinical Sciences include 3 subject areas, namely Anatomy,
Biochemistry and Physiology. The curriculum is designed to introduce and
facilitate the teaching and learning of the basic structure and function of the
human.

The main assessment in the preclinical sciences program is the 2nd MBBS
examination, held at the end of the 3rd semester assessing all 3 subjects.
Additional in-course assessments will be held at the end of each semester, a
percentage of the marks will be carried over to the final marks at the 2nd MBBS
examination. The details of the in-course assessments and the 2nd MBBS
examination are given under each subject.

A minimum of 80% attendance at all teaching activities including lectures,

tutorials, small group discussions and laboratory training is required to be
eligible to sit the 2nd MBBS examination. To pass a subject at the 2nd MBBS
examination, the student should score a minimum of 40% in theory papers and
obtain a minimum total aggregate of 50% for each subject. A candidate
obtaining 70% or more in a subject in the first attempt will be awarded a
distinction pass in that subject. However, it must be noted that the 2nd MBBS
examination is a barrier examination. A student must pass this examination to
proceedto the paraclinical sciences and clinical training. A student is given only
four (4) attempts to pass this examination. Failure to pass this examination
within four (4) attempts would lead to de-registration. Further details relevant
to the preclinical course can be found in the faculty of medicine examination
by-laws and regulations, which aregiven at the end of this document.
.
ANATOMY
Duration of the course: 3 semesters

Human anatomy is a branch of medical science dealing with the structure of

the human body. This is taught through lectures and by dissection of cadavers.
The term “anatomy” is derived from the ancient Greek term meaning “to
dissect”. Human anatomy is considered as one of the basic essential sciences of
medicine.

The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic

anatomy. Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the examinationof the
human body parts using unaided eyesight. Gross anatomy also includes the
branch of superficial or surface anatomy. On the other hand, microscopic
anatomy or histology involves the use of instruments to study structure of the
human body not visible to the naked eye. Human anatomy also encompasses
both clinical and basic science disciplines including developmental anatomy,
human genetics,neuroanatomy and radiology.
Intended Learning Outcomes:
On completion of this course the student will

1. gain a sound knowledge of the normal disposition of the structureof the

human body, commonly encountered variations in gross structure,
functional and applied anatomy of the various organs as an essential
prerequisite for solving clinical problems which, they will encounter in
their future career as physicians.

2. be able to identify the microscopic structures of various cells, tissues

and organs in the human body and correlate them with their functions
as an important prerequisite to understand their altered state in various
disease processes.

3. gain an understanding of the critical stages of normal development, the

fundamentals of human genetics and the common genetic disorders.

The Academic Programme

Subject Area Teaching/Learning Semester

Method
Gross anatomy Dissections – 260 hours 1-3
Lectures – 40 hours
Tutorials – 84 hours
Clinical anatomy Lectures - 20 hours 1-3
Histology Lectures – 28 hours 1-3
Practical – 31 hours
Neuroanatomy Lectures – 24 hoursPractical– 3
12 hours
Genetics Lectures - 20 hours 1,3
Embryology Lectures – 34 hours 1-3

Assessments
Three continuous assessments will be held at the end of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd
semesters. At the end of the 3rd semester, the 2nd MBBS examination will beheld.
All examinations will be conducted in accordance with Faculty of Medicine
examinations by-laws.
Continuous Assessment 1 (end of 1st semesters)

Method of No of questions Marks allocated

Assessment to 2nd MBBS

MCQ 30 2 1/2
Spot
Gross anatomy 20
Histology 5 2

Continuous Assessment 1 - supplementary

Method of Duration Marks allocated

Assessment to 2nd MBBS
Spot Viva 40 minutes 4 1/2

Continuous Assessment 2 (end of 2nd semester)

Method of No of Marks allocated

Assessment questions to 2nd MBBS

MCQ 30 2 1/2
SEQ
Gross Anatomy 20 2
Histology 5

Continuous Assessment 2 - supplementary

Method of Duration Marks allocated

Assessment to 2nd MBBS

Spot Viva 40 minutes 4 1/2

Continuous Assessment 3 (Neuroanatomy – end of 3rd semester)

Method of No of Marks allocated

Assessment questions to 2nd MBBS
MCQ 10 1
Continuous Assessment 3 – supplementary

Method of Duration Marks allocated to

Assessment 2nd MBBS

Spot Viva 20 minutes

2nd MBBS Examination

Method of No of questions Marks allocated Total marks

Assessment to 2nd MBBS allocated to 2nd
MBBS
MCQ 60 20
SEQ 06 24
Gross Anatomy 40 26
spot
Histology spot 10 10
Viva- voce 7 minutes 10
nd
Total contribution to 2 MBBS examination 90
Continuous Assessment contribution 10
Total 100

2nd MBBS Supplementary Examination

Method of No of questions Marks allocated Total marks

Assessment to 2nd MBBS allocated to 2nd
MBBS
MCQ 60 25
SEQ 6 25
Gross Anatomy 40 30
spot
Histology spot 10 10
Viva-voce 7 minutes 10
Total 100
Recommended textbooks

 Cunningham‟ s Manual of Practical Anatomy (i-iii)

Romanes GJ
(Latest edition)

 Grant‟ s
Dissector Alan J.
Latest Edition

 Clinical Anatomy
Ellis H
(Latest edition)

 Lasts Human Anatomy: Regional and Applied

Chummy SSinnatamby
(Latest edition)

 Clinical Neuroanatomy for Medical Students

Snell RS
(Latest edition)

 Wheater‟ s Functional Histology

Young B, Lowe J, Stevens A, Heath J. &
Deakin P (Latest edition)

 Langman‟ s Medical
Embryology Sadler TW
(Latest edition)

Supplementary Reading:
 Grey‟ s Anatomy for Students
Richard L Drake, A Wayne Vogl and Adam WM Micheal
(Latest edition)

 An Introduction to Medical Genetics

Roberts JAF
(Latest edition)

 Grants atlas
Ann MR Agur and Arthur F Dally
(Latest edition)

 McMinns Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy

Peter HAbrahams
(Latest edition)
BIOCHEMISTRY
Duration of the course: 3 semesters

Biochemistry is the study of the chemical basis of life; in other words, the
chemistry of the living organism. A living organism is a collection of non-
living molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins etc. and ions such as
calcium, magnesium, zinc etc. Within the “body” of the organism, these non-
living molecules and ions interact with one anotherin an organized and orderly
manner to convert this “body” into a “living organism”. The study of these
biomolecules and their interactions is Biochemistry. Biochemistry is the
understanding of the chemical processes associated with “living” at the
molecular level.

A study of these interactions under “normal” circumstances helps the student to

understand “healthy” life. However, occasionally there are defects in these
interactions brought about either due to genetic (hereditary) reasons or effects
of environmental factors such as harmful chemicals or radiation. Such defects
lead to disease. Some of them canbe cured while others are terminal, leading to
death. Knowledge of these defects enables the student to understand the
reasons behind diseases. It also helps scientists to think of ways of correcting
these defects.

This course is designed to cover the aspects of biochemistry relevant to

medicine. A good knowledge of biochemistry enables a student to understand
normal healthy life and disease at molecular level.

Intended Learning Outcomes

On completion of this course the student will

1. have a basic overall knowledge of the important biomolecules found

in the human body and their importance for health.

2. understand the basic metabolic pathways and their regulation to

explain their role in life and how errors in them lead to disease.

3. understand the biochemical principles behind common tests used in

diagnostics and be able to explain the abnormalities seen in
laboratory reports in biochemical terms.
4. have a basic knowledge of the principles of human nutrition,
nutritional requirements and common human nutritional deficiency
diseases.

5. understand the basic principles for planning a suitable healthy diet for
normal, obese and diabetic persons.

6. have a basic knowledge of the applications of molecular techniques

in disease diagnosis and therapeutics.
The Academic Programme

Subject area Teaching/learning method semester

Cell structure Lectures – 2 hours
1
and function Tutorials – 1 hours
pH and buffers Lectures – 2 hours
Tutorials – 1 hour 1
Practical Classes – 3 hours
Carbohydrates Lectures – 5 hours
Tutorials – 1 hour 1
Practical Classes – 3 hours
Proteins Lectures – 5 hours Tutorials
– 2 hours Practical classes – 1
3 hours
Enzymes & Inhibition Lectures – 3 hour
Tutorials – 1 hour Practical 1
classes – 3 hours
Lipids Lectures – 4 hours Tutorials
– 1 hour Practical classes – 1
3 hours
Nucleic acids Lectures – 4 hours
Tutorials – 1 hour Practical 1
classes – 3 hours
Information transfer Lectures – 3 hours 1
Tutorials – 1 hour
Haemoglobin Lectures – 5 hours
Tutorials – 1 hour Practical 1
classes – 3 hours
Free radicals and Lectures – 1 hour
antioxidants 1
Digestion & Lectures– 2 hours
absorption Tutorials–1hour 1
Carbohydrate Lectures – 7 hours
metabolism Tutorials – 2 hours Practical 2
classes – 3 hours
Respiratory chain
and oxidative Lectures – 1 hour 2
phosphorylation
Subject area Teaching/learning method semester
Protein metabolism Lectures– 4 hours Tutorials–
1hour 2
Practical classes – 3 hours
Lipid metabolism Lectures – 7 hours
Tutorials – 2 hours 2
Practical classes – 3 hours
Bilirubin metabolism Lectures– 3 hours Tutorials–
1hour 2
Practical classes – 3 hours
Nucleic acid Lectures – 4 hours
2
metabolism Tutorials – 1 hour
Integration of Lectures – 2 hours
2
metabolism
Diabetes mellitus Lectures – 3 hours
2
Tutorials – 1 hour
Liver metabolism Lectures – 3 hours
2
Tutorials – 1 hour
Inborn errorsof Lectures – 3 hours
2
metabolism Tutorials – 1 hour
Molecular techniques Lectures– 5 hours Tutorials–
in medicine 1hour 2
Practical classes – 3 hours
Micronutrients Lectures – 3 hours
2
Tutorials – 1 hour
Foods and diets Lectures – 4 hours
Tutorials – 1 hour 3
Practical classes – 3 hours
Principles of nutrition Lectures – 7 hours
Tutorials – 1 hour 3
Practical classes – 3 hours
Vitamins Lectures – 5 hours
Tutorials – 2 hours 3
Practical classes – 3 hours
Hormone action Lectures – 4 hours
3
Tutorials – 1 hour
Basic clinical Lectures– 10 hours
biochemistry Tutorials– 5hours 3
Practical classes – 3 hours
Plasma proteins Lectures– 2 hours 3
Tutorials– 1hour
Cancer & aging Lectures– 2 hours 3
Tutorials– 1hour
Assessments
Two continuous assessments will be held at the end of each semester. At
the end of the 3rd semester, the 2nd MBBS examination will be held.

Continuous Assessments 1 & 2 (end of 1st and 2nd semester)

Method of No of questions Marks allocated Total marks

Assessment to 2nd MBBS allocated to
2ndMBBS
MCQ 20 2 (2x2) 4
SEQ 2 2 (2x2) 4
Spots 5 1 (1x2) 2
Total 10

Continuous Assessments 1 & 2 (Supplementary)

Method of No of questions Marks allocated Total marks

Assessment to 2nd MBBS allocated to
2ndMBBS
SEQ 2 5 (5x2) 10
Total 10

2nd MBBS Examination

Method of No of questions Marks allocated Total marks

Assessment to 2nd MBBS allocated to 2nd
MBBS
MCQ 40 30
SEQ 6 30
Spots 20 20
Viva-voce 7 minutes 10
nd
Contribution to 2 MBBS 90
Continuous Assessment contribution 10
Total 100
2ndMBBS Supplementary Examination

Method of No of questions Marks allocated Total marks

Assessment to 2nd MBBS allocated to 2nd
MBBS
MCQ 40 35
SEQ 6 35
Spots 20 20
Viva-voce 7 minutes 10
Total 100

Recommended text books:

 Lippincott‟ s Illustrated Reviews

– Biochemistry
Harvey RA (ed)
7th edition, 2017,
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia.

 Harper‟ s
Illustrated
Biochemistry
Murray R, Rodwell V, Bender D, Botham KM, Weil AP, Kennelly PJ31st
edition, 2018
McGraw – Hill Medical, New York.

 Nutrition through the lifecycle

Wickramanyake TW

 Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlation,

Devlin TM
7th edition, 2011
John Wiley & Sons, New York.
PHYSIOLOGY
Duration of the course: 3 semesters

The subject of human physiology - the study of the function of the humanbody –
is fundamental to the study of medicine.

It is the dynamic interplay of processes that keep the body in „normal‟

function. It is a study of the processes that are involved in the interaction
between the
„external‟ environment and the „internal‟ environment of the body. For
convenience, we will be studying our body in a system-based approach
separating, for instance, the cardiovascular system from the respiratory
system. The maintenance of the natural equilibrium of our body is learnt by
understanding the principle of homeostasis.

Intended Learning Outcomes

On completion of this course the student will

1. acquiretheknowledgerelatedtothenormalfunctionofthehumanbody.
2. describe the pathophysiological basis of disordered functionsof the
human body.
3. acquire the necessary practical skills relevant to human
physiology at the preclinical level.
4. critically analyse the physiological concepts in health andtheir
derangements in disease.
Subject Area Teaching/Learning Method Semester
Biological measurements, Lectures – 6 hours Practical 1
Homeostasis classes – 2 hours
Introduction to statistics,
cell communication, Lectures – 4 hours 1
cellular transport Tutorials/ SGD – 2 hours
Body fluids dehydration Practical classes – 2 hours
Introduction to the Lectures – 8 hours 1
Autonomic Nervous Tutorials/ SGD – 2 hours
System, Excitable
tissues
Blood and Immunity Lectures – 13 hours 1
Tutorials/ SGD – 4 hours
Practical classes – 6 hours
Cardiovascular Physiology Lectures– 23 hours 1
Tutorials/ SGD – 8 hours
Practical classes – 6 hours
Respiratory Physiology Lectures– 18 hours 1
Tutorial/ SGD–6 hours
Practical classes – 4 hours
Gastrointestinal Physiology Lectures– 20 hours 2
Tutorial/ SGD–4 hours
Practical classes – 4 hours
Renal Physiology Lectures– 12 hours 2
Tutorial/ SGD–4 hours
Practical classes – 4 hours
Endocrine Physiology Lectures– 17 hours 2
Tutorial/ SGD–4 hours
Practical class – 2 hours
Reproductive Physiology Lectures– 15 hours 2
Tutorial/ SGD– 2hours
Practical classes – 3 hours
Neurophysiology Lectures– 48 hours 3
Tutorial/ SGD– 6hours
Practical classes – 12 hour
Miscellaneous Lectures – 6 hours 3
Assessments

Twocontinuous assessments willbeheld at theendofthe 1st and 2nd semesters.

At the end of the 3rd semester, the 2nd MBBS examination willbe held.

Continuous Assessment 1 (end of 1st semester)

Method of No of Questions Marks Allocated

Assessment to 2nd MBBS

BRQs + MRQs 05 + 15 3
SEQs 2 3
OSPE 10 2
Total 8

Continuous Assessment 2 (end of 2nd semester)

Method of No of questions Marks Allocated

Assessment to 2nd MBBS

BRQs + MRQs 05 + 15 5
SEQs 2 5
OSPE 10 2
Total 12

Supplementary Assessments

Continuous Assessment 1

Method of No of Questions Marks Allocated

Assessment to 2nd MBBS

SEQs 2 6
Viva voce 10 minutes 2
Total 8
 Continuous Assessment 2

Method of No of questions Marks allocated

Assessment to 2nd MBBS

SEQs 2 8
Viva voce 10 minutes 4
Total 12

2nd MBBS Examination

Total marks
Method of Marks
No of questions allocated to 2nd
Assessment allocated to
MBBS
2nd MBBS
BRQs 10
25
MRQs 40
SEQs 5 25
OSPE 25 20
Viva 10 minutes 10
voce
80
Continuous Assessment 20
Total 100

2nd MBBS Supplementary Examination

Total marks
Method of No of Marks allocated to
allocated to 2nd
Assessment questions 2nd MBBS
MBBS
BRQs 10
MRQs 40 30
SEQs 05 30
OSPE 25 30
Viva 10 minutes 10
voce
Total 100
Recommended textbooks:

 Ganong‟ s Review of Medical

Physiology, Barrett KE, Barman SM,
Boitano S,
Heddwen BL 24th edition 2012 or latestedition,
McGraw-Hill. New York.

 Textbook of Medical Physiology,

Hall JE,
Latest edition,
Elsevier Science Health science division. Philadelphia.

 Hutchinson‟ s Clinical Methods,

 Glynn M, Drake W (eds) Latest edition,
Saunders Ltd, Philadelphia.
THE PARA-CLINICAL SCIENCES
The Department of Para-clinical Sciences is one of the threedepartments of the
Faculty of Medicine. The students who successfully complete the Second
MBBS Examination will study the Para-clinical Sciences subjects from the 4th
to 7th semesters. The subjects of Microbiology and Parasitology are taught in
semesters 4 and 5, the subjects Pharmacology, Pathology, Public Health and
Family Medicine are taught from semesters 4 to 7 and Forensic Medicine from
Semesters 5 to 7. The department conducts two examinations, the Third
MBBS Part I and Third MBBS Part II Examinations at the end of semesters 5
and 7 respectively. Microbiology and Parasitology will be assessed at the Third
MBBS Part I Examination and the remaining subjects will be assessed at the
Third MBBS Part II Examination.

To pass any of the subjects, the student should score a minimum of 45% in the
theory component and obtain a minimum aggregate of 50% for the whole
subject. A candidate obtaining 70% or more in a subject inthe first attempt will
be awarded a distinction pass in that subject.

PARASITOLOGY

Duration of the course: 2 semesters

The Parasitology course primarily teaches about human parasites and the
diseases caused by them. The main objective of the course is to acquire basic
knowledge and skills to identify, diagnose, manage, prevent and control
parasitic diseases found mainly in Sri Lanka. During the course students will
learn about the parasites as disease causing agents, their prevalence and
geographical distribution, basic morphology, life cycle, modes of transmission,
vectors, pathology and clinical symptoms of the diseases, collection of
specimens and diagnosis of the parasitic diseases, basic management steps of
the patients, anti-parasitic drugs that can be used effectively in treatment,
prevention and control of the parasitic diseases. Further, students will learn
about arthropod vectors that are capable of transmitting parasitic diseases to
humans and parasitic zoonoses. In addition to the parasitic diseases, during the
course, students will learn particularly about venomous snakes in Sri Lanka,
their identification and management of snakebites.
Intended Learning Outcomes

On completion of this course the student will be able to,

1. (a) acquire knowledge and develop skills to diagnose and treat the
parasitic diseases commonly found in Sri Lanka

(b) educate the general public regarding the preventive measures of the
above diseases.

2. be aware of other medically important parasitic diseases in the world

and possibility of these immerging in Sri Lanka.

3. to have some understanding of the economic loss in a country

which could be brought about by widespread parasitic disease.

4. acquire knowledge about parasitic infections in an

immunocompromised patient.

5. acquire knowledge about medically important arthropods and their

control with special reference to disease in Sri Lanka caused or
transmitted by these arthropods.

6. (a) be skilled in identification of poisonous snakes found in Sri Lanka

and the clinical manifestations resulting from bites by them, and the
management of such patients.

(b) be able to recognize common non -poisonous snakes found in Sri

Lanka specially the ones which mimic the poisonous snakes.
The Academic Programme

Subject Area Teaching/Learning Semester

Method
Intestinal and Lectures – 20 hours 4
tissue nematodes Tutorials/ SGD – 3 hours
Practical classes – 9 hours
Intestinal Lectures – 5 hours Tutorials/ 4
protozoans SGD – 1 hour Practical
classes – 3 hours
Blood and tissue Lectures – 13 hours
protozoans Tutorials/ SGD – 4 hours 4&5
Practical classes – 6 hours
Cestodes and Lectures – 7 hours 5
Trematodes Tutorials/ SGD – 2 hours
Practical classes- 2 hours
Medically Lectures – 8 hours Tutorials 5
important – 1 hour Practical classes –
arthropod 3 hours
vectors/
Entomology

Parasitic Lectures – 2 hours 5

Zoonoses Tutorials – 1 hour
Medically Lectures – 3 hours Tutorials 5
important Snakes – 1 hour Practical classes –
of Sri Lanka 2 hours

Assessments
One continuous assessment and the 3rd MBBS Part I examination will be
conducted. Three components of the continuous assessment will be held at
the end of the 4th and middle of the 5th semesters. 3rd MBBS Part 1
examination will be conducted at the end of 5th semester.
Continuous Assessment 1

Method of Marks allocated

Number of
assessment to 3rd MBBS
questions
15 MCQs (True /False 20 10
type) + 05 BRQs Best
Response type)*
Practical 1* – 01 05
examination of faeces
Practical 2** – Blood 02 05
smear examination for
malaria parasites
Total 20

* Components will be held at the end of the 4th semester

** Components will be held at the middle of the 5th semester

Third MBBS part 1 Examination

Method of Number of Marks allocated
assessment questions to 3rd MBBS
Part 1
MCQs 24 + BRQs 06 30 25
SEQs (Short Essay 04 30
Questions)
OSPE (02 min each) 20 20
Viva (8 min) 05
80
Total

Contribution form continuous assessment 20

Total 100
 Supplementary Examination for Continuous Assessment

Method of assessment Number Marks

of allocated to 3rd
questions MBBS Part 1
15 MCQs (True /False Type) + 20 10
05 BRQs (Best Response Type)
Practical 1 – examination of 01 05
faeces
Practical 2 – Blood smear 02 05
examination for malaria
parasites
Total 20

Supplementary Examination for 3rd MBBS Part 1 Exam

Method of assessment Number of Marks
questions allocated
MCQs 24 + BRQs 06 30 35
SEQs (Short Essay Questions) 04 40
OSPE (02 min each) 20 20
Viva (8 min) 05
Total 100
 Recommended textbooks:

 Manson's Tropical
Diseases Cook GC,
Alimuddin IZ
23rd edition, 2015
Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia.

 Medical
Parasitology 4th
Edition
DR Arora, BrijBala Arora
CBS Publishers & Distributors

 Website of the Centre for Disease Control and

Prevention www.cdc.gov

Supplementary Reading

 WHO publications: Technical Report Series

o Lymphatic Filariasis
o Parasitic Zoonoses
o Intestinal Protozoans & Helminthic infections
o Management of Acute Malaria
o Control of Lymphatic Filariasis
o Hookworm Infection and Anaemia
o Drugs used in Parasitic Diseases

Publications and technical reports by the Anti Malaria Campaign, Anti FilariasisCampaign
Dengue Control Unit and Epidemiology Unit of the Ministry of health. Sri Lanka.

Entomology for Students of Medicine

RM Gordon and MMJ Lavoipierre

Atlas of Medical Helminthology & Protozoology

HC Jeffrey and H Crozier

Worms and Human DiseaseR

Muller
 MICROBIOLOGY
Duration of Course: 2 semesters

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and viruses) and

the infectious diseases caused by them. During this course, the students will
learn about infectious diseases including organisms, transmission of infection,
diagnosis, antimicrobial treatment and prevention. The learning of
Microbiology should go hand in hand with clinical work in the hospital wards.
The students should be able to relate the knowledge learnt in the classroom to
cases of infectiousdiseases that are seen and discussed in the wards.

Students will have a total of 2 - 3 hours of contact time per week with the
staff. These are distributed among the various teaching learning activities such
as lectures, tutorials, and laboratory practical training anddemonstrations.

In the 4th semester, the students will learn in general microbiology the structure
and function of bacteria, virulence factors and host parasite relationship in
health and disease; in immunology, the immunity to infections and abnormal
immune responses. In bacteriology, students will learn the common bacteria
that cause infections, how they are transmitted, clinical manifestations, how
they are diagnosed and treated.

In the 5th semester, students will learn viral and fungal infections, infections of
systems (e.g. respiratory, urinary tract infections etc.) and how they are
diagnosed and treated.

Intended Learning Outcomes

On completion of this course the student will be able to

1. describe the pathogenic microorganisms that are commonly

encountered (bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their habitats, routes of
transmission, pathogenesis of infections and clinical signs and
symptoms of the infections.
2. select appropriate antimicrobial agents that can be used in treatment
and in prophylaxis of infectious diseases.
3. describe briefly the microbiological diagnosis of infectiousdiseases
including appropriate laboratory tests.
4. advise on collection and transport of specimens for
microbiological investigations.
 5. explain measures that can be taken for the prevention andcontrol
of infectious diseases including immunization.
6. select the antiseptics, disinfectants and sterilizing agents
appropriate for use in patient care and in the laboratory.
7. explain the basic principles of infection prevention and controlin
the hospital and hospital acquired infections.
The Academic Programme

Subject Area Teaching/Learning Method Semester

Lectures – 3 hours Tutorials
General – 1 hour Practical classes – 4
Microbiology 2 hours
Lectures – 45 Minutes
Disinfection and
Tutorial/ Practical Classes – 45 Minutes 4
Sterilization

Lectures – 6 hours
Immunology 4
Tutorials – 1 hour
Lectures – 17 hours Tutorials
Bacteriology – 3 hours Practical Classes – 4
5hours
Lectures – 2 hours
Antibiotics 4
Tutorials – 1 hours
Lectures – 14 hours
Virology Tutorials – 3 hours 5
Practical Classes – 2 hours
Lectures – 2 hours
Mycology Tutorials – 1 hour 5
Practical Classes – 2 hours
Lectures – 14 hours Tutorials
Systemic – 4 hours Practical Classes –
5
Infections 8hours
Basic Principles on
Lectures/ Workshops - 2.5 hours
Hospital Infection 4
Control
Assessments

Assessments will constitute of 01 continuous assessment at the end of 4th

semester which will carry a total of 20% marks to the 3rd MBBS Part I
Examination which will be conducted at the end of the 5th semester.

Continuous Assessment 1
Method of Assessment Number of Marks Total
Questions Allocated
MCQ 15 + BRQ 5 20 10
OSPE 10 10
Total 20

3rd MBBS Part I Examination

Method of Number of Marks Total

Assessment Questions Allocated
SEQ 04 30
MCQ 24 + BRQ 6 30 25
OSPE (3min each) 20 20
Viva (8min) 05
80
CAT 1 20
Total 100

3rd MBBS Part I Supplementary Examination

Method of Number of Marks Total

Assessment Questions Allocated
MCQ 24 + BRQ 6 30 35
SEQ 04 40
OSPE (3min each) 20 20
Viva (8min) 05
Total 100
Recommended text books

2. Medical Microbiology by David Greenwood, Richard C.B.Slack & John

F. Peutherer. 19th Edition. Churchill Livingstone

3. Mim‟ s Medical Microbiology by Richard Goering, Hazel Dockrell,

Mark Zuckerman, Derek Wakelin, Ivan Roitt, Cedreic Mims. 5th
Edition, Mosby Elsevier

4. Basic Immunology, Functions and Disorders of the Immune

System, Abul Abbas Andrew Lichtman Shiv Pillai, 6th Edition.

5. Cellular and Molecular Immunology by Abbas AK, Lichtman AH. 8th

Edition, Saunders Publishing
PATHOLOGY

Duration of the course: 4 semesters

Pathology is the scientific study of disease. It is a field that bridges clinical

practice with the basic sciences. Pathology encompasses a widesubject area and
is therefore sub categorized into the disciplines of histopathology, hematology
and chemical pathology.

Histopathology is the study of the macroscopic and microscopic changes in

diseased tissue. Hematology deals with the study of the components of blood,
their functions and related disorders. Chemical pathology deals with
biochemical changes in blood and body fluids (electrolytes, enzymes and
proteins etc.) and its association.

During the 4th semester, students will start histopathology with general and
tumour pathology. General pathology is concerned with the basic reactions of
cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli that underlie all diseases. Tumour
pathology will introduce the student to the study of tumour characteristics, its
clinical manifestations and investigations. They will also get a brief overview
of carcinogenesis.

During the 5th semester students will start and complete chemical pathology
and start systemic pathology with the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

The 6th semester will comprise all the lectures scheduled for hematology and a
continuation of the lectures on systemic pathology.

During the 7th semester students will complete their lectures on the remaining
organ systems.
The Academic Programme

Subject Area Teaching/Learning Method Semester

General Pathology Lectures – 20 hours 4
Tutorials/ SGD – 4 hours
Practicals – 5 hours
Tumour Pathology Lectures – 10 hours 4
Tutorials/ SGD – 2 hours
Practicals – 2 hours
Chemical Pathology Lectures – 10 hours 5
Tutorials/ SGD – 1 hour
Practicals- 5 hours
Respiratory Lectures – 8 hours 5
Pathology Tutorials – 1 hour
Practicals – 2 hours
Cardiovascular Lectures – 8 hours 5
Pathology Tutorials – 1 hour
Practicals – 2 hours
Hematology Lectures – 15 hours 6
Tutorials – 4 hours
Practicals –2 hours
Gastrointestinal Lectures – 8 hours 6
Pathology Tutorials – 1 hour
Practicals – 2 hours
Hepatobiliary Lectures –6 hours 6
Pathology Tutorials –1 hour
Practicals –1 hour
Pathology of the Lectures – 2 hours 6
Reticulo- endothelial
System
Bone Pathology Lectures – 2 hours 7

Breast Pathology Lectures – 2 hours 7

Tutorials – 1 hour
Practicals – 1 hour
Thyroid Pathology Lectures – 2 hoursTutorials 7
– 1 hour Practicals – 1 hour

Pathology of the Lectures – 4 hoursTutorials 7

Female Genital Tract – 1 hour Practicals – 1 hour
 Subject Area Teaching/Learning Method Semester
Pathology of Lectures – 1 hour 7
the Male Genital Practicals – 1 hour
Tract
Renal Pathology Lectures – 6 hours 7
Tutorials – 1 hour
Practicals – 1 hour
Pathology of the Lectures – 4 hours 7
Central Tutorials – 1 hour
Nervous Practicals – 1 hour
System
Clinical Pathology Histopathology - 1 week Chemical Appointments will be
Pathology – 1 weekHaematology – scheduled
1 week within the 6th and 7th
Blood Bank – 1 week semester.

Intended Learning Outcomes

Histopathology

On completion of this course the student will be able to

1) demonstrate a disease related vocabulary.
2) describe the different cellular responses to injury and stress.
3) describe the morphological changes in tissues associated with
disease processes.
4) explain the relationship between altered morphology and
abnormal function.
5) describe the characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms.
6) explain the basic steps in carcinogenesis.
7) list the types of specimen sent to the histopathology
laboratory.
8) describe the procedure involved in sending different
specimens to the histopathology laboratory.
9) explain the clinical significance of cytopathology and
histopathology tests used in the diagnosis and managementof
systemic disorders.
 Chemical Pathology
On completion of this course the student will be able to
1) Explain the pathological basis of biochemical alterations
observed in plasma and body fluids in common systemic
disorders.
2) Select appropriate biochemical investigations to confirm the diagnosis of
diseases and monitor management where applicable.
3) Describe the principles of test requisition, patient preparation, sample
collection and transport requirements related to common general and
specialized biochemical investigations
4) Interpret the results of biochemical tests, in the context of the overall
clinical picture of the patient.

Haematology
On completion of this course the student will be able to

1) explain basics of haemopiesis and function of mean blood celltypes.

2) describe the normal process of haemostaurs.
3) describe the inherited and acquired mechanisms of disease
processes involving the cellular components (red cells, whitecells,
platelets) and plasma components of blood.
4) describe inherited and acquired mechanisms of diseases related to the
coagulation system.
5) describe the principles of test requisition, patient preparation, sample
collection and transport requirements for haematologicalandblood
bank investigations.
6) describe the common diagnostic tests done in the haematology and bloodbank
laboratories.
7) interpret the results of haematological and blood bank tests, in the
context of theoverall clinical picture of the patient.
8) outline management if common haematological disorders pertaining to redcells,
white cells, platelets, coagulation and transfusion.
9) briefly discuss about blood products and its therapeutic applications andblood
donation.
10) describe stem cell and organ transplantation and relevance of Human
Histocompatibility Antigen system.
Assessments

Three continuous assessments will be held at the end of semester 4,5 and 6.
At the end of the 7th semester the 3rd MBBS part 2 Examinationwill be held.

Continuous Assessments 1, 2 and 3

Method of No. of Marks allocated Total marks

assessment questions to 3rd MBBS allocated to
3rd MBBS
MCQ + BRQ (15+5) 20 5
Total (3X5) 15

3rd MBBS Part 2 Examination

Total marks
Method of Marks
No. of questions allocated to
assessment allocated to
3rd MBBS 3rd MBBS
MCQ & (32+8) 40 20
BRQ
SEQs 4 40

3rd MBBS Part 2 Supplementary Examination

Method of No. of Marks allocated Total marks

Assessment questions to 3rd MBBS allocated to 3rd
MBBS
MCQ & (32+8) 40 30
SBR
SEQ 4 40
OSPE 15 20
Viva 10
Total marks 100
Recommended textbooks:

 Robbins Basic Pathology

Editors - Kumar V, Abbas A, Aster J,
Robbins SL 10th edition, 2017

 Essential Hematology
Hoffbrand AV, Pettit JE & Moss A
Victor Hoffbrand, David P Steensma
PAH 8th edition, 2019
Blackwell Publishing, Oxford
Wiley - Blackwell

 Clinical Chemistry
9th edition 2020 Marshall WJ,
Lapsley M, Day A, Shipman K Elsevier
 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS

Duration of course: 4 semesters

Pharmacology comes from the Greek word pharmacon (drug) and logia
(study) and provides the scientific basis of drug action at the cellular,
biochemical and molecular level. Therapeutics links the combined
knowledge of disease and how medicines (drugs) affect it. Doctors of all
specialties prescribe medicines on a daily basis and this could be one ofthe
most important but also one of the most dangerous activities of a doctor.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics is an important part of the

MBBS curriculum because understanding the principles of
clinical pharmacology and therapeutics is important for safe,
effective and rational prescribing.

The aim of the discipline of clinical pharmacology and

therapeutics is to provide the core knowledge to link the
interaction of medicines at the cellular, biochemical and
physiological level to a range of beneficial and adverse effects
seen in therapeutic use and to the skills to be fulfilled in the
prescribing process.

Intended Learning Outcomes

On completion of this course the student will be able to

1. have a sound understanding of the basic principles of
clinical pharmacology.

2. link their knowledge of pharmacokinetics and

pharmacodynamicsto safe and effective prescribing both in
the normal and special situations.

3. have the knowledge to understand Essential therapeutic

problems in the context of Sri Lanka and 21st century
clinical practice.

4. have the basic knowledge to recognize and explain adverse

drug reactions, drug – drug, and food - drug interactions.

5. understand the importance of the essential medicines list

(EML), its specific uses and have the skill to select
medicines for the EML.
6. with regards to pharmacological research
a) be aware of the processes and ethical issues
involved inpharmaceutical research.
b) plan a clinical research based on the PICO
model/consortguidelines.
c) critically appraise clinical trial/meta
analysis data toextrapolate therapy to
correct populations.
7. describe and explain the chemistry, pharmacokinetics,
pharmacodynamics, clinical uses, side effects, cautions
and contraindications of commonly used medicines in the
EML.

8. have the knowledge and skills in:

a) defining patient's problems (diagnosis);
b) defining effective and safe treatments (drug and non-
drug treatments);
c) selecting the right medicine, at the right dose, by the
right route, at the right time, for the right duration for
the right person at the lowest cost to the person and
the community with the best available evidence
d) writing a clear prescription;
e) giving patients adequate information and counseling;
f) planning and evaluating treatment responses.

9. understand the concept of pharmacoeconomics

10. possess a sound knowledge of all emergency medicines

used inpaediatric and adult clinical practice

11. have a basic knowledge on emerging new therapies

a) Cancer chemotherapy
b) Biological therapies
c) Regenerative therapies
The Academic Programme
Subject Area Teaching/Learning Method Sem
ester
General pharmacology Lectures – 31 hours 4
Tutorials – 12 hours
Fixed Learning Module – 4 hours
Drugs affecting the Lectures – 4 hours 4
autonomic Tutorials/ SGD – 2 hours
nervous system
Drugs affecting the Lectures – 12 hours 5
cardiovascular system Tutorials/ SGD – 3 hours
Drugs used in Lectures – 3 hours 5
treatment of Tutorials/ SGD – 2 hours
respiratory disorders Skills sessions – 2 hours
Antimicrobial agents Lectures – 17 hours 5
Tutorials/ SGD – 4 hours
Drugs affecting Lectures – 5 hours 5
gastrointestinal function
Drugs affecting Lectures – 3 hours 5
hematopoiesis
Drugs affecting the Lectures – 18 hours 6
endocrine system Tutorials – 6 hours
Drugs affecting the Lectures – 16 hours 6
central nervous Tutorials – 5 hours
system
Drugs used in Lectures – 2 hours 6
dermatology, disorders
of the ear, nose and
throat
Newer therapies Lectures – 2 hours 7

Pharmacoeconomics Lectures – 2 hours 7

Therapeutics and Lectures – 45 hours 7

toxicology Presentation – 2 hours
 Assessments
Three continuous assessments will be held at the end of
semesters 4,5and 6. At the end of the 7th semester, the 3rd MBBS
part 2 Examination will be held.

Continuous Assessment 1

Total marks
Method of Marks allocated
No of allocated to
Assessment to 3rd MBBS
questions 3rd
MBBS
MCQ & SBR (15 +5) 20 5
SEQs 2 5
Total 10

Continuous Assessment 2 & 3

Total marks
Method of Marks allocated
No of allocated to
Assessment to 3rd MBBS
questions 3rd
MBBS
MCQ & SBR (15 +5) 20 5
Total (5x2) 10

3rd MBBS Part 2 Examination

Total marks
Method of Marks allocated
No. of allocated to
assessment to 3rd MBBS
questions 3rd
MBBS
MCQ & SBR (20+20) 40 30
SEQs 4 30
OSPE 10 15
Viva 5

Contribution to 3rd MBBS 80

Continuous Assessment contribution 20
Total 100
3rd MBBS Part 2 Supplementary Examination

Method of No. of Marks allocated Total marks

assessment questions to 3rd MBBS allocated to 3rd
MBBS
MCQ & SBR (20+20) 40 40
SEQs 4 40
OSPE 10 15
Viva 5
Total marks 100

Recommended textbooks:

 Rang and Dale‟ sPharmacology

Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Flower
RJ &Henderson G 7th edition, 2012
Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, London.

 Clinical
Pharmacology
Bennett PN, Brown
MJ, Sharma P 11th
edition, 2012
Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, London.

Recommended reading for clinical attachments

 British National Formulary. BMJ group and

pharmaceuticalPress. Latest ed.

 Australian Prescriber
 Supplementary reading

 Goodman and Gilman‟ s the Pharmacological basis of

Therapeutics Katzung BG,
Trevor J 12th
Edition, 2011
McGraw Hill,
New York

 Sri Lankan Prescriber

 FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY

Duration of Course: 3 Semesters

Forensic Medicine is one of the oldest and independent streams of medical

practice. The terms Forensic Medicine, Legal Medicine, Medical
Jurisprudence, are of almost similar meaning, and interchangeably used to
introduce different angles of the discipline. The main function of Forensic
Medicine is to fulfill medical needs of the legalsystem in the country by filling
the gap between medicine and the law. However, one should understand that
Forensic Medicine is based on research and scientific advancements whereas,
law is a social art whichreflects and controls accepted norms of the social order
specific to particular socio-political system at a given time. The subject areas of
Forensic Medicine consist of clinical forensic medicine, forensic pathology,
forensic science, forensic anthropology, law and ethics etc.

This course aims at providing students with the knowledge to undertake

medico-legal responsibilities in the practice of medicine and also includes
criminology and its related medico-legal problems. The knowledge of the law
in relation to medical practice, medical negligence and a course on medical
ethics are also included.

Intended Learning Outcomes

On completion of this course the student will be able to

1. identify the basic concepts of medico-legal practice pertaining to health

and defense services of the Sri Lanka.
2. make observations and interpret findings at post mortemexaminations
and clinical forensic investigations covering vast spectrum of cases of
medico-legal interest including mechanical trauma, intoxications,
occupational hazards, sexual crimes and natural diseases.
3. complete relevant medico-legal reports including post mortem report,
medico legal examination form, medico-legal report etc. and submit
them to law enforcement authorities.
4. observe and practice the principles of medical ethics in the practice of
the medical profession.
5. display the personal attributes of compassion, honesty, and integrity in
relationships with patients-victims, police, judiciary, colleagues,
families, communities and the medical profession.
 6. exhibit a capacity for self-evaluation, moral reflection and ethical
reasoning to form the basis for a self-directed, lifelong engagement in
the profession.

The Academic Programme

Subject Area Teaching/Learning Semester

Method
Legal and ethical Lectures – 12 hours 5
aspects of medical Tutorials – 2 hours
practice
Introduction to forensic Lectures – 14 hours 5
medicine and Tutorials – 2 hours
mechanical injuries / Demonstrations – 3 hours
injury patterns
Toxicology Lectures – 14 hours 5/6
[agrochemicals, plant Tutorials – 1 hour
poisons, heavy metals, Demonstrations – 1 hour
snake bites, narcotics]
Deaths due to Lectures – 20 hours 6
asphyxia, Tutorials – 2 hours
mechanical trauma Demonstrations – 2 hours
and natural causes,
and its
medico-legal
importance
Sexual offences, child Lectures – 18 hours 7
abuse, RTA, maternal Tutorials – 2 hour
deaths and infanticide Demonstrations– 4 hours
Clinical training 2 weeks 6/7
Assessments

Continuous Assessments 1 & 2 (Semesters 5 and 6), Clinical Forensic

Medicine Evaluation (Semester 7)

Method of Marks allocated to 3rd

No of questions
assessment MBBS
MCQ & BRQ (16 : 4) 20 (5 x 2) 10
Completion of medico-legal 10
reports of clinical cases [MLEF
and MLR]

3rd MBBS Part 2 Examination

Total marks
Method of Marks allocated
No. of allocated to
assessment to 3rd MBBS
questions 3rd MBBS
MCQ & (32+8) 40 30
BRQ
SEQs 4 30
OSPE 10
Viva 10
Contribution to 3rd MBBS 80
Continuous assessment and medico-legal 20
report/ clinical contribution
Total marks 100

3rd MBBS Part 2 Supplementary Examination

Total marks
Method of Marks allocated
No. of allocated to 3rd
assessment to 3rd MBBS
questions MBBS
MCQ & (32+8) 40 30
SBR
SEQs 4 40
OSPE 10 20
Viva 10
Total 100
  Simpson‟ s Forensic Medicine
Payne- James J, Jones R, Karch
S,Manlove J 13th edition, 2011
Hodder Arnold Publishers, London.

 Essentials of Forensic Medicine and

Toxicology Reddy KS Narayan 2015,
Sugunadevi Publishers, India

 Clinical Forensic Medicine MacLay WD (ed)

2nd edition, 1996,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Supplementary Reading

 Knights Forensic Pathology Pekka S,

Knight B 3rd Edition,
2013 Arnold, London

 Lecture Notes in Forensic Medicine (Volume I - iv)De

Alwis LBL

 Management of
Poisoning, Fernando R.
1998
National Poisons Information Centre, Colombo.

 Revision Guide in Forensic

Medicine, PR Ruwanpura
2015, KDU
PUBLIC HEALTH & FAMILY MEDICINE
Duration of the course: 4 semesters

The subjects of Public Health and Family Medicine are taught to the students
in their third and fourth years. Public Health teaches the student the science
and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the
organized efforts and informed choices of individuals, communities, society
and public and private organizations. Family Medicine teaches students how to
apply the concepts and principles of Family Medicine in the management of
patients at the levelof primary care.

The subject of Public Health, also known as community medicine consists of

epidemiology, biostatistics, primary health care, health education and behavior
change communication, research methodology, healthcare delivery systems,
demography, communicable and non- communicable disease epidemiology,
maternal and child health, environmental and occupational health and
sanitation, food hygiene, health promotion, behavioural sciences, medical
sociology, medical anthropology, healthcare management, human nutrition,
disaster management and health economics. The students do a clinical
appointment or clerkship, a community attachment, a family attachment and a
research project.

The emphasis on the community attachment is health promotion, community

diagnosis and community mobilization. The emphasis on thefamily attachment
is behaviour change initiatives mainly with regard to currently prevalent non-
communicable diseases. The students are attached to the Medical Officer of
Health (MOH) areas of Dehiwala – Mount Lavinia and Ratmalana for the
community attachment and the family attachment. The MOH areas are
considered as the field training areas of the KDU.

The student research project enables the students to engage in systematic and
ethical research under the guidance of the academic staff members of the
Faculty. Students conduct their research in the field training area, in hospitals,
at the KDU and at any other settings. During the „clinical‟ attachment or the
clerkship, the student learns about the health system and the supportive sectors,
structures and services inSri Lanka by visiting these places.

Family Medicine or primary care medicine is the discipline that integrates

biomedical, behavioural and social sciences to provide curative and preventive
care while addressing physical, psychological and social problems irrespective
of age, sex or type of illness. Family
 Medicine also includes coordination of care and continuity of care.
These principles of family medicine/ primary care medicine that
distinguishes it from other medical specialties are known to result
in improved health outcomes. Classroom teaching as well as visits
toprivate family practices in the community (Family Practice/ GP
attachment) and other primary care settings in the state sector, will
enable students to learn the organization of primary medical care
services to the community and on how to deliver compassionate,
person centred and family oriented care to individuals and families.

Intended learning Outcomes of the Public Health Programme

At the end of the course the student should be able to

1. acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes to assess health status of

communities and families and plan and implement appropriate promotive,
preventive, curative, and rehabilitative measures within the social, religious,
cultural and economic milieu in the community.
2. communicate effectively with the community and health care team for
health promotion and disease prevention in order to improve health and
preventdisease.
3. acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes to provide promotive, preventive,
curative and rehabilitative care to fulfill the health needs of the individual,
familyand community with responsibility.
4. apply the principles and concepts of epidemiology and statistics and carry
out research, describe health issues, assess health status of the community
and determine the effects of health interventions in the community.
5. plan, conduct and report research using a scientific and systematic approach
to develop skills of critical thinking, logical reasoning and appraisal of
medical evidence.
6. demonstrate qualities of a healthcare professional who applies ethical
principles in public health practice, in conducting research and in one‟ s
personal life.
7. develop commitment to teach health professionals, educate the family and
community to promote health and prevent disease.
8. acquire knowledge of the health care delivery system in Sri Lanka, public
health control programmes and the relevant legal framework.
9. develop appropriate attitudes towards personal and professional
development through reflective practice and life-long learning.

Intended Learning Outcomes of the Family Medicine Programme

At the end of the programme of study, the student should be able to

1. describe the doctor-patient relationship and acquire communication skills to

elicit biomedical and psychosocial issues to understand the patient‟ s illness
experience.
 2. use the patient-centred clinical method to take a focused history, carry out
a relevant clinical examination, use selective investigations and institute a
cost effective management plan after negotiating with the patient to ensure
compliance.
3. acquire problem solving skills to sort out minor self-limiting illnesses
from potentially serious diseases.
4. understand the psychological, social, behavioural and cultural factors
that
influence a patient‟ s illness behavior and presentation for care.
5. have knowledge and understanding of family dynamics, the individual
andfamily life cycle and factors that have an impact on the family in health
and disease.
6. provide comprehensive curative and preventive care for common
illnesses, non- communicable diseases, psychosocial problems and
emergencies in the office, home or hospital.
7. coordinate a patient‟ s health care through appropriate referral to specialists
and
other health resources in the community.
8. maintain medical records and provide continuity of care.
9. have knowledge and skills to care for the elderly and to provide end of
life careand bereavement care.
10. have knowledge of ethical and legal issues in family practice.

The Academic Programme

Subject area Teaching learning method Semester

Epidemiology Lectures – 19 hours 4,5

Tutorial SGD 8 hours
Biostatistics Lectures – 14 hours 4,5
Tutorials/ SGD – 3 hours
Health care delivery system Lectures – 8 hours Tutorials/ 4,5
SGD – 2 hours

Demography Lectures – 6 hours 5

Tutorials/ SGD – 2 hours
Communicable and non- Lectures – 40 hours 5
communicable disease Tutorials/ SGD – 6 hours
epidemiology, Public Health
Control Programmes of the
Ministry of Health
Maternal and child health Lectures – 12 hours 6
Tutorials – 4 hours
 Environmental and occupational Lectures – 12 hours 6
health, sanitation Tutorials – 3 hours
Public health nutrition Lectures – 8 hours 7
Tutorials/ SGD – 2 hours
Clinical appointment 80 hours (4 weeks) 6

Family attachment 45 hours 6,7

Community attachment 45 hours 6,7

Research project 45 hours 6,7

Family medicine Lectures– 15 hours 6,7

SGD – 10 hours
Clinical appointment: Family 40 hours (2 weeks) 6,7
Practice/ GP attachment

Assessments

Three continuous assessments will be held at the end of semesters 4, 5 and 6. At theend
of the 7th semester, the 3rd MBBS Part II examination will be held.

Continuous Assessments 1, 2 and 3

Method of assessment No. of Marks allocated Total marks

questions to 3rd MBBS allocated to
3rd MBBS
MCQ and SBR (32+8) 40 15
SEQ 5 25
Main viva 10
Research project
Report 3
Viva 7 10
OSCE/OSPE
Public Health 7
Family Medicine 3 10
Community attachment
Report 2.5
Viva 5 7.5
Family attachment
Report 2.5
Viva 5 7.5
rd
Contribution to 3 MBBS 85
Continuous assessment contribution 15
Total marks 100
3rd MBBS Part 2 Supplementary Examination

Method of No. of Marks allocated Total marks

assessment questions to 3rd MBBS allocated to 3rd
MBBS
MCQ & SBR (32+8) 40 30
SEQ 5 40
OSPE/OSCE 20
Main Viva 10
Total marks 100

Recommended textbooks:

Public Health

 Basic Epidemiology. Beaglehole R, Bonita R. & Kjellstro¨m T 2nd edition, 2006,

World Health Organization.
 Park‟ s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine. Park K 21st edition,
2011, Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers, Jabalpu
 An Introduction to Medical Statistics. Bland M 3rd edition, 2000, OxfordUniversity
Press, Oxford
 Ageing population in Sri Lanka: Issues and future prospects. Siddhisena KAP.
UNFPA and Population Association of Sri Lanka.
 Annual Health Bulletins, Ministry of Health, Colombo.
 Weekly Epidemiological Reports and Quarterly Epidemiological Bulletins,
Epidemiology Unit, Colombo.
 Other booklets, circulars, leaflets etc of the units of Ministries of Health, Social
Services, Environment, Labour etc, World Health Organization, Sri Lanka Medical
Association, UNFPA, UNICEF etc and their websites

Family Medicine

 General Practice. Murtagh J, Third Edition, 2003, McGraw Hill Companies,

Australia
 Lecture Notes in Family Medicine. Nandani de Silva, 2nd Edition, 2006,Sarvodaya
Vishwa Lekha, Sri Lanka. Reprinted 2012.
 Essentials of Family Practice. Antoinette Perera, John Murtagh, 2007,
Sarvodaya Vishwa Lekha.
 A textbook of Family Medicine. McWhinney IR. 1989, Oxford University Press.
 Essentials of Family Medicine. Sloane PD, Slatt LM, Ebell MH, Jacques LB.4th
Edition, 2002, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA.
THE CLINICAL SCIENCES
The student will study the clinical science subjects from 6th to 10th
semesters. Clinical sciences include five main subjects including Clinical
Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics, Psychiatry and Surgery.
These subjects are the cornerstones of medicine for a practicing physician. The
teaching-learning activities of these subjects include lectures, tutorials and
clinical training.

The main assessment in the clinical sciences programme is the final MBBS
examination, held at the end of the 10th semester assessing all 5 subjects.
Meanwhile, end professorial assessments, mock exams, tutorials will be
conducted at the end of each topic. To pass the Final MBBS examination, in
each of the subjects, the student should score a minimum of 45% in theory
papers and 50% in clinicals. A candidate obtaining 70% or more in a subject in
the first attempt will be awarded a distinction pass in that subject.

MEDICINE
Duration of Course: 7 Semesters
The subject of clinical medicine aims to impart knowledge on recognition of
diseases and disorders of internal medicine. The student will be taught the
subject and skills required in the identification of physical signs and
symptoms, the indications for basic and specific investigations in order to
formulate a differential diagnosis and the ability to make a general and
pharmacological management plan for treatment. The student will also develop
the ability to explain medical conditions, their treatment and prognosis as well
as the skills in establishing a good rapport with patients, their relatives and other
medical colleagues.
Intended learning Outcomes

On completion of the series of lectures, tutorials, question basedlearning and

clinical training the student will be able to

1. recognize diseases/ disorders of internal medicine.

2. identify physical signs and symptoms of the conditions.
3. apply knowledge to explain the underlying conditions.
4. determine indications for basic and relevant specific investigations.
5. interpret basic and specific investigation results relevant to
different diseases/conditions.
6. outline non pharmacological and pharmacological managementplans
for the condition.
7. explain the outcome and prognosis of the condition.
8. develop good rapport, trust and ethical relationships with patientsand
families.
9. communicate relevant information and explanations effectively withthe
patients, families, colleagues and other professionals.
10. adopt the medical ethics applied to professional practice in all areasof
internal medicine.
The Academic Programme

Subject Area Teaching/Learning Semester

Method

Cardiovascular Lectures – 15 hours

6,7
System Tutorials/ SGD/ PBL – 4 hours

Respiratory System Lectures – 10 hours

6,7
Tutorials/ SGD/ PBL – 3
hours
Central Nervous Lectures – 11 hours
System Tutorials/ SGD – 3 hours 7,8

Nephrology Lectures – 8 hours

Tutorials/ SGD/ PBL – 2 hours 8

Gastroenterology/ Lectures – 10 hours

8
Liver Pancreas Tutorials/ SGD/ PBL – 3 hours

Endocrine and Lectures – 14 hours

Metabolic 8
Tutorials/ SGD/ PBL – 4 hours
Disorders

Haematology Lectures – 10 hours

8
Tutorials/ SGD/ PBL – 2 hours

Infections Lectures – 9 hours

9
Tutorials/ SGD/ PBL – 2 hours

Rheumatology Lectures – 5 hours

9
Tutorials/ SGD/ PBL – 2 hours

Dermatology Lectures – 6 hours 9

Geriatrics Lectures – 6 hours 9

Medical Ethics Lectures – 4 hours 9

Special Topics Lectures – 5 hours 9
 Nuclear Medicine Lectures – 3 hours 9

Naval Medicine Lectures – 3 hours 9

Aviation Medicine Lectures – 3 hours 9

N.B. 4 tutorials will be held on the final 6 topics.

There will be 10 tutorials and 30 PBLs on various topics in the 10th Semester.
Clinical appointments

Specialty Duration
General Medicine (1st) 8 weeks
General Medicine (2nd) 8 weeks
Cardiology 2 weeks
Rheumatology 2 weeks
Neurology 2 weeks
Nephrology 2 weeks

Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2 weeks

Dermatology 2 weeks

Pulmonology 2 weeks
Blood Bank 2 weeks
Oncology 2 weeks

Radiology 2 weeks
Professorial Appointment 8 weeks

During the clinical appointments in semesters 9 and 10, 15 ward classeswill be

held per semester.

Assessments
One continuous assessment will be held at the end of the professorial
appointment. At the end of the 10th semester the final MBBS examination will be
held.

Continuous Assessment

Marks Total marks

Method of
allocated to allocated
assessment
Final MBBS to Final MBBS
OSCE 10

Viva 10

Total 20
 Final MBBS Examination
Method of Assessment Marks allocated Total marks
No. of questions to allocated
Final MBBS to Final
MBBS
Paper 1 – MCQs 20

Paper 2 – SEQs 20

Long case – 1 case 20

Short cases – 4 cases 20

Contribution to Final MBBS examination 80

Continuous Assessment contribution 20

Total 100
Final MBBS Supplementary Examination

Method of Marks allocated Total marks

Assessment to Final MBBS allocated to Final
No. of questions MBBS
Paper 1 – MCQs 20

Paper 2 – SEQs 30

Long case 25

Short Case – 4 cases 25

Total 100

Recommended Textbooks:

 Kumar and Clark‟ s Clinical

Medicine, Kumar P, Clark M
Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia.

 Davidson‟ s Principles and Practice of

Medicine, Colledge NR, Walker BR,
Ralston SH (eds)
Churchill Livingstone, London.

 Oxford Hand Book of Clinical Medicine

Longmore M, Wilkinson I (eds)
Oxford University Press, Oxford.

 Hutchinson‟ s Clinical
Methods, Glynn M, Drake W
(eds) Saunders Ltd,
Philadelphia.

 Macleod‟ s Clinical
Examination Douglas G, Nicol F,
Robertson C Churchill
Livingstone, London.
SURGERY

Duration of Course: 7 Semesters

During this course, the student will impart the necessary knowledge andskills
to evaluate simple surgical problems and manage them. In orderto do so, the
student is taught history taking in an orderly manner, eliciting the physical
signs and interpreting them. Further knowledge will develop the ability to
formulate a differential diagnosis and outline a simple management plan. The
students will also be taught the methodof identifying major surgical problems;
critical illnesses and emergencies in the field of surgery that require senior
review and intervention. During the clinical appointments, the student is
expected to acquire knowledge, perform pre-operative preparation and to
manage the post-operative period of a variety of surgical problems. Students
are expected to learn the common procedures performed in a surgical ward and
be able to perform them during their internship and thereafter. In addition, they
are expected to acquire experience in the doctor- patient relationship, dealing
with relatives of patients, working with other categories of staff in the hospital
environment, ethics and documentation. The aim of the course is to enable the
student to work in a surgical ward as a house officer after passing the final
MBBS examination and as a competent medical officer thereafter. This is the
foundation of surgery upon which students who choose to proceed with
postgraduate training in surgery will build on.

Intended Learning Outcomes

On completion of the series of lectures, tutorials, laboratory skills and

clinical training the student is expected to be able to

1. obtain a history and elicit physical signs in a surgical patient and outline asimple
management plan.
2. formulate a differential diagnosis and arrive at a working diagnosis.
3. choose the relevant investigations to be done to confirm the
diagnosis and their interpretation.
4. choose the special investigations required and requestthem
in consultation with seniors.
5. formulate and carry out an initial treatment plan.
6. perform the initial management of surgical emergencies
including trauma with the help of seniors.
7. communicate with relatives and patients whilst
maintaining professionalism and ethics.
8. develop healthy relationships with colleagues and hospital staff.
The Academic Programme
Subject Area Teaching /Learning Semester
Method
Preoperative care Lectures – 8 hours 6
Tutorials/SGDs/Skills/PBL -4 hours
Basic Surgical Lectures – 3 hours 6
techniques Tutorials/SGDs/Skills /PBL-2 hours
Medico-legal aspects Lectures – 1 hours 6
Tutorials/SGDs/Skills -4 hours
Vascular surgery Lectures –5 hours 6
Tutorials/SGDs/Skills -2 hours
Thorax Lectures –1 hour 6
Tutorials/SGDs/Skills -2 hours
Head and neck Lectures –3 hours 6
Tutorials/SGDs/Skills -1 hours
GIT Lectures –9 hours 7
Tutorials/SGDs/Skills -8 hours
Hepatobiliary system Lectures – 4 hours 7
and Tutorials/SGDs/Skills -2 hours
pancreas
Abdominal Lectures –3 hours 7
wall/Abdome Tutorials/SGDs/Skills -1 hour
n
Musculoskel Lectures –6 hours 7
e tal Tutorials/SGDs/Skills -1 hour
disorders
Endocrine surgery Lectures – 4 hours 7
Tutorials/SGDs/Skills -2 hours
Management of Lectures –11 hours 8
trauma/Critical care Tutorials/SGDs/Skills -10 hours
Chemical, Lectures –5 hours 8
radiological Tutorials/SGDs/Skills -2 hours
biological and
nuclear warfare
Principles of Lectures –6 hours 8
oncology Tutorials/SGDs/Skills -6 hours
Urology Lectures –8 hours 9
Tutorials/SGDs/Skills -8 hours
Paediatric Surgery Lectures –7 hours 9
Eye Lectures –2 hours 9
ENT Lectures –3 hours 9
(Otorhinolaryngology)
Radiology and Lectures –3 hours 9
current concepts
Skills / Laboratory session Hours 12 1&
10
Clinical appointments
Speciality Duration
1 General Surgery (1st) 8 weeks
2 General Surgery (2nd) 8 weeks
3 Orthopaedic Surgery 4 weeks
4 Otorhinolaryngology(ENT) 2 weeks
5 Urology 2 weeks
6 Ophthalmology 2 weeks
7 Trauma 2 weeks
8 Vascular 2 weeks
9 Anaesthesiology and Critical Care 1 week
10 Oncosurgery 2 weeks
11 Vascular surgery 1 week
Total number of weeks 34
weeks

Professorial
clinical
appointment

Surgery 8 weeks

During the clinical appointments in semester 9 and 10, ward classeswill be

held.

Assessments
One continuous assessment will be held at the end of the professorial
appointment. At the end of the 10th semester the final MBBS examination will be
held.

Continuous Assessments

Marks allocated for Total Marks

Method of
Assessment final MBBS allocated for final
MBBS
OSCE 10
Viva 10
Total 20
Final MBBS Examination
Method of Marks allocated to Total marks
Assessment final MBBS allocated to final
No. of questions MBBS
Paper 1 – MCQs 20
Paper 2 – SEQs 20
Long case – 1case 20
Short cases 20
Total 80
Continuous 20
assessments
Total 100

Final MBBS supplementary Examination

Method of Assessment Marks allocated to Total Marks

No. of questions final MBBS allocated to final
MBBS
Paper 1 – MCQs 20
Paper 2 – SEQs 30
Long case – 1case 25
Short cases 25
Total marks0 100

Recommended textbooks:

 Bailey&Love‟ sShortPracticeofSurgery
Williams N, Bulstrode C, O‟ Connell PR (eds)
26th edition, 2013
Arnold Publications, London. (Hodder Headline Group)

 Lecture Notes: General Surgery

Ellis H, Calne R, Watson C
12th edition, 2011
Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.

 Browse‟ s Introduction tothe Symptoms and Signs of Surgical Disease

Black J, Browse NL, Burnand KG, Thomas WEG
4th edition, 2005
Hodder Arnold Publications, London.
 Supplementary Reading

 Clinical Surgery Made Easy1st

Edition 2008
TFM Publishing Ltd.

 Hamilton Bailey‟ s Physical Signs. Demonstrations of

Physical Signs in Clinical Surgery
Lumley JSP (ed)
18th edition,1997
Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford.
PAEDIATRICS

Duration of Course: 7 Semesters

Paediatrics is the branch of medicine that deals with the care of infants,
children, and adolescents. The age limit ranges from birth up to 18 years of
age. However, due to practical considerations the upper limit may extend up to
21 years, especially for chronic diseases such as diabetes where the child
transfers from paediatrics to adult medicine though a transitional period of
shred care.

A medical practitioner who specializes in paediatrics is known as a

paediatrician. The word paediatrics means "healer of children". It is derived
from the two Greek words “pais” meaning child and “iatros" meaning healer.

A child is a part of a family and a larger community. Hence, a paediatrician

needs to work with members of families and communities in caring for
children. Therefore, Pediatricians work both in hospitals as well as in the
primary health care settings in communities.

Paediatrics encompasses all issues relating to child health. Hence, growth,

nutrition, development and immunization all fall within the gambit of
paediatrics, apart from the usual childhood diseases. The assessment of
nutritional status and monitoring of growth and development are integral to
paediatrics. The detection and management of abnormal growth and delayed
development is an essential component of paediatric practice. Childhood
immunization is another area, which is closely linked to child health and
overall well- being.

Children are not miniature adults and paediatrics differs vastly from adult
medicine. These differences are seen right across the pediatric practice. For
example, although history taking is a very important skill inpaediatrics as well
as in all other branches of medicine, the pediatric patient may not be able to
give a comprehensive history. Hence, therole of parent or guardian becomes
vital. Also the format and technique of physical examination as well as the
differential diagnoses reached, differ considerably between the different age
groups within paediatrics. In the management of illnesses, the pediatric patient
should be seen as a part of a family and community rather than an isolated
entity. The circumstances or the family and the community should be
considered if a successful outcome is to be expected.

This course aims to impart the knowledge and skills required for the medical
student to work in a paediatric ward as an intern house officer and later on as a
primary health care provider for children and families.
Intended Learning Outcomes

General Objectives

On completion of the series of lectures, tutorials, laboratory skills and

clinical training the student is expected to be able to

1. diagnose and treat common childhood diseases.

2. identify and refer conditions needing specialized management.
3. manage a paediatric emergency in a primary care setting.
4. advice individuals, families and community on maintaining achild
in good health.
5. function as a house officer in a paediatric unit in a
Base/General/Teaching hospital in Sri Lanka.
6. understand the scientific basis of paediatrics in order to proceed to
further specialization in the subject if he/she so desires.

Specific objectives of clinical training

On completion of the series of lectures, tutorials, laboratory skills and

clinical training the student is expected to be able to

1. take a complete and relevant paediatric history.

2. do a complete and relevant physical examination of a neonate,infant,
preschool and a school child.
3. assess growth using appropriate growth charts.
4. do a basic developmental screening.
5. at the end of history and physical examination the student
should be able to
a. give a probable diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
b. give reasons for arriving at the diagnosis.
c. compile a list of problems that the child has.
d. suggest investigations needed to confirm the diagnosis.
e. interpret the investigation results.
f. draw up a plan of management.
g. write a prescription appropriate for the child.
h. explain to the parents in simple language, the problemthat
the child has and what needs to be done.
i. summarize the patients problems adequately to a group.
j. write clear concise and relevant progress notes for the patient.
k. write a diagnosis card (discharge summary) for the patient.
The Academic Programme

Subject Area Teaching/Learning Semester

Method
Introduction to Paediatrics Lecture - 2 hours 6
Care of the child 1 to 5 Lecture - 6 hours 6
years
The new born Lectures - 20 hours 7
Tutorials - 4 hours
Slide show- 2 hours
Growth and development Lectures- 12 hours 7
Tutorials- 2 hours
Slide show- 2 hours
Nutrition Lectures-16 hours 7
Tutorials – 4 hours
Immunization Lectures 2 hours 7
Childhood infections Lectures- 10 hours 7
Tutorials- 2 hours
Cardiovascular diseases Lectures -10 hours 8
Tutorials - 2 hours
Respiratory diseases Lectures - 10 hours 8
Tutorials - 4 hours
Gastrointestinal disease Lectures- 6 hours 8
Tutorials- 2 hours
Genitourinary diseases Lectures -10 hours 8
Tutorials- 2 hours
Central Nervous Lectures- 8 hours 8
system diseases Tutorials- 2 hours
Paediatric Haematology Lectures- 8 hours 8
Tutorials- 2 hours
Paediatric Endocrine Lectures - 10 hours 8
disorders Tutorials- 2 hours
Paediatric oncology Lectures- 8 hours 9
and immunology Tutorials- 2 hours
Orthopaedic Lectures- 4 hours 9
problems in children Slide show- 2 hours
Child psychiatry Lectures- 4 hours 9
Tutorials- 2 hours
Miscellaneous topics Lectures- 10 hours 9
Description of the course
Paediatrics will be taught from semester 4. Teaching activities willinclude 4
clinical appointments and theoretical teaching.

Theoretical Teaching
Theoretical teaching will be in the form of lectures, tutorials and smallgroup
discussions.
NB: Tutorials will be held on selected topics during semesters 9 & 10.

Integrated Ward Class

Integrated Ward Classes will be done during the professorial
appointment.

Clinical Appointments
Paediatrics will be taught during 4 clinical appointments.

1. Foundation course - semester 3 / 4 - (1 week) conduct by

academic staff of the Department Paediatrics at UHKDU.

2. Paediatrics 1st appointment –

semester 5-4 weeks

3. Paedatrics 2nd appointment –

semester 6-4 weeks

4. Professorial Paedaitrics appointment – semester 8, 9 & 10- (8 weeks)

conducted by the academic staff of Department ofPaediatrics UHKDU.

Clinical appointments

Speciality Duration
General Paediatrics (1st) 4 weeks
General Paediatrics (2nd) 4 weeks
Professorial Appointment 8 weeks
Assessments

One continuous assessment will be held at the end of the professorial

appointment. At the end of the 10th semester the final MBBS examination will
be held.

End Professorial Assessments

Method of Assessment No of Marks allocated Total marks

questions to each allocated to
component Final
MBBS
OSCE 10
Viva 10
Total 20
Final MBBS Examination

Marks allocated Total marks

Method of assessment to each allocated to
component Final MBBS
Paper 1 – MCQ/BRQ (SBR) 20
Paper 2 – SEQ 20
Long case – 1 case 20
Short case – 02 cases 20
Contribution from summative 80
examination
Continuous assessment contribution 20
Total marks 100

Final MBBS Supplementary Examination

Method of Assessment Marks Total marks

No. of questions allocat allocated to Final
ed to MBBS
each
comp
onent
Paper 1 – MCQ 20
Paper 2 – SEQ 30
Long case- 1 case 25
Short case – 02 cases 25
Total 100
Recommended textbooks:

 The Illustrated Textbook of

Paediatrics Lissauer T, Clayden G4th
edition, 2011
Mosby Elsevier, Missouri

 Essential Paediatrics
Hull D, Johnston DI
Latest edition,
Churchill Livingstone, London.

 Hospital Paediatrics,
Milner AD, Hull D Latest
edition,
Churchill Livingstone, London.

 Ghai Essential Paediatrics

Vinod K Paul, Araum D
Bagga 8th edition

 Text Book of Paediatrics

Fofar and Arneil
Latest edition

Supplementary reading

 Nelson‟ s Textbook of
Paediatrics Latest edition
OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
Duration of Course: 7 semesters

The subject of obstetrics and gynaecology is a surgical and medical specialty

that focuses mainly on the female reproductive system and the care of
women. However, when appropriate other systems such as the cardiovascular
and endocrine systems are studied and discussed.

Obstetrics focuses on physiological and abnormal events related to pre-

pregnancy, pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. Gynecology is geared
towards general healthcare of females from adolescent to menopause, with a
special focus on physiological and pathological conditions in the female
reproductive organs.

Intended Learning Outcomes

On completion of the course the students should acquire the required

knowledge, skills and attitudes to function under supervision and mentorship as
an intern house officer and later as a medical officer in obstetrics and
gynaecology at main hospitals, primary health care institutions and private
sector to provide the best care with a humane approach.
As a medical officer he/she should also acquire the skill to seek advice and to
refer to appropriate institutions or specialists at the earliest when it is not
possible to provide what is best for the patient and the family.
It is desirable for the students to acquire the correct mind set to continue in
further education to keep abreast with the constantly evolving advances in
obstetrics & gynaecology.

To achieve above the following key learning objectives are formulated and
implemented during the course.

1. Counsel and manage all aspects of normal pregnancy, labour, delivery

and puerperium without any further resident training.
2. Counsel and manage common gynaecological problems withoutfurther
resident training.
3. Provide the initial management of common obstetric & gynaecological
emergencies without further resident training.
4. Recognize common abnormalities of pregnancy, labour, delivery and
puerperium and to understand the principles of management of such
abnormalities.
5. Describe principles of early diagnosis of gynaecological malignancies
and other important gynaecological problems.
6. Perform duties of an intern house officer in obstetrics &
gynaecology under supervision following graduation.
7. Provide basic care at primary and secondary level to pregnant
women during antenatal, labour and puerperium.
8. Diagnose and manage gynaecological problems as a medicalofficer
in the state sector or as a family practitioner.
9. Counsel and promote prevention and methods available forscreening
of obstetric and gynaecological problems.
10. Show continued desire to broaden knowledge by further self-study
and research.
11. Value the importance of Continued Professional Development.
12. Acquire and demonstrative communication skills and attributesof
professionalism.
13. Function as an effective member in a health team.
14. Establish a foundation to further specialize in obstetrics &
gynaecology if desired to do so.
 OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY LECTURE
SCHEDULE AND TUTORIALS FOR
SEMESTERS

LECTURE SCHEDULE

Specialty Semester Topic

1 Obstetrics 6th Introduction – Expectations, Objectives,

Training programme and examinations

2 Gynaecology 6th Gynaecology patient: History, Examination,

Diagnosis and presentation

3 Obstetrics 6th Obstetric patient: History, Examination,

Diagnosis and presentation

4 Gynaecology 6th Reproductive organs, development and

implications

5 Obstetrics 6th Normal pregnancy and physiological changes

6 Gynaecology 6th Normal and abnormal menstrual cycles

7 Obstetrics 6th Pelvis, fetal positions and mechanism of labour

8 Obstetrics 6th Research, audit, FHB and WHO

9 Obstetrics 6th Antenatal care

10 Obstetrics 6th Normal and abnormal labour – Diagnosis and

Management

11 Obstetrics 6th Minor disorders in pregnancy

12 Gynaecology 6th Vaginal discharge, pruritus vulvae, STD

13 Obstetrics 6th Genetics in Obstetrics and Gynaecology

14 Obstetrics 6th Management of puerperium

15 Obstetrics 6th Nutrition in pregnancy

16 Obstetrics 7th Anaemia in pregnancy

17 Gynaecology 7th Pelvic inflammatory disease

18 Obstetrics 7th Antepartum haemorrhage

19 Obstetrics 7th Management of third stage of labour and

complications

21 Gynaecology 7th Miscarriage

22 Obstetrics 7th Heart disease complicating pregnancy

23 Obstetrics 7th Gestational diabetes and glucose intolerance

24 Obstetrics 7th Other medical disorders in pregnancy

25 Gynaecology 7th Ectopic pregnancy

26 Obstetrics 7th Induction of labour

27 Obstetrics 7th Gestational trophoblastic disease

28 Obstetrics 7th Assessment of fetal wellbeing

29 Gynaecology 7th Menstrual disorders

30 Obstetrics 7th Caesarean section

31 Obs & Gyn 8th Analgesia and Anaesthesia

32 Obstetrics 8th Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy

33 Obstetrics 8th Eclampsia

34 Obstetrics 8th Preterm labour/rupture of membranes and

past dates

35 Obstetrics 8th Intra uterine fetal death and stillbirth

36 Obstetrics 8th Multiple pregnancy

37 Gynaecology 8th Dysmenorrhoea/Premenstrual syndrome

38 Obstetrics 8th Instrumental delivery

39 Obs and Gyn 8th Trauma to genital tract

40 Gynaecology 8th Subfertility – Investigation

41 Gynaecology 8th Subfertility – Treatment

42 Obstetrics 8th Blood group incompatibility in pregnancy

43 Obstetrics 8th Drugs in pregnancy and lactation

44 Gynaecology 8th Endometriosis

45 Gynaecology 8th Displacement of genital organs

46 Gynaecology 9th Urinary Incontinence

48 Gynaecology 9th Benign tumours of the genital tract

50 Obstetrics 9th Malpresentations and Malpositions

51 Obstetrics 9th Abnormalities in amniotic fluid

52 Gynaecology 9th Screening, prevention and early detection of

malignancies

54 Gynaecology 9th Malignancies in the genital tract

55 Obstetrics 9th Intra-uterine growth restriction

56 Gynaecology 9th Menopause

57 Obstetrics 9th Influence of age and parity on pregnancy

58 Gynaecology 9th Radiotherapy and chemotherapy in

gynaecology

59 Gynaecology 9th Revision

60 Obstetrics 9th Revision

TUTORIALS IN OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY

Specialty Semester Topic

1 Obstetrics 6th Antenatal care

2 Gynaecology 6th Investigations in gynaecology

3 Obs&Gyn 7th Genetics in Obstetrics and gynaecology

4 Obs&Gyn 7th Diagnostic methods in Obstetrics and Gynaecology

5 Obs&Gyn 7th Documentation and charts available

6 Obs&Gyn 8th Answer/discussion of questions

7 Obs&Gyn 8th Answer/discussion of questions

8 Obs&Gyn 9th Answer/discussion of questions

9 Obs&Gyn 9th Answer/discussion of questions

SEMINARS IN OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY

Specialty Semester Topic

1 Obstetrics 8th Management of labour

2 Gynaecology 8th Menstrual problems

3 Obstetrics 8th Pregnancy counseling

4 Gynaecology 9th Contraception

5 Obs and Gyn 9th Common drugs in obstetrics and gynaecology

6 Obs and Gyn 9th Impact of age in obstetrics and gynaecology

 SKILLS LABORATORY BASED SKILLS DEVELOPMENTS
1 Obstetrics 6th Management of Labour and delivery

2 Gynaecology 6th Pelvic examination

3 Gynaecology 6th Episiotomy repair

4 Obstetrics 7th Instrumental deliveries

5 Obstetrics 7th Breech delivery

NB. In addition to the above, there will be 10 problem based learning classes on selected
topics.

The syllabus of the training programme consists of 21 modules. Under each

module the content areas, objectives, outcomes and teaching methods are
described in detail. These will be made available to the students on
commencement of this course.

Methods of training

The training will include lectures, tutorials, seminars, problem based learning,
reflective learning, self-study and clinical training. The summaries of key
teaching activities are indicated in the tables below.

Summary of clinical teaching activities

During the clinical appointments there shall be face to face teaching facilitated
by the teachers and self-learning activities in the wards, clinics, diagnostic
units, labour ward and operating theatres. During the clinical appointments the
portfolio/logbook should be maintained.

APPOINTMENT DURATION SEMESTER

Obstetrics & Gynaecology 4 weeks 7
(1st)
Obstetrics & Gynaecology 4 weeks 8
(2nd)
Professorial O & G 8 weeks 9 and 10
TOTAL 16 weeks
Assessments

There shall be two forms of assessments; Continuous (formative) and final

MBBS (summative)

The continuous assessment will be held at the end of the professorial

appointment. At the end of the 10th semester the final MBBS examination will
be held.

Continuous Assessment (formative)

Total marks
Method of assessment Marks allocated
to Final MBBS allocated to
Final MBBS
OSCE 10
Viva 8
Portfolio book 2
Total 20

Final MBBS Examination (summative)

Method of assessment Marks allocated Total marks

to Final MBBS allocated to
Final MBBS
Paper 1 - MCQ 20
(20 true/false and 30 SBA
questions)
Paper 2 – SEQ 20
(6 questions)
Long case – 2 cases 40
(one case each for Obstetrics
and Gynaecology)
Contribution to final MBBS examination 80
Continuous assessment contribution 20
Total marks 100
Final MBBS Supplementary Examination

Total marks
Method of Assessment No Marks allocated
allocated to
of questions to 2nd MBBS
2nd
MBBS
Paper 1 - MCQ 20
(20 true/false and 30 SBA
questions)
Paper 2 – SEQ 30
(5 questions)
Long case – 2 cases 50
(one case each for Obstetrics
and Gynaecology)
Total marks 100
Recommended textbooks

 Essential Antenatal Care

Author : Prof. Deepal S Weera sekara
Edition: 03rd
Year of publication: 2022

 Essential Labor and puerperium Care

Author: Prof. Deepal S Weerasekara
Edition : 02nd
Year of Publication – 2020

Essential Gynaecological care

Author: Prof. Deepal S Weerasekara
Edition : 03rd
Year of Publication – 2021

 Gynaecology by Ten
TeachersAuthors: Ash Monga,
Stephen Dobbs Edition: 20th
Year of publication: 2019

Supplementary Reading

 Oxford Handbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Authors: Sally Collins, Sabaratnam Arulkumaran,
Kevin Hayes Edition: 2nd
Year of publication: 2011
PSYCHIATRY
Duration of the course: 4 semesters
Psychiatry is a branch of medical science concerned with mental and
behavioural disorders. It is one of the five major clinical disciplines examined
in the final MBBS examination.

During this course, a student will be imparted the necessary knowledge, skills
and attitudes to recognize and evaluate common psychiatric and behavioural
problems and manage them.

Students will also learn to identify problems which require referral to

specialized treatment. The aim of the course is to enable a student tobe able
to identify and do the basic management till referred to specialized care for
behavioural problems seen in general hospital settings as a competent house
officer and a general medical officer thereafter. This will be the foundation of
Psychiatry upon which students who choose to proceed with postgraduate
training in psychiatry willbuild on.

Intended Learning Outcomes

General Objectives

On completion of this course the student will be able to

1. organize clinical data from psychiatric interview and mental status

examination to hypothesize reasonable psychiatric diagnoses and
psychosocial circumstances or stressors.
2. demonstrate knowledge about common psychiatric presentations.
3. recognize potential risks and psychiatric emergencies among general
medical patients.
4. demonstrate knowledge about commonly available
psychiatric medication.
5. identify and refer conditions needing specialist management.
6. understand the parameters of ethical clinical practice.
7. demonstrate knowledge about medical and medico-legal interventions
(psychiatric referrals, involuntary commitment, judgments of medical
incompetence).
8. demonstrate ability in psycho-education.
9. be familiar with psychiatric services available in Sri Lanka.
10. understand the scientific basis of psychiatry in order to proceed to
further specialization if the student desires.
Specific Objectives of Clinical Training

At the end of the clinical training the student should be able to

2. demonstrate the ability to conduct a psychiatric interview and perform

a mental state examination.
3. give a probable diagnosis and differential diagnosis giving reasons for
justification.
4. recognize the clinical characteristics of the following mental disorders:
major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective
disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, PTSD,
obsessive- compulsive disorder, personality disorders, substance use
disorders, cognitive disorders, organic psychiatric conditions,
psychiatric conditions related to general medical disorders, disorders in
puerperium, acute stress and adjustment disorders, somatoform
disorders, attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other
common childhood conditions.
5. the student will demonstrate the ability to provide coherent, thoughtful
presentations of psychiatric patients in both oral and written forms.
6. the student will recognize indications for treatments of patients with
mental disorders.
7. be familiar with laboratory and other types of testing (e.g.,
psychological tests).
8. the student will demonstrate the ability to work in a multidisciplinary
team.
9. the student will demonstrate the capacity to respond appropriately to
constructive feedback given by instructors.
The Academic Programme

Subject Area Teaching/Learni Semester

ng Method
Introduction to psychiatry Lectures – 2 hours 4
History taking and assessment of Lectures – 4 hours 4, 8
mental state
Psychopathology Lectures – 4 hours 8-10
Classification of psychiatric Lectures – 2 hours 8-10
disorders
Delirium Lectures – 2 hours 8-10
Dementia Lectures – 2 hours 8-10
Alcohol and psychoactive Lectures – 4 hours 8-10
substance disorders
Schizophrenia and other Lectures – 4 hours 8-10
psychotic disorders
Affective disorders Lectures – 4 hours 8-10
Generalized anxiety disorder and Lectures – 2 hours 8-10
Panic disorder
Phobic disorder Lectures – 2 hours 8-10
Obsessive compulsive disorder Lectures – 2 hours 8-10
Stress related illnesses Lectures – 2 hours 8-10
Defence Mechanisms Lectures – 2 hours 8-10
Deliberate self-harm Lectures – 2 hours 8-10
Dissociative disorders Lectures – 2 hours 8-10
Somatization disorders Lectures – 2 hours 8-10
Sleep, eating and sexual Lectures – 4 hours 8-10
disorders
Pregnancy and postpartum Lectures – 2 hours 8-10
disorders
Personality Disorders Lectures – 2 hours 8-10
Child psychiatry Lectures – 10 hours 8-10
Intellectual disability Lectures – 2 hours 8-10
Forensic psychiatry Lectures – 2 hours 8-10
Community psychiatry Lectures – 2 hours 8-10
Medically unexplained physical Lectures – 2 hours
8-10
symptoms
Emergencies in psychiatry Lectures – 2 hours 8-10
Military Psychiatry Lectures – 4 hours 8-10
Psychopharmacology and Lectures – 4 hours
8-10
other treatments in
psychiatry

Psychological treatments Lectures – 6 hours 8-10

NB: 30 Tutorials/PBL/Seminars will be held on selected topics

during semesters 8-10.
Clinical appointments
Specialty Duration
Psychiatry (1st) 4 weeks
One week at Military Hospital
Professorial Appointment 8 weeks

During the clinical appointments in semesters 9 and 10, 15 wardclasseswill

be held per Semester.

Assessments

One continuous assessment will be held at the end of the professorial

appointment. Continuous assessment in psychiatry will constitute a viva
based on the case book. At the end of the 10th semester, the final MBBS
examination will be held.

Continuous Assessment

Total marks
Marks
Method of allocated to
allocated
Assessment Final MBBS
Case book based viva 10 10

Final MBBS Examination

Method of Marks Total marks

assessment allocated to allocated to
Final MBBS Final MBBS

Paper 1 – MCQ/BRQ 25
(50)
Paper 2 – SEQ 25
Long case- 01 case 25
OSCE/Short 15
Case- 04 cases
Contribution from summative 90
examination
Continuous assessment 10
contribution
Total marks 100
Final MBBS Supplementary Examination

Method of Marks allocated Total marks

assessment to Final MBBS allocated to
Final MBBS
Paper 1 – MCQ 25
Paper 2 – SEQ 25
Long case 30
OSCE /Short 20
Cases
Total Marks 100

Recommended Textbooks:

 Textbook of Psychiatry Puri BK,

Treasaden IH 3rd edition, 2011
Churchill Linvingstone, London.

 Handbook of Clinical Psychiatry, a Practical Guide,de

Silva V, Hanwella R 2012
Kumaran Book House, Chennai.

 Psychiatry: An Oxford Core Text Gelder

M,Mayou R, Geddes J 3rd edition, 2005 Oxford
Medical Publications, Oxford.

87
RULES FOR STUDENTS

GENERAL RULES

Some general rules applicable to students of the FOM are given below. A
more comprehensive list of rules issued by the Faculty of Defense Studies
is given separately.

Any change of address must be immediately brought to the notice of the

Dean.

Students are not permitted to leave their registered address during termtime
without prior permission from the Dean.

A student is not permitted to be absent from work for more than 7 days
without informing the Dean.

IN CASE OF ILLNESS
a. Illness during termtime
If the student is taken ill during term time he/she should informthe
University Medical Officer as early as possible. If the student is
unable to do so, he/she should inform the Dean in writing by
registered post as early as possible AND submit within SEVEN days
of falling ill, a valid medical certificate issued by one of the persons
listed under (c) below.

b. Illness at examination time (including continuous assessment)

If a student is taken ill just before or during anypart of an examination,
he/she should inform the UMO as early as possible. If the student is
unable to do so for a valid reason, he/she should inform the Dean in
writing by registered post as early as possible AND submit a valid
medical certificate from one of the persons listed under (c) below,
within SEVEN days of falling ill.

c. Persons entitled to issue valid medical certificates for the

above purposes
(1) Medical officer ofa Military Hospital or SLAF/SLN Hospital
(2) A consultant of any government hospital
(3) A District Medical Officer (DMO) in a government hospital

a. PLEASE NOTE that medical certificates from medical officers otherthan

 those listed will NOT be accepted.

b. A medical certificate is not valid unless it has been submitted withinONE

WEEK of the illness.

Students are expected at all times to dress neatly and behave with
decorum. Gathering together and talking in loud tones whether in hospital,
clinic or in the vicinity of the officers, library or lecture halls is banned.
Smoking is prohibited in the premises of the University and the Teaching
Hospitals.

No student or student body shall collect monies for any purpose without
written permission from the Dean.

Only official functions approved by the Vice Chancellor may be organized

and held within the FOM.
 CQA-KDU

APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL OF AN EARLY EXIT OR FALL BACK

QUALIFICATION FOR AN EXISTING UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE
PROGRAMMME AT
GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY

1 1.1 Name of Fallback (English)

Qualification in all Diploma in Human Biology
three languages, in
accordance with (Sinhala) මානව ජීව විද්යාාාව පිළිබඳ ඩිප්ල ෝා මාව
SLQF 2015
(Tamil) மனித உயிரியலில் டிப்ளமமமோ

1.2 Abbreviated (English) Dip (Human Biology)

qualification
(Fallback
Qualification)
2 Programme Offering Entity
2.1 University General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University

2.2 Faculty/ Faculty of Medicine

Institute
2.3 Department(s) Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences
(if applicable)
2.4 Final Senate Date: ………/……. /……………..
Approval for Evidence: Yes ☐No ☐
Fallback (Date of Senate meeting and evidence)
Qualification (Evidence – Please attach as Annex X)

2.5 Final Council Date: ………/……. /……………..

Approval Evidence: Yes ☐No ☐
Fallback (Date of Council meeting and evidence)
Qualification (Evidence – Please attach as Annex X)
3 Objectives of the The objective of this diploma is to is to provide students who
Fallback completed the 2nd MBBS course but were unable to pass the 2nd
Qualification/Early MBBS examination or passed the 2nd MBBS examination but
exit qualification wishes to leave the course before eligible to receive a higher
level of a qualification awarded under the MBBS program with
the necessary knowledge, technical skills and competencies in
Human Biology to work in the health sector, higher education
institutes and research institutes.

4 Programme
Outcomes/ Graduate On completion of the Diploma in Human Biology, the student
Profile of the Fallback will

1
 CQA-KDU
Qualification/ Early
exit qualification PO1 have acquired knowledge of the structure and functions of
the normal human body and the mechanisms involved in
maintaining a healthy life.
PO2 have a basic knowledge ofphysiological and metabolic
processes to explain their role in health and how
abnormalities in them lead to disease.
PO3 be able to apply the basic science knowledge to
understand the diseases at the levels of whole body,
organ, and tissue, cellular and molecular level.
PO4 be able to apply the knowledge of human biology in
various jobs in the health sector and higher education
institutes.
5 Programme Duration and Credit Load of the Fallback Qualification/ Early exit
qualification
Diploma Duration: 1 1/2 yrs.
During the three semesters a student would have completed the
second MBBS program and the components required to
complete 30 credits from the contents.
Course work: 30 credits
Total Credits: 30
6 Programme Structure: This should give details as below
Course Course Name Credit
code Value

PRA1115, Anatomy I 12
PRA1214 Anatomy II
PRA2113 Anatomy III
PRB1114 Biochemistry I 08
PRB1212 Biochemistry II
PRB2112 Biochemistry III
PRP1114 Physiology I 10
PRP1214 Physiology II
PRP2112 Physiology III
Total 30
7 Targeted Sri Lanka Qualification Framework (SLQF) Level of the Fallback Qualification
(Please tick √)

SLQF Level 5 SLQF Level 4 SLQF Level 3

(Bachelors) (Higher Diploma) (Diploma)
√
8 Program Assessment Procedure/Rules of the fallback qualification

Assessment tools:
Anatomy: MCQ, SEQ, Spot and Viva
Biochemistry: MCQ, SEQ, OSPE and Viva
Physiology: BRQ, MRQ,SEQ, OSPE and Viva

2
CQA-KDU
For fallback qualification a student
a. should obtain an aggregate mark of 40% or above in the 2nd MBBS examination
for all three subjects separately (Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology) at any
attempt irrespective of the marks secured from each component and should pass
an exit viva held by the department.
or
For early exit qualification a student

b. *should have passed the 2nd MBBS examination and wishes to leave the MBBS
course but not satisfy the requirements for Higher Diploma in Human Biology,
B.Sc Degree in Health Sciences or MBBS.
*This criteria does not apply for UGC students according to the UGC Circular No 04/2021

3
CQA-KDU
Programme
Content
Course duration 3 semesters
Course Code PRA1115, PRA1214, PRA2113
Course Name Anatomy
Credit Value 12
Hourly Breakdown Theory Practical Other learning Independent
activities learning
80 150 31 339
Course Aim
Intended Learning On completion of this diploma, the student will be able to,
Outcomes LO1 describe the basic anatomical concepts
LO2 explain the organization of the human body
LO3 explain the body systems
LO4 describe the cell
LO5 explain the tissue types
LO6 explain basic embryology
LO7 explain basic medical genetics
PRA1115 Basic anatomical concepts
Introduction to anatomy
Histology
Basic Embryology
Genetics
Upper limb and thorax
Structure of the Upper Limb
Structure of the Thorax
Cardiovascular and Respiratory system
Structure of the Cardiovascular System
Structure of the Respiratory System
PRA1214 Abdomen, pelvis and perineum
Structure of the Abdomen
Structure of the Pelvis and Perinium
Gastro intestinal system
Structure of the Gastrointestinal system
Genito urinary system
Structure of the genito urinary system
Lower Limb
P Structure of the Lower limb
RA2113 Head and neck
Structure of the Head and Neck
Central nervous system
Structure of the Central Nervous System
Teaching /Learning  Lectures, dissections, tutorial, small group discussions and
Methods: practicals

Assessment Assessment tools:

Strategy: MCQ, SEQ, Spot and Viva

4
CQA-KDU
For fallback qualification a student
a. should obtain an aggregate mark of 40% or above in the 2nd MBBS
examination for all three subjects separately (Anatomy,
Biochemistry and Physiology) at any attempt irrespective of the
marks secured from each component and should pass an exit viva
held by the department.
or

For early exit qualification a student

b. *should have passed the 2nd MBBS examination and wishes to leave
the MBBS course but not satisfy the requirements for Higher
Diploma in Human Biology, B.Sc Degree in Health Sciences or
MBBS.
*This criteria does not apply for UGC students according to the UGC Circular No
04/2021
Recommended  Cunningham's Manual of Anatomy (Vol - I) G. J. Romanes
reading  Cunningham's Manual of Anatomy (Vol - II)G. J. Romanes
 Cunningham's Manual of Anatomy (Vol - III) G. J. Romanes
 Clinical Anatomy - Harold Ellis, VishyMahadevan
 Wheatear's Function Histology - Barbara Young , James S.
Lowe , Alan Stevens , John W. Heath , Philip J. Deakin
 Human Embryology (2nd Edition) Prof. Malkanthi S.
Chandrasekara
 Grants Atlas - Anne M.R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley Clinical
Neuroanatomy for Medical Students Richard S. Snell
 Basic Medical Genetics - Prof. Rohan W Jayasekara
 Langman's Medical Embryology- T. W. Sadler
Linkage between Learning Outcomes (LOs) and Program outcomes (POs)
POs
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4
LO1 H M M L
LO2 H L L M
LO3 M L L L
LOs

LO4 M M L M
LO5 H M M L
LO6 L L L M
LO7 L L L M
H: high M: medium L : Low

5
CQA-KDU

Programme
Content
Course duration 3 Semesters
Course Code PRB1114, PRB1212, PRB2112
Course Name Biochemistry
Credit Value 8
Hourly Breakdown Theory Practical Other learning Independent
activities learning
90 33 30 297
Course Aim
Intended Learning On completion of this course, the student will be able to
Outcomes
LO 1 describe the biomolecules found in the human body and their
importance for health.
LO 2 explain the metabolic pathways and their role in life, how
errors in them lead to disease and biochemical principles
behind common tests used in diagnostics.
LO 3 explain the principles of human nutrition, nutritional
requirements and common human nutritional deficiency
diseases.
Course Contents Cell Biochemistry
Cell structure and functions
PRB1114 pH & buffers
Bioenergetics
Hormone action
Biomolecules
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Functional Aspects of Proteins
Information transfer
Hemoglobin
Enzymes
Digestion and absorption
Plasma proteins
Metabolism I
PRB1212
Carbohydrate metabolism
Lipid metabolism
Metabolism II
Protein metabolism
Nucleic acid metabolism
Nutrition
PRB2112 Vitamins
Principles of nutrition
Basic clinical biochemistry

6
CQA-KDU

Teaching /Learning Lectures, tutorial, and practicals

Methods
Assessment Assessment tools:
Strategy MCQ, SEQ, Spot and Viva

For fallback qualification a student

a. should obtain an aggregate mark of 40% or above in the 2nd MBBS
examination for all three subjects separately (Anatomy,
Biochemistry and Physiology) at any attempt irrespective of the
marks secured from each component and should pass an exit viva
held by the department.
or

For early exit qualification a student

b. *should have passed the 2nd MBBS examination and wishes to leave
the MBBS course but not satisfy the requirements for Higher
Diploma in Human Biology, B.Sc Degree in Health Sciences or
MBBS.
*This criteria does not apply for UGC students according to the
UGC Circular No 04/2021
Recommended Lippencotts' illustrated Biochemistry, Denise R. Ferrier
reading
Linkage between Learning Outcomes (LOs) and Program outcomes (POs)
POs
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4
LO1 H M M M
LOs

LO2 H H H H
LO3 H H H H

H: high M: medium L : Low

7
Programme
Content
Course duration 3 Semesters
Course Code PRP1114, PRP1214, PRP2112
Course Name Physiology
Credit Value 10
Hourly Breakdown Theory Practical Other learning Independent
activities learning
104 60 30 3
5
6
Course Aim
Intended Learning On completion of this course, the student will be able to
Outcomes
LO 1 define basic principles in human physiology.
LO 2 describe sequentially and logically, human physiological
processes.
LO 3 explain using clinical examples, listed disturbances in human
physiology.
Course Contents General Physiology
Body fluids
PRP1114 Body fluid compartments and their homeostasis
Tissue fluid formation and oedema
Starling forces and their derangements
Dehydration and IV Fluids
Fluid balance and regulation of ECF volume
Homeostasis
Autonomic Nervous System
Blood and Immunity
Haemopoiesis and Haemoglobin
Haemostasis, Haemolysis and Jaundice
Blood grouping, Blood transfusion, Rh incompatibility
Anaemias
Cardiovascular
physiology Introduction
to CVS Cardiac Output
and BP Heart sounds and
Murmurs JVP
Cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms
Cardiovascular homeostasis in health and
diseases Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Respiratory physiology
Mechanics of Respiration
Gas exchange
Regulation of Respiratory system
Respiratory adjustments in health and disease
8
 Gastrointestinal physiology
Mouth and Oesophagus
PRP1214

8
 Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Liver and gall bladder
Renal physiology
Functions of the kidneys
Renal blood flow and renal clearance
Renal regulation of electrolytes
Counter current mechanism
Water balance and diuretics
Micturition
Renal dysfunction
Endocrine physiology
Introduction to endocrine physiology
Hypothalamus and pituitary axis
Pituitary and Pituitary dysfunction
Thyroid and thyroid dysfunction
Adrenal cortex and dysfunction
Adrenal medulla and dysfunction
Endocrine pancreas
Parathyroid gland and calcium metabolism
Reproductive physiology
Male reproductive system
Female reproductive system
Human sexual response
Pregnancy and normal labor
Lactation
Menopause and Andropause
Contraception
PRP2112 Neurophysiology
Introduction to neurophysiology
Sensory nervous system
Motor nervous system
Spinal cord lesions
Cranial nerves
Physiology of taste and smell
Physiology of vision
Physiology of hearing and balance
Physiology of pain
Reflexes – Monosynaptic and polysynaptic
Posture, gait and ataxia
Basal ganglia – Higher cerebral functions
Teaching /Learning Lectures, tutorial, and practicals
Methods
Assessment Assessment tools:
Strategy BRQ, MRQ,SEQ, OSPE and Viva

For fallback qualification a student

9
 a. should obtain an aggregate mark of 40% or above in the 2nd MBBS
examination for all three subjects separately (Anatomy,
Biochemistry and Physiology) at any attempt irrespective of the
marks secured from each component and should pass an exit viva
held by the department.
or

For early exit qualification a student

b. *should have passed the 2nd MBBS examination and wishes to leave
the MBBS course but not satisfy the requirements for Higher
Diploma in Human Biology, B.Sc Degree in Health Sciences or
MBBS.
*This criteria does not apply for UGC students according to the
UGC Circular No 04/2021
Recommended  Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology ,Kim E. Barrett , Susan
reading M. Barman , Scott Boitano , Heddwen Brooks
 Hutchinsons' Clinical Methods,Michael Glynn,William M Drake
Linkage between Learning Outcomes (LOs) and Program outcomes (POs)
POs
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4
LO1 H H H M
LOs

LO2 H H H M
LO3 H H H M

H: high M: medium L : Low

10
 APPLICATION FORM FOR THE APPROVAL OF FALLBACK QUALIFICATION IN
HIGHER DIPLOMA IN HUMAN BIOLOGY
FOR AN EXISTING UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAMME AT
GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY

Application form for Fallback Qualification

1 1. Name of Fallback (English)

1 Qualification in all Higher Diploma in Human Biology
three languages, in
accordance with (Sinhala) මානව ජීව විද්යාව පිළිබඳ උසස් ඩිප්ෝල මාව
SLQF 2015
(Tamil) மனித உயிரியலில் டிப் ளமமமோ

1. Abbreviat (English) High. Dip. in HB

2 ed
qualificatio
n
(Fallback
Qualification)
2 Programme Offering Entity
2. University General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University
1
2. Faculty/ Faculty of Medicine
2 Institute
2. Department(s Department of Pre Clinical
3 ) (if Sciences Department of Para-
applicable) Clinical Sciences
2. Final Senate Date: ………/……. /……………..
4 Approval for Evidence: Yes ☐No ☐
Fallback (Date of Senate meeting and evidence)
Qualification (Evidence – Please attach as Annex X)

2. Final Council Date: ………/……. /……………..

5 Approval Evidence: Yes ☐No ☐
Fallback (Date of Council meeting and evidence)
Qualification (Evidence – Please attach as Annex X)
3 Objectives of The objective of this higher diploma is to is to provide
the Fallback students with the necessary knowledge , skills and
Qualification competencies in human biology(who have successfully
completed 2nd MBBS examination and are unable to
complete the 3rd MBBS Part 1 examination) to work in the
health sector, higher education institutes and research
institutes.

1
4 Programme On completion of the Higher Diploma in Human Biology the
Outcomes/ student will
Graduate Profile PO1 have acquired knowledge of the structure and
of the Fallback functions of the normal human body and the
Qualification mechanisms involved
in maintaining a healthy life.

2
 PO2 be able to apply the basic science knowledge to
understand the diseases at the levels of whole body,
organ, and tissue, cellular and molecular.
PO3 have a basic knowledge of physiological and metabolic
processes to explain their role in health and how
abnormalities in them lead to disease.
PO4 have basic knowledge regarding medically important
bacteria, viruses, fungi, their role in causing various
infectious diseases, microbiological diagnostic methods
and basic principles in hospital infection prevention.
PO5 be able to understand the structure of the human
immune system and how it generates an effective
immune response against pathogens.
PO6 have basic knowledge and skills regarding biological and
epidemiological aspects of medically important parasites
of man, diseases caused by the parasites, pathogenesis,
clinical presentation and complications of parasitic
diseases, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and
control of the parasitic diseases .
PO7 have basic knowledge about arthropod vectors that
transmit parasitic diseases.
PO8 develop knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to
improve individual, family and community health as well
as disease prevention.
PO9 have a basic knowledge of the pathological changes that
occur in cells, tissues, blood and body fluids due to
disease.
PO10 provide knowledge on the fundamentals of clinical
pharmacology as a translational scientific discipline
focused on rational drug development
PO11 develop adequate knowledge of the medico-legal
procedures.
PO12 be able to apply this knowledge in various jobs in the
health sector and in higher education institutes.
5 Programme
Duration and Credit Programee Duration : 05 semesters (2 ½ years)
Load
Credit load : 60 credits

3
6 Programme Structure: This should give details as below

Course code Course Name Credit Value

Anatomy 18
Biochemistry 12
Physiology 16
Microbiology 04
Parasitology 03
Public Health 04
Pathology 03
Pharmacology 01
Forensic Medicine 02
Total 63

7 Targeted Sri Lanka Qualification Framework (SLQF) Level of the Fallback Qualification
(Please tick √)
SLQF Level 5 SLQF Level 4 SLQF Level 3
(Bachelors) (Higher Diploma) (Diploma)
√

8 Program Assessment Procedure / Rules of the fallback qualification

Students shall
complete/pass the 2nd MBBS Examination,
obtained a minimum of 40 marks for the each of the subjects of the 3rd MBBS Prt-1
examination,
sit for the 4th and 5th semester examinations of the Public Health and Family Medicine,
Pathology, Pharmacology and 5th semester examination of the Forensic Medicine,
shall pass the exit viva-voce examination at the completion of the above requirements
are qualified for the Higher Diploma in Human Biology Programme.

4
 Programme Content
Course duration
Course Code PRB1101
Course Name Biochemistry
Credit Value 12
Hourly Theory Practical Other learning Independent
Breakdown activities learning
125 54 37 384
Course Aim
Intended On completion of this course, the student will be able to
Learning LO1 describe the important biomolecules found in the human body and
Outcomes their importance for health.
LO2 explain the basic metabolic pathways, how errors in them lead to
disease and biochemical principles behind common tests used in
diagnostics.
LO3 explain the biochemical principles behind common tests used in
diagnostics and the abnormalities seen in laboratory reports in
biochemical terms.
LO4 explain the principles of human nutrition, nutritional requirements
and common human nutritional deficiency diseases.
LO5 explain the basic principles for planning suitable healthy diet for
normal, obese and diabetic persons.
LO6 explain the applications of molecular techniques
in disease diagnosis and therapeutics.
Course Contents Cell Biochemistry
Cell structure and functions
pH & buffers
Bioenergetics
Free radicals and antioxidants
Hormone action, Cancer & aging
Biomolecules
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Functional Aspects of Proteins
Information transfer
Hemoglobin
Enzymes
Digestion and absorption
Plasma proteins
Metabolism I
Carbohydrate metabolism
Diabetes mellitus
Metabolism II
Protein metabolism
Lipid metabolism

7
 Molecular Medicine
Inborn errors of metabolism
Recombinant DNA technology
Metabolism III
Bilirubin metabolism
Nucleic acid metabolism
Integration of metabolism
Liver metabolism
Nutrition
Food and diets
Vitamins
Micro nutrients
Principles of nutrition
Basic clinical biochemistry
Teaching Lectures
/Learning Tutorials
Methods Practicals
Assessment Assessment tools : MCQs, SEQs, Spot, Viva
Strategy
For fall back qualifications
Student shall pass the Biochemistry component of the 2nd MBBS
examination in maximum of 4 attempts
Recommended  Lippencotts' illustrated Biochemistry, Denise R. Ferrier
reading

8
 Programme Content
Course duration
Course Code PRP1101
Course Name Physiology
Credit Value 16
Hourly Theory Practical Other learning Independent
Breakdown activities learning
164 44 66 526
Course Aim
Intended On completion of this course, the student will be able to
Learning LO 1 define basic principles in human physiology.
Outcomes LO 2 describe sequentially and logically, human physiological
processes.
LO 3 explain using clinical examples, listed disturbances in
human physiology.
Course Contents General Physiology
Body fluid
Body fluid compartments and their homeostasis
Tissue fluid formation and oedema
Starling forces and their derangements
Dehydration and IV Fluids
Fluid balance and regulation of ECF volume
Homeostasis
Autonomic Nervous System
Blood and Immunity
Haemopoiesis and Haemoglobin
Haemostasis, Haemolysis and Jaundice
Blood grouping, Blood transfusion, Rh incompatibility
Anaemias
Cardiovascular physiology
Introduction to CVS
Cardiac Output and BP
Heart sounds and Murmurs
JVP
Cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms
Cardiovascular homeostasis in health and diseases
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Respiratory physiology
Mechanics of Respiration
Gas exchange
Regulation of Respiratory system
Respiratory adjustments in health and disease
Gastrointestinal physiology
Mouth and Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Liver and gall bladder
9
 Renal physiology
Functions of the kidneys
Renal blood flow and renal clearance
Renal regulation of electrolytes
Countercurrent mechanism
Water balance and diuretics
Micturition
Renal dysfunction
Endocrine physiology
Introduction to endocrine physiology
Hypothalamus and pituitary axis
Pituitary and Pituitary dysfunction
Thyroid and thyroid dysfunction
Adrenal cortex and dysfunction
Adrenal medulla and dysfunction
Endocrine pancreas
Parathyroid gland and calcium metabolism
Reproductive physiology
Male reproductive system
Female reproductive system
Human sexual response
Pregnancy and normal labor
Lactation
Menopause and Andropause
Contraception
Neurophysiology
Introduction to neurophysiology
Sensory nervous system
Motor nervous system
Spinal cord lesions
Cranial nerves
Physiology of taste and smell
Physiology of vision
Physiology of hearing and balance
Physiology of pain
Reflexes – Monosynaptic and polysynaptic
Posture, gait and ataxia
Basal ganglia – Higher cerebral functions
Teaching Lectures
/Learning Tutorials
Methods Practicals

Assessment Assessment tools : MCQs, BRQs, SEQs, OSPE, Viva

Strategy
For fall back qualifications
Student shall pass the Physiology component of the 2nd MBBS
examination in maximum of 4 attempts

10
Recommended  Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology ,Kim E. Barrett , Susan M.
reading Barman , Scott Boitano , Heddwen Brooks
 Hutchinsons' Clinical Methods, Michael Glynn,William M Drake

11
 Programme Content
Course duration 02 semesters
Course Code
Course Name Microbiology
Credit Value 04
Hourly Theory Practical Other learning Independent
Breakdown activities learning
46 18 09 129
Course Aim
Intended On completion of this course, the student will be able to
Learning LO1 describe pathogenic microorganisms that are commonly encountered
Outcomes (bacteria, viruses and fungi), their habitats, routes of transmission,
pathogenesis and infections they cause.
LO2 learn the microbiological culture methods done to diagnose common
pathogens and to advise on collection and transport of specimens for
microbiological investigations.
LO3 acquire knowledge and skills on staining, microscopic examination
and conducting basic biochemical tests to identify common bacteria
and fungi.
LO4 learn the principles of common serological and molecular
diagnostic tests used in diagnosis of medically important
pathogens.
LO5 understand how the human immune system works to generate an
effective immune response against a specific pathogen
LO6 understand the basic principles of infection prevention and control
methods used in hospital setup to prevent and control infectious
diseases.
Course Contents General Bacteriology
Introduction to bacteriology, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Bacterial cell
structure
Classification of bacteria, pathogenesis & virulence of bacteria. Host
parasite relationship, Bacterial genetics
Systemeic Bacteriology
Gram positive cocci
Gram negative cocci
Gram positive bacilli
Gram negative bacilli
Mycobacteria
Spirochetes
Actinomyces/Nocardia
Mycoplasma/Chlamydiae/ Ricketsiae
Anaerobes
Human microbiome and its role
Immunology
Introduction to Immunology & innate immunity
Adaptive immunity

12
 Immune response to bacterial, viral and fungal infections
Active and passive immunity
Immunology – updates and applicability / Antigen and Antibody testing
methods
Virology
Introduction to viruses and their classification
Molecular diagnosis of viral infections
Serological diagnostic methods for viral diagnosis
Mycology
Introduction to Mycology
Superficial, subcutaneous and systemic mycoses
Diagnosis of mycoses
Infection control, disinfection and sterilisation
Hospital Infection Prevention and Control – Basic concepts
Disinfection and sterilization of patient care equipment and
environmental surfaces
Teaching Lectures
/Learning Tutorials
Methods Practicals
Assessment Assessment Tools : MCQs, BRQs, SEQ, OSPE, Practical, Viva
Strategy
For fall back qualifications
Student shall obtain a minimum of 40 marks for the Microbiology
component of the 3rd MBBS Part 1 examination

Recommended  Medical Microbiology by David Greenwood, Richard C.B.Slack & John

reading F. Peutherer. 18th Edition. Churchill Livingstone

 Mim’s Medical Microbiology by Richard Goering, Hazel Dockrell,

Mark Zuckerman, Derek Wakelin, Ivan Roitt, Cedreic Mims. 4th
Edition, Mosby Elsevier

 Cellular and Molecular Immunology by Abbas AK, Lichtman AH.8th

Edition, Saunders Publishing

13
 Content Progrmamme
Course duration 02 semesters
Course Code
Course Name Parasitology
Credit Value 03
Hourly Theory Practical Other learning Independent
Breakdown activities learning
47 20 06 129
Course Aim
Intended On completion of this course, the student will be able to
Learning
Outcomes LO1 acquire the knowledge about disease causing parasites to man,
their geographical distribution, life cycle, morphology at
different stages, sources of infection and mode of transmission
of each parasite.
LO2 acquire knowledge about the the parasitic diseases, organs or the
systems affected by the parasitic diseases, clinical presentation
and the underline pathogenesis of parasitic diseases.
LO3 acquire knowledge about laboratory diagnosis of the parasitic
diseases.
LO4 acquire knowledge about prevention and control of parasitic
disease and out line the treatment of the parasitic diseases and
the management of patients.
LO5 acquire skills to perform stool examination for intestinal
parasites and blood film examination and rapid diagnostic
methods for malaria and filarial parasites.
LO6 acquire knowledge about medically important arthropods with
special reference to those commonly found in Sri Lanka.
LO7 acquire skills to identify the main genera of disease transmitting
mosquitoes and other medically important arthropod vectors
commonly found in Sri Lanka.
Course Contents Introduction to Parasitology
Intestinal Nematodes
Introduction to intestinal nematodes and soil transmitted helminths
Ascariasis,
Hookworm diseases,
Trichuriasis,
Strongyloidiasis,
Enterobiasis
Tissue nematodes
Introduction Lymphatic filariasis (LF)
Life cycle of W bancrofti
Pathology, immunology and clinical features of LF
Laboratory diagnosis of LF
National Programme for Elimination of LF
Other important human filarial worms
Zoonotic filarial worms

14
 Protozoology
Introduction to protozoology
Intestinal protozoans
Amoebiasis
Giardiasis
Cryptosporidiosis
Balantidiasis
Cryptosporidiosis
Pathogenic free living protozoans

Urogenital protozoans – Trichomoniasis

Blood protozoans
Introduction to blood protozoans
Trypanosomiasis and Global preventive programme for
trypanosomiasis
Leishmaniasis
Toxoplasmosis
Malaria – Introduction
LF of malaria parasites
Clinical features of malaria
Pathophysiology and immunity to malaria
Laboratory diagnosis of malaria
Antimalrial drugs and management of malaria
National Programme to eliminate malaria

Medically important arthropods / Entomology

Mosquitoes
Scabies and mite related diseases
Dipterous Flies of medical importance and Myiasis
Fleas
Ticks
Lice
Vector control methods
Teaching Lectures
/Learning Tutorial
Methods Practicals
Assessment Assessment Tools : MCQs, BRQs, SEQ, OSPE, Practical, Viva
Strategy
For fall back qualifications
Student shall obtain a minimum of 40 marks for the Microbiology
component of the 3rd MBBS Part 1 examination

Recommended  Medical Parasitology by D R Arora. Brijbala Arora – 4th Edition

reading  Mansons Tropical Medicine by G. C Cook, Iz Alimuddin.
 Parasites of Man by S J Edirisinghe.
 Medical Entomology for students by Mike Service – 5th Edition

15
 Programme Content
Course duration 04 semesters
Course Code PAC3101
Course Name Public Health
Credit Value 04
Hourly Theory Practical Other learning Independent
Breakdown activities learning
48 - 15 241
Course Aim
Intended On completion of this degree, the student will be able to,
Learning
Outcomes LO1 Acquire knowledge of the health care delivery system in Sri
Lanka, public health control programmes and the relevant legal
framework.
LO2 Acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes to assess health status
of communities and families and plan and implement
appropriate promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative
measures within the social, religious, cultural and economic
milieu in the community.
LO3 Acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes to provide promotive,
preventive, curative and rehabilitative care to fulfill the health
needs of the individual, family and community with
responsibility.
LO4 Apply the principles and concepts of epidemiology and
statistics and carry out research, describe health issues, assess
health status of the community and determine the effects of
health interventions in the community.
Course Contents Epidemiology
Introductory epidemiology
Organizing epidemiological data
Frequency measures used in epidemiology
Public health surveillance
Investigation of an outbreak
Biostatistics
Statistical principles and methods
Biostatistics
Medical record systems
Healthcare Delivery Systems and Demography
Concepts of health
Disease prevention and Primary Health Care
Healthcare systems in Sri Lanka
Determinants of health
Vital statistics
Demographic transition
Demographic issues

16
 Communicable and Non Communicable Disease Epidemiology
Communicable disease epidemiology
Notifiable diseases and the notification system
Expanded Programme on Immunization
Disease campaigns
Non Communicable Disease epidemiology
Teaching / Lectures
Learning Tutorials
methods
Assessment Assessment Tools : MCQs, BRQs, SEQs
Strategy:
For fall back qualifications
Student shall sit for the Public Health and Family Medicine
component of the 4th and 5th semester examination of the MBBS
degree programme

Recommended  Basic Epidemiology. Beaglehole R, Bonita R &Kjellstrom T

reading  Parks text book of Preventive and Social Medicine. Park K.
 An introduction to medical statistics. Bland M

17
 Programme Content
Course duration 4 semesters
Course Code PAT2201
Course Name Pathology
Credit Value 03
Hourly Theory Practical Other learning Independent
Breakdown activities learning
58 08 15 169
Course Aim
Intended On completion of this degree, the student will be able to,
Learning
Outcomes LO1 demonstrate a disease related vocabulary.
LO2 describe the cellular responses to stress and injury.
LO3 describe the macroscopic and microscopic changes in tissue that
occurs due to the disease process.
LO4 briefly explain the basics of carcinogenesis,
LO5 describe the morphological features of benign and
malignant tumours.
LO6 describe alterations observed in plasma and body fluids in
common systemic disorders.
LO7 describe the principles of test requisition, patient preparation,
sample collection and transport requirements related to
histopathological investigations.
Course Contents General pathology
Introduction to Pathology
Acute Inflammation
Chronic Inflammation
Cellular adaptations
Cell Injury and Cell Death
Wound healing
Hyperaemia, and Congestion
Thrombosis and Embolism
Ischaemia and Infarction
Pathological Calcification
Pathological Pigmentation
Amyloidosis
Neoplasia
Introduction to Neoplasia
Carcinogenesis
Tumour Nomenclature
Clinical manifestations and The Laboratory diagnosis
of Tumours
Respiratory and Cardiovascular Pathology
Pneumonia
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Restrictive Airways Disease
Lung Tumours
18
 Other lung disorders
Vascular Pathology
Ischaemic heart disease
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Congenital Heart Disease
Cardiomyopathies
Myocarditis and
Endocarditis
Rheumatic heart disease
Chemical Pathology
Introduction to Chemical Pathology
Disorders of Water and Electrolytes
Disorders of Acid Base Balance
Diabetes mellitus
Disorders of Lipid Metabolism
Plasma Proteins and Enzymes
Biochemical Investigations for Liver Disorders
Biochemical Investigations for Renal Disorders
Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism
Endocrine Disorders of the Pituitary, Thyroid and Adrenal Glands
Teaching Lectures
/Learning Tutorials
methods Practicals
Self learning using Museum specimens and teaching aids
Assessment Assessment tools : MCQs, BRQs, SEQs
Strategy
For fall back qualifications
Student shall sit for the Pathology component of the 4th and 5th
semester examination of the MBBS degree programme

Recommended  Basic Pathology. CotronR, Kumar V, Robbins SL

reading  Essential Haematology,HoffbrandAV, Pettit JE, Moss PAH.
 Clinical Chemistry. Marshall WJ, Bangert SK.

19
 Programme Content
Course duration 04 semesters
Course Code PAP3101
Course Name Pharmacology
Credit Value 01
Hourly Theory Practical Other learning Independent
Breakdown activities learning
20 - 07 13
Course Aim
Intended On completion of this degree, the student will be able to,
Learning
Outcomes LO1 Describe the process of drug discovery and development.
LO2 Explain the core principles of pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetics.
LO3 Provide basic knowledge on the Autonomic system and
auticoids.
LO4 Describe the impact of age, pregnancy, and disease on
pharmacokinetics.
LO4 Describe the basic principles in the assessment of drug
effects.
LO5 Describe antimicrobial drug action and explain the principles
of antimicrobial therapy.
LO6 Demonstrate an understanding of the design and conduct of
basic scientific and clinical research.
LO7 Provide an understanding of good clinical practices and
ethical issues involved in pharmaceutical research.
LO8 Provide basic knowledge to recognize and explain adverse
drug reactions, drug – drug, and food - drug interactions.
LO9 Provide an overview of clinical pharmacotherapy including
pharmacovigilance and medication safety.
Course Contents General pharmacology
Introduction to Pharmacology
Drug discovery and development
Clinical Trials, GCP and ethics
Medicines regulation
Medicines management and concept of essential medicines
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Adverse drug reactions
Anaphylaxis
Drug interactions
Medication errors
Reporting ADRs
Dosage forms
Evaluation of Sources of Drug Information

20
 Autonomic nervous system and Autocoids
Autonomic Nervous System
Parasympathetic system
Sympathetic nervous system
Autocoids
Antimicrobials and Chemotherapy
Principles of antimicrobial treatment
Beta lactam antibiotics
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides, sulphonamides
Quinolones and urinary antiseptics
Antibiotics in combination, newer antibiotics
Antimalarials
Antihelminthics
Antifilarials
Antifungals
Anti-virals
Anti tuberculosis and Leprosy
Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis
Teaching Lectures
/Learning Tutorials
Methods Small group discussions

Assessment Assessment tools : MCQs, BRQs, SEQs

Strategy
For fall back qualifications
Student shall sit for the Pharmacology component of the 4th and 5th
semester examination of the MBBS degree programme

Recommended  Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology. Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM,
reading Flower RJ. Henderson G.
 Clinical Pharmacology. Bennett PN, Brown MJ, Sharma P.

21
 Programme Content
Course duration 01 semester (5th semester)
Course Code PAF3101
Course Name Forensic Medicine
Credit Value 02
Hourly Theory Practical Other learning Independent
Breakdown activities learning
28 - 07 65
Course Aim
Intended On completion of this degree, the student will be able to,
Learning
Outcomes LO1 appreciate the functioning of the medico-legal system in Sri
Lanka
LO2 examine a patient with injuries (basic) for medicolegal
purposes
LO3 fill the relevant documents required to be forwarded to courts
in Sri Lanka
LO4 explain definition of death, types of autopsies and basic
autopsy techniques
LO5 explain post-mortem changes and estimation of time since
death
LO6 explain ethics governing medical practice
LO7 explain the effects of agrochemicals, poisonous plants and
gases on human body

Course Contents Introduction to Forensic Medicine and Injuries

Introduction to forensic medicine
Introduction to Injuries
Basic Injury types
Categorization of hurt
Medico-legal examinations, Medico Legal Examination Form (MLEF)
and Medico Legal Report (MLR)
Injury patterns
Head Injuries
Regional Injuries
Transportation Injuries
Firearm Injuries
Explosive Injuries
Burns and Scalds
Electrocution and Lightening
Death and its Medico-legal Importance
Certification of death
Inquests
Post-mortem examinations
Post-mortem changes and time since death
Sexual Offences, Child abuse, Miscellaneous
Crime scene investigation
Medico-Legal aspects of blood & blood stains
22
 Asphyxial deaths
Drowning
Sudden natural deaths
Legal and Ethical Procedures, Mass Disasters
Court system in Sri Lanka and Expert witness
Medical Ethics
Sri Lanka Medical Council
Medical Negligence
Laws relating to medico-legal practice
Investigation of a mass disaster
Identification of the living and the dead
Toxicology
Introduction to toxicology
Agrochemical poisoning
Plant poisons
Gaseous poisons
Ethyl alcohol intoxication
Metallic poisons
Drugs of abuse
Drug overdose
Corrosive poisons
:

:
Assessment tools: MCQs, BRQs
One continuous assessment will be held at the end of the 5th semester.
Teaching / Lectures
Learning Small group discussions
methods Tutorials
Assessment Assessment tools : MCQs, BRQs, SEQs
Strategy
For fall back qualifications
Student shall sit for the Forensic Medicine component of the 5th
semester examination of the MBBS degree programme

Recommended  Simpsons Forensic Medicine. Payne-James J, Jones R, Manlove J

reading  Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. Reddy K S
Narayan.

23
Linkage between the programme outcome and the subject components

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO1 PO1 PO1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
Anatomy H L M L L L L L M L L M
Biochemistry L H L L L L L L M M L M
Physiology H M H L M L L L M M L M
Microbiology L L L H H L L M L L L H
Parasitology L L L L L H H L L L L M
Public L L L M L M M H M L M H
Health
Pathology H M M M M M L M H M M H
Pharmacolog M M M M M M L L M H L H
y
Forensic H L L L L L L L M L H M
Medicine

On completion of the Higher Diploma in Human Biology the student will

PO1 have acquired knowledge of the structure and functions of the normal human body
and the mechanisms involved in maintaining a healthy life.
PO2 be able to apply the basic science knowledge to understand the diseases at the levels
of whole body, organ, and tissue, cellular and molecular.
PO3 have a basic knowledge of physiological and metabolic processes to explain their
role in health and how abnormalities in them lead to disease.
PO4 have basic knowledge regarding medically important bacteria, viruses, fungi, their
role in causing various infectious diseases, microbiological diagnostic methods and
basic principles in hospital infection prevention.
PO5 be able to understand the structure of the human immune system and how it
generates an effective immune response against pathogens.
PO6 have basic knowledge and skills regarding biological and epidemiological aspects of
medically important parasites of man, diseases caused by the parasites,
pathogenesis, clinical presentation and complications of parasitic diseases,
diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and control of the parasitic diseases .
PO7 have basic knowledge about arthropod vectors that transmit parasitic diseases.
PO8 develop knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to improve individual, family and
community health as well as disease prevention.
PO9 have a basic knowledge of the pathological changes that occur in cells, tissues, blood
and body fluids due to disease.
PO10 provide knowledge on the fundamentals of clinical pharmacology as a translational
scientific discipline focused on rational drug development
PO11 develop adequate knowledge of the medico-legal procedures.
PO12 be able to apply this knowledge in various jobs in the health sector and in higher
education institutes

1
 APPLICATION FORM FOR FALLBACK QUALIFICATION FOR THE
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN HEALTH SCIENCES
GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY

1 1.1 Name of Fallback (English)

Qualification in all Bachelor of Science Degree in Health Sciences
three languages, in
accordance with (Sinhala) ස ෝා ඛ්ය විද්යාව පිළිබඳ විද්යාෝස්දී උපාධිය
SLQF 2015
(Tamil) சுகோதோர அறிவியலில் இளங் கலல
அறிவியல் பட்டம்

1.2 Abbreviated (English) BSc in Health Sciences

qualification
(Fallback
Qualification)
2 Programme Offering Entity
2.1 University General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University

2.2 Faculty/ Faculty of Medicine

Institute
2.3 Department(s) Department of Para-Clinical Sciences
(if applicable)
2.4 Final Senate Date: ………/……. /……………..
Approval for Evidence: Yes ☐No ☐
Fallback (Date of Senate meeting and evidence)
Qualification (Evidence – Please attach as Annex X)

2.5 Final Council Date: ………/……. /……………..

Approval Evidence: Yes ☐No ☐
Fallback (Date of Council meeting and evidence)
Qualification (Evidence – Please attach as Annex X)
3 Objectives of the The objective of this degree is to provide the necessary
Fallback Qualification knowledge, technical skills, competencies and attitudes
regarding health sciences to students who are unsuccessful at
the Final MBBS examination,

a) enabling them to work in the health sector, higher

education institutes and research institutes in non
clinical positions in the health care industry.
b) to pursue graduate or professional school programs

1
4 Programme
Outcomes/ Graduate On completion of the Degree in Health Sciences the student will
Profile of the Fallback
Qualification PO1 have acquired knowledge of the structure and functions of
the normal human body and the mechanisms involved in
maintaining a healthy life.
PO2 have a basic knowledge of physiological and metabolic
processes in order to explain their role in health and how
their abnormalities lead to disease.
PO3 be able to apply basic science knowledge to understand
the diseases at the levels of the whole body, organ, tissue,
cell and molecule.
PO4 have basic knowledge regarding medically important
bacteria, viruses, fungi, their role in causing various
infectious diseases, microbiological diagnostic methods
and basic principles in prevention of hospital infection.
PO5 have a basic knowledge regarding the structure of the
human immune system and how it generates an effective
immune response against pathogens.
PO6 have basic knowledge and skills related to parasitic
diseases prevalent mainly in Sri Lanka and globally.
PO7 have basic knowledge of arthropod vectors that
transmit parasitic diseases.
PO8 develop knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to
improve individual, family and community health as
well as prevention of disease.
PO9 have a basic knowledge of the pathological changes that
occur in cells, tissues, blood and body fluids due to
disease.
PO10 have a basic knowledge regarding drug development,
their therapeutic effects, drug absorption, distribution,
elimination, drug interactions, adverse effects and
measures taken to minimize the harmful effects of drugs.
PO11 develop adequate knowledge of medico-legal
procedures.
5 Programme Duration and Credit Load of the Fallback Qualification

Degree The BSc degree is offered to students who have passed the
Third MBBS Examination ( part I and Part II) and the
components required to complete 90 credits from the contents
of this course but have been unsuccessful at the Final MBBS
examination.

2
6 Programme Structure: This should give details as below
Course Course Name Credit
code Value

Anatomy 18
Biochemistry 12
Physiology 16
Microbiology 04
Parasitology 04
Public Health 12
Pathology 10
Pharmacology 11
Forensic Medicine 04
Total 91
7 Targeted Sri Lanka Qualification Framework (SLQF) Level of the Fallback Qualification
(Please tick √)

SLQF Level 5 SLQF Level 4 SLQF Level 3

(Bachelors) (Higher Diploma) (Diploma)
X
8 Program Assessment Procedure / Rules of the fallback qualification

Students should
complete/pass the 2nd MBBS Examination and Third MBBS Examination (Part I and Part
II)
pass the exit viva-voce examination for the BSc in Health Sciences.

3
 Programme Content
3 semesters
Course duration
Course Code PRA1101
Course Name Anatomy
Credit Value 18
Hourly Breakdown Theory Practical Other Independent
learning learning
activities
(SGDs,
Tutorials)
96 202 78 524
Credits 06 07 05
Course Aim
Intended On completion of this degree, the student will be able to
Learning
Outcomes LO1 describe the basic anatomical concepts.

4
 LO2 explain the organization of the human body.

LO3 explain the body systems.

LO4 describe the cell.

LO5 explain the tissue types.

LO6 explain basic embryology.

LO7 explain basic medical genetics.

Course Contents Basic anatomical concepts
Introduction to anatomy
Histology
Basic Embryology
Genetics
Upper limb and thorax
Structure of the Upper Limb
Structure of the Thorax
Cardiovascular and Respiratory system
Structure of the Cardiovascular System
Structure of the Respiratory System
Abdomen, pelvis and perineum
Structure of the Abdomen
Structure of the Pelvis and Perinium
Gastro intestinal system
Structure of the Gastrointestinal system
Genito urinary system
Structure of the Gastrointestinal system
Lower Limb
Structure of the Lower limb
Head and neck
Structure of the Head and Neck
Central nervous system
Structure of the Central Nervous System
Teaching /Learning Methods:
Lectures, dissections, tutorial, small group discussions and
practicals
Assessment Strategy:
Assessment tools: MCQ, SEQ, Spot, Viva
Should sit for the 3 continuous assessments at the end of semesters
1, 2 and 3 as well as pass the in the 2nd MBBS examination.
Recommended  Cunningham's Manual of Anatomy (Vol - I) G. J. Romanes
reading  Cunningham's Manual of Anatomy (Vol - II)G. J. Romanes
 Cunningham's Manual of Anatomy (Vol - III) G. J.
Romanes
 Clinical Anatomy - Harold Ellis, VishyMahadevan

5
  Wheatear's Function Histology - Barbara Young , James S. Lowe
, Alan Stevens , John W. Heath , Philip J. Deakin
 Human Embryology (2nd Edition) Prof. Malkanthi S.
Chandrasekara
 Grants Atlas - Anne M.R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley Clinical
Neuroanatomy for Medical Students Richard S. Snell
 Basic Medical Genetics - Prof. Rohan W Jayasekara
 Langman's Medical Embryology- T. W. Sadler

Programme
Content
Course duration 3 semesters
Course Code PRB1101
Course Name Biochemistry
Credit Value 12
Hourly Theory Practical Other learning Independent
Breakdown activities (SGDs learning
and tutorials)
125 54 37 384
Credits 08 02 02
Course Aim
Intended Learning On completion of this course, the student will be able to
Outcomes
LO1 describe the important biomolecules found in the
human body and their importance for health.

LO2 explain the basic metabolic pathways, how errors in them

lead
to disease and biochemical principles behind common tests
used in diagnostics.

LO explain the biochemical principles of common tests

used in diagnostics and the abnormalities seen in
laboratory reports in biochemical terms.

LO4 explain the principles of human nutrition,

nutritional requirements and common human
nutritional deficiency diseases.

LO5 explain the basic principles for planning a suitable

healthy diet for normal, obese and diabetic

6
 persons.

LO6 explain the applications of molecular techniques in

disease diagnosis and therapeutics.
Course contents Cell Biochemistry
Cell structure and functions
pH & buffers
Bioenergetics
Free radicals and antioxidants
Hormone action
Cancer and aging
Biomolecules
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Functional Aspects of Proteins
Information transfer
Hemoglobin
Enzymes
Digestion and absorption
Plasma proteins
Metabolism I
Carbohydrate metabolism
Diabetes mellitus
Metabolism II
Protein metabolism
Lipid metabolism
Molecular Medicine
Inborn errors of metabolism
Recombinant DNA technology
Metabolism III
Bilirubin metabolism
Nucleic acid metabolism
Integration of metabolism
Liver metabolism
Nutrition
Food and diets
Vitamins
Micro nutrients
Principles of nutrition
Basic clinical biochemistry
Teaching Lectures, tutorial, SGD and practicals
/Learning Methods
Assessment Assessment tools: MCQ, SEQ, Spot, Viva
Strategy Should sit for the 2 continuous assessments at the end of semesters
1 and 2 as well as pass the 2nd MBBS examination.

7
Recommended  Lippencotts' illustrated Biochemistry, Denise R. Ferrier
reading

Programme
Content
Course duration 3 Semesters
Course Code PRP1101
Course Name Physiology
Credit Value 16
Hourly Theory Practical Other learning Independent
Breakdown activities learning
(SGDs,
Tutorials)
164 44 66 526
Credits 11 01 04
Course Aim
Intended Learning On completion of this course, the student will be able to
Outcomes
LO 1 define basic principles in human physiology.

LO 2 describe sequentially and logically, human physiological

processes.

LO 3 explain using clinical examples, listed disturbances in

human
physiology.
Course Contents General Physiology
Body fluid
Body fluid compartments and their homeostasis
Tissue fluid formation and oedema
Starling forces and their derangements
Dehydration and IV Fluids
Fluid balance and regulation of ECF volume
Homeostasis
Excitable tissues Automomic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system

8
Blood and Immunity
Haemopoiesis and Haemoglobin
Haemostasis, Haemolysis and Jaundice
Blood grouping, Blood transfusion, Rh incompatibility
Anaemias
Cardiovascular physiology
Introduction to CVS
Cardiac Output and BP
Heart sounds and Murmurs
JVP
Cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms
Cardiovascular homeostasis in health and diseases
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Respiratory physiology
Mechanics of Respiration
Gas exchange
Regulation of Respiratory system
Respiratory adjustments in health and disease
Gastrointestinal physiology
Mouth and Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Liver and gall bladder
Renal physiology
Functions of the kidneys
Renal blood flow and renal clearance
Renal regulation of electrolytes
Counter current mechanism
Water balance and diuretics
Micturition
Renal dysfunction
Endocrine physiology
Introduction to endocrine physiology
Hypothalamus and pituitary axis
Pituitary and Pituitary dysfunction
Thyroid and thyroid dysfunction
Adrenal cortex and dysfunction
Adrenal medulla and dysfunction
Endocrine pancreas
Parathyroid gland and calcium metabolism
Reproductive physiology
Male reproductive system
Female reproductive system
Human sexual response
Pregnancy and normal labor
Lactation
Menopause and Andropause
Contraception
9
 Neurophysiology
Introduction to neurophysiology
Sensory nervous system
Motor nervous system
Spinal cord lesions
Cranial nerves
Physiology of taste and smell
Physiology of vision
Physiology of hearing and balance
Physiology of pain
Reflexes – Monosynaptic and polysynaptic
Posture, gait and ataxia
Basal ganglia – Higher cerebral functions
Teaching Lectures, tutorial, SGD and practicals
/Learning Methods
Assessment Assessment tools: MCQ, SEQ, OSPE, Viva
Strategy Should sit for 2 continuous assessments at the end of semesters 1
and 2 as well as pass the 2nd MBBS examination.
Recommended  Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology ,Kim E. Barrett , Susan
reading M. Barman , Scott Boitano , Heddwen Brooks
 Hutchinsons' Clinical Methods,Michael Glynn,William M
Drake

Programme
Content
Course duration Two semesters
Course Code PA
Course Name Microbiology
Credit Value 4
Hourly Theory Practical Other learning Independent
Breakdown activities learning
(tutorials)
138 18 10 126
Credits 03 00 01
Course Aim
10
Intended Learning On completion of this course, the student will
Outcomes
LO1 be able to describe pathogenic microorganisms that
are commonly encountered (bacteria, viruses and
fungi), their habitats, routes of transmission,
pathogenesis and infections they cause.

LO2 have knowledge of microbiological culture methods used to

diagnose common pathogens and be able to advise on
collection and transport of specimens for microbiological
investigations.

LO3 acquire knowledge and skills on staining, microscopic

examination and conducting basic biochemical tests to
identify
common bacteria and fungi.

LO4 have knowledge of the principles of common serological and

molecular diagnostic tests used in diagnosis of medically
Important pathogens.

LO5 acquire knowledge as to how the human immune

system generates an effective immune response against a
specific pathogen.

LO6 be able to state the basic principles of infection prevention

and
control methods used in hospital setup.
.
Course contents General Bacteriology
Introduction to bacteriology
Classification of bacteria, pathogenesis & virulence of bacteria.
Host parasite relationship,
Culture & identification of bacteria
Bacterial genetics
Systemeic Bacteriology
Gram positive cocci
Gram negative cocci
Gram positive bacilli
Gram negative bacilli
Mycobacteria
Spirochetes
Actinomyces/Nocardia
Mycoplasma/Chlamydiae/ Ricketsiae
Anaerobes
11
 Human microbiome and its role

Immunology
Introduction to Immunology & innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
Immune response to bacterial, viral and fungal infections
Active and passive immunity
Immunology – updates and applicability / Antigen and Antibody
testing methods
Virology
Introduction to viruses and their classification
Molecular diagnosis of viral infections
Serological diagnostic methods for viral diagnosis
Mycology
Introduction to Mycology
Superficial, subcutaneous and systemic mycoses
Diagnosis of mycoses
Infection control, disinfection and sterilisation
Hospital Infection Prevention and Control – Basic concepts
Disinfection and sterilization of patient care equipment and
environmental surfaces
Teaching Lectures, tutorial, and practicals
/Learning Methods
Assessment Assessment tools: MCQ, SEQ, Practical exam, OSPE, Viva
Strategy Should sit for the 2 continuous assessments at the end of semesters
4 and 5 as well as pass the Third MBBS Part I Examination.
Recommended  Medical Microbiology by David Greenwood, Richard C.B Slack
reading & John F Peutherer.
 Mims Medical Microbiology by Richard Goering, Hazel
Dockrell, Mark Zukerman, Derek Wakelin, Ivan Roitt, Cedreic
Mims.
 Cellular and molecular immunology by Abbas AK, Lichtman
AH.

12
Programme
Content
Course duration Two semesters
Course Code PA
Course Name Parasitology
Credit Value 4
Hourly Breakdown Theory Practical Other learning Independent
activities learning
(tutorials)
48 12 11 129
Credits 03 00 01
Course Aim
Intended Learning On completion of this course, the student will have acquired
Outcomes
LO1 knowledge regarding human disease causing parasites,
their geographical distribution, life cycle, morphology of
different stages, sources of infection and mode of transmission.

LO2 knowledge about the parasitic diseases, organs /

systems affected, clinical presentation and underlying
pathogenesis.

LO3 knowledge about laboratory diagnosis of

parasitic diseases.

LO4 knowledge about prevention and control of parasitic

disease.

LO5 skills to perform stool examination for intestinal

parasites, blood film examination and rapid diagnostic
methods for malaria and filarial parasites

LO6 knowledge about medically important arthropods

with special reference to those commonly found in Sri Lanka.

LO7 skills to identify the main genera of disease transmitting

mosquitoes and other medically important arthropod vectors

13
 commonly found in Sri Lanka.

Course contents Introduction to parasitology

Intestinal nematodes
Introduction to intestinal nematodes and soil transmitted helminthes
Ascariasis
Anchylostomiasis
Trichuriasis
Strogyloidiasis
Enterobiasis
Tissue nematodes
Introduction to lymphatic filariasis
Life cycle of W bancrofti
Pathology, immunology of LF
Laboratory diagnosis of LF
Mamagement of LF (not drug management)
National programme for elimination of LF
Other important human filarial worms
Zoonotic filarial worms
Protozoology
Introduction to protozology
Intestinal protozans
Amoebiasis
Giardiasis
Cryptosporidiosis
Balantidiasis
Pathogenic free living protozoans
Urogenital protozoans - Trichomoniasis
Blood Protozoans
Introduction to blood protozoans
Trypanosomiasis and global preventive programme for
trypanosomiasis
Leishmaniasis
Toxoplasmosis
Malaria
Introduction
LF of malaria parasite
Features of malaria
Pathophysiology and immunity to malaria
Laboratory diagnosis of malaria
National programme to eliminate malaria

14
 Medically important arthropods/Entomology
Mosquitoes
Scabies and mite related diseases
Dipterous Flies of medical importance and Myiasis
Fleas
Ticks
Lice
Vector control methods
Teaching /Learning Lectures, tutorial, and practicals
Methods
Assessment Assessment tools: MCQ, SEQ, Practical exam, OSPE, Viva
Strategy Should sit for the 2 continuous assessments at the end of semesters 4
and 5 as well as pass the Third MBBS Part I Examination.
Recommended  Mansons Tropical Medicine by G. C Cook, Iz Alimuddin.
reading  Medical Parasitology by D R Arora. Brijbala Arora.
 Parasites of Man by S J Edirisinghe.

15
Programme Content
Course duration 4 semesters
Course Code PAC3101
Course Name Public Health
Credit Value 12
Hourly Breakdown Theory Practical Other learning Independent
activities learning
147 - 36 417
Credits
Course Aim 10 - 02
Intended Learning On completion of this course, the student will be able to,
Outcomes
LO1 acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes to assess health status
of communities and families, plan and implement
appropriate promotive, preventive, curative, and
rehabilitative
measures within the social, religious, cultural and economic
milieu in the community.

LO2 communicate effectively with the community and health care

team for health promotion and disease prevention in order to
improve health and prevent disease.

LO3 acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes to provide promotive,

preventive, curative and rehabilitative care to fulfill the health
needs of the individual, family and community with

16
 responsibility.

LO4 apply the principles and concepts of epidemiology and

statistics
and carry out research, describe health issues, assess health
status of the community and determine the effects of health
interventions in the community.

LO5 plan, conduct and report research using a scientific and

systematic approach to develop skills of critical thinking,
logical
reasoning and appraisal of medical evidence.

LO6 demonstrate qualities of a healthcare professional who applies

ethical principles in public health, in conducting
research and in one’s personal life.

LO7 develop commitment to educate the family and community to

promote health and prevent disease.

LO8 acquire knowledge of the health care delivery system in Sri

Lanka, public health control programmes and the relevant
legal
framework.

LO9 develop appropriate attitudes towards personal and

professional development through reflective practice and life-
long learning.
Course Contents Epidemiology
Introductory epidemiology
Measures of central tendency and dispersion
Organizing epidemiological data
Frequency measures used in epidemiology
Public health surveillance
Investigation of an outbreak
Biostatistics
Statistical principles and methods
Biostatistics
Medical record systems
Healthcare Delivery Systems and Demography
Concepts of health
Disease prevention and primary health care
Healthcare systems in sri Lanka
Determinants of health
Vital statistics
17
 Demographic transition
Demographic issues
Communicable and Non Communicable Disease Epidemiology
Communicable disease epidemiology
Notifiable diseases and the notification system
Expanded programme on immunisation
Disease campaigns
Non communicable disease epidemiology
Maternal and Child Health
Maternal and Child Health
Family Planning
Environmental and Occupational Health
Environmental health
Occupational health
Behavioural Sciences, Management and Nutrition
Communication principles
Health communication
Communication skills
Management principles
Behavior change theories
Adult education principles
Medical anthropology
Medical sociology
Health promotion
Behaviour change communication
Community participation
Public health nutrition
Disaster management
Health economics
Reaserch Project
Research methodology
Conduct a research and submit the report for evaluation.
Teaching /Learning Methods:
Lectures, tutorial, small group discussions.
Assessment Strategy:
Assessment tools: MCQ, SEQ,OSCE/ OSPE, Viva
Should sit for the 3 continuous assessments at the end of semesters
4, 5 and 6 as well as pass the 3rd MBBS Part II Examination.
Recommended  Basic Epidemiology. Beaglehole R, Bonita R &Kjellstrom T
reading  Parks text book of Preventive and Social Medicine. Park K.
 An introduction to medical statistics. Bland M

18
Programme Content
Course duration 4 semesters
Course Code PAT2201
Course Name Pathology
Credit Value 10
Hourly Breakdown Theory Practical Other learning Independent
activities learning
(tutorials)
130 15 23 332
Credits 09 00 01
Course Aim
Intended Learning On completion of this course, the student will be able to,
Outcomes
LO1 demonstrate a disease related vocabulary.

LO2 describe the cellular responses to stress and injury.

LO3 describe the macroscopic and microscopic changes in

tissue
that occur due to the disease process.

19
 LO4 briefly explain the basics of carcinogenesis,

LO5 describe the morphological features of benign and

malignant tumours.

LO6 describe alterations observed in plasma and body fluids

in common systemic disorders.

LO7 describe the mechanisms of common disease processes

involving the blood cells (red cells, white cells, platelets)
and the coagulation system.

LO8 describe the principles of test requisition, patient

preparation, sample collection and transport
requirements
related to histopathological, common haematological and
biochemical investigations.

Course Contents General pathology

Introduction to pathology
Acute inflammation
Chronic inflammation
Cellular adaptations
Cell injury and cell death
Wound healing
Hyperaemia, and congestion
Thrombosis and embolism
Ischaemia and infarction
Pathological calcification
Pathological pigmentation
Amyloidosis
Neoplasia
Introduction to neoplasia
Carcinogenesis
Tumour nomenclature
Clinical manifestations and the laboratory diagnosis
of tumours
Respiratory and Cardiovascular Pathology
Pneumonia
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Obstructive pulmonary disease
Restrictive airways disease
Lung tumours
Other lung disorders
Vascular pathology
Ischaemic heart disease
20
Hypertensive heart disease
Congenital heart disease
Cardiomyopathies
Myocarditis
Endocarditis
Rheumatic heart disease
Chemical Pathology
Introduction to chemical pathology
Disorders of water and electrolytes
Disorders of acid base balance
Diabetes mellitus
Disorders of lipid metabolism
Plasma proteins and enzymes
Biochemical investigations for liver disorders
Biochemical investigations for renal disorders
Disorders of calcium and phosphate metabolism
Disorders of the pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands
GIT, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Pathology
Disorders of the oesophagus
Non neoplastic disorders of the stomach
Neoplastic disorders of the stomach
Inflammatory bowel disease
Malabsorption syndromes
Diverticular disease
Developmental anomalies of the intestine
Appendicitis
Infectious disease of the intestine
Neoplasms of the small and large intestine
Introduction to liver pathology
Alcoholic liver disease
Non alcoholic fatty liver disease
Metabolic liver diseases
Circulatory disturbances of the liver
Tumours of the liver
Pathology of the biliary system
Pathology of the pancreas
Haematology
Introduction to haematology
Overview of anaemia
Iron metabolism and hypochromic microcytic anaemia
Macrocytic anaemia
Haemolytic anaemia
Haemoglobinopathy
Bone marrow failure and aplastic anaemia
Myeloproliferative disorders, leukaemia and myeloma
Bleeding disorders and thrombosis
Transfusion medicine
Renal pathology, Pathology of the Female Genital Tract and Male
Genital Tract
21
 Introduction to renal pathology
Acute and chronic pyelonephritis
Glomerular diseases
Cystic diseases of the kidney
Renal stones and hydronephrosis
The kidney in hypertension and diabetes
Tumours of the urinary system
Cervical pathology
Uterine pathology
Ovarian pathology
Gestational trophoblastic disease
Pathology of the prostate
Pathology of the testis
Pathology of the Central nervous system, Thyroid, Breast, Bone
and Reticuloendothelial system
Intra crainial haemorrhages and infarctions
Infections of the CNS
Tumours of the CNS
Common thyroid pathology
Ommon Breast pathology
Common bone pathology
Pathology of the lymph node
Teaching /Learning Methods:
Lectures, dissections, tutorial, and practicals
Self learning using Museum specimens and teaching aids.
Assessment Strategy:
Assessment tools: MCQ, SEQ, OSPE, Viva
Should sit for the 3 continuous assessments at the end of semesters
4, 5 and 6 as well as pass the 3rd MBBS Part II Examination.
Recommended  Basic Pathology. CotronR, Kumar V, Robbins SL
reading  Essential Haematology,HoffbrandAV, Pettit JE, Moss PAH.
 Clinical Chemistry. Marshall WJ, Bangert SK.

Programme Content
Course duration 4 semesters
Course Code PAP 3101
Course Name Pharmacology
Credit Value 11
Hourly Breakdown Theory Practical Other learning Independent
activities learning
(tutorials, SGD)
127 - 45 378
Credits 08 - 03
Course Aim
Intended Learning On completion of this course, the student will be able to,
Outcomes

22
 LO1 describe the basic principles of clinical pharmacology.

LO2 describe the basic principles of pharmacokinetics.

LO3 explain adverse drug reactions, drug – drug,

and food - drug interactions.

LO4 explain the importance of the essential medicines list

(EML), its specific uses.

LO5 State the processes and ethical issues involved in

pharmaceutical research.

LO6 describe and explain the chemistry, pharmacokinetics,

Pharmacodynamics of commonly used medicines in the
EML.
Course Contents General pharmacology
Introduction to Pharmacology
Drug discovery and development
Clinical Trials, GCP and ethics
Medicines regulation
Medication adherence, compliance and concordance
Medicines management and concept of essential medicines
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Adverse drug reactions
Anaphylaxis
Drug interactions
Medication errors
Reporting ADRs
Dosage forms
Evaluation of Sources of Drug Information
Autonomic nervous system and Autocoids
Autonomic Nervous System
Parasympathetic system
Sympathetic nervous system
Autocoids
Antimicrobials and Chemotherapy
Principles of antimicrobial treatment
Beta lactam antibiotics
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides, sulphonamides
Quinolones and urinary antiseptics
Antibiotics in combination, newer antibiotics
23
Antimalarials
Antihelminthics
Antifilarials
Antifungals
Anti-virals
Anti tuberculosis and Leprosy
Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis
Cardiovascular system Pharmacology
Introduction to drugs used in cardiovascular disease
Beta blockers,
Alpha blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Nitrates
Drugs acting on the renin angiotensin system
Antiarrythmics
Lipid lowering drugs
Diuretics
Anitcoagulants, Antiplatelet and thrombolytic agents
Drugs in acute and chronic heart failure
Respiratory Pharmacology
Drugs used for management of asthma and COPD
Cough syrups and antihistamines
Gastrointestinal System
Emetics and Anti-emetics
Drugs in treatment of peptic ulcer disease
ORS and Intravenous fluids
Prokinetics, laxatives and anti-diarrhoeals
Anaemia and the Haemopoietic System
Drugs used in anaemia, Vit B12, Folate and Iron therapy
Drugs affecting the haematopoietic system
Vitamins
Musculoskeletal System
Paracetamol & Cox 2 inhibitors, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs)
Disease Modifying anti rheumatic drugs
Endocrine Pharmacology
Introduction to endocrine pharmacology and principles of
Hormone Rreplacement Therapy
Disorders of hypothalamus, Anterior and Posterior Pitiutary
Thyroid & anti-thyroid drugs
Adrenal cortex- Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids
Drugs in bone disorders- Parathyroid, Calcium an phosphate
homeostasis
Vitamin D
Drugs used in Diabetes, Insulin
Oral hypoglycemic agents
Steroids
Oestrogens and Oral Contraceptive Pills
Hormone Replacement Therapy
24
 Androgens and drugs for erectile dysfuction
Drugs acting on the uterus, tocolytics
Drugs used in Dermatology, ENT and Eye
Drugs used in Dermatology
Drugs used in Diseases of Eye, Ear and Nose
Drugs used in the Central Nervous System
Introduction to drugs used in CNS disorders
Local anesthetics
General anesthetics
Drugs used in motor disorders – Drugs in Parkinson’s Disease,
drugs for spaticity
Drugs used in epilepsy
Opioid analgesics
Drugs used for depression
Drugs used for bipolar disorders
Antipsychotics
Drugs used in anxiety and sleep disorders
Psychostimulants
Ethanol & alcohol
Teaching /Learning Methods:
Lectures, tutorial, small group discussions.
Assessment Strategy:
Assessment tools: MCQ, SEQ, OSPE, Viva
Should sit for the 3 continuous assessments at the end of semesters
4, 5 and 6 as well as pass the 3rd MBBS Part II Examination.
Recommended  Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology. Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM,
reading Flower RJ. Henderson G.
 Clinical Pharmacology. Bennett PN, Brown MJ, Sharma P.

Programme Content
Course duration 3 semesters
Course Code PAF3101
Course Name Forensic Medicine
Credit Value 4
Hourly Breakdown Theory Practical Other learning Independent
activities learning
61 - 09 130
Credits 04 - 00
Course Aim
Intended Learning On completion of this course, the student will be able to,
Outcomes
LO1 appreciate the functioning of the medico-legal

25
 system in Sri Lanka.

LO2 make observations at post- mortem examinations.

LO3 identify injuries according to their severity.

LO5 identify common poisons.

LO7 observe the ethics governing the medical practice.

LO8 develop personal attributes of compassion, honesty and

integrity in relationships with colleagues, families,
communities and the medical profession.

Course Contents Introduction to Forensic Medicine and Injuries

Introduction to forensic medicine
Introduction to injuries
Basic injury types
Categorization of hurt
The MLEF and MLR
Injury patterns
Head injuries
Regional injuries
Transportation injuries
Firearm injuries
Explosive injuries
Burns and scalds
Electrocution and lightening
Death and its Medico-legal Importance
Basic knowledge regarding inquests
Post-mortem changes and time since death.
Legal and Ethical Procedures, Mass Disasters
Court system in Sri Lanka and Expert witness
Medical Ethics
Sri Lanka Medical Council
Medical Negligence
Laws relating to medico-legal practice
Investigation of a mass disaster
Identification of the living and the dead
Toxicology
Introduction to toxicology
Agrochemical poisoning
Plant poisons
Gaseous poisons
Ethyl alcohol intoxication
Metallic poisons
Drugs of abuse

26
 Drug overdose
Corrosive poisons
Teaching /Learning Methods:
Lectures, dissections, tutorial and small group discussions
Assessment Strategy:
Assessment tools: MCQ, SEQ, OSPE, Viva
Should sit for 3 continuous assessments at the end of semesters 5
and 6 and 7 as well as pass the 3rd MBBS Part II Examination.
Recommended  Simpsons Forensic Medicine. Payne-James J, Jones R, Manlove J
reading  Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. Reddy K S
Narayan.

Linkage between Programme outcomes and Subjects

Programme Outcomes
Subjects PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11
Anatomy H L L L L L L L L L L
Physiology L H L L M L L L L L L
Biochemistry L L H L L L L L L L L
Microbiology L L L H H L L M M L L
Parasitology L L L L L H H L M M L
Public Health L L L M L M M H L L L
Pathology H H H L M L L M H L L
Pharmacology L H M M M M L L L H L
Forensic H L L L L L L L M L H
Medicine

Programme outcomes

PO1 have acquired knowledge of the structure and functions of the normal human body
and the mechanisms involved in maintaining a healthy life.

PO2 have a basic knowledge of physiological and metabolic processes in order to explain
their role in health and how their abnormalities lead to disease.

PO3 be able to apply basic science knowledge to understand the diseases at the levels of
the whole body, organ, tissue, cell and molecule.

PO4 have basic knowledge regarding medically important bacteria, viruses, fungi, their

27
 role in causing various infectious diseases, microbiological diagnostic methods
and basic principles in prevention of hospital infection.

PO5 have a basic knowledge regarding the structure of the human immune system and
how it generates an effective immune response against pathogens.

PO6 have basic knowledge and skills related to parasitic diseases prevalent mainly in Sri
Lanka and globally.

PO7 have basic knowledge of arthropod vectors that transmit parasitic diseases.

PO8 develop knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to improve individual, family and
community health as well as prevention of disease.

PO9 have a basic knowledge of the pathological changes that occur in cells, tissues, blood
and body fluids due to disease.

PO10 have a basic knowledge regarding drug development, their therapeutic effects, drug
absorption, distribution, elimination, drug interactions, adverse effects and
measures taken to minimize the harmful effects of drugs.

PO11 develop adequate knowledge of medico-legal procedures.

28
 CQA-KDU

APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL OF FALL-BACK QUALIFICATION FOR AN

EXISTING UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAMMME AT
GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY

1 1.1 Name of Fallback (English)

Qualification in all Diploma in Human Biology
three languages, in
accordance with (Sinhala) මානව ජීව විද්යාාා ඩිප්ල ෝා මාව
SLQF 2015
(Tamil) மனித உயிரியலில் டிப்ளமமமோ

1.2 Abbreviated (English) Dip (Human Biology)

qualification
(Fallback
Qualification)
2 Programme Offering Entity
2.1 University General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University

2.2 Faculty/ Faculty of Medicine

Institute
2.3 Department(s) Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences
(if applicable)
2.4 Final Senate Date: ………/……. /……………..
Approval for Evidence: Yes ☐No ☐
Fallback (Date of Senate meeting and evidence)
Qualification (Evidence – Please attach as Annex X)

2.5 Final Council Date: ………/……. /……………..

Approval Evidence: Yes ☐No ☐
Fallback (Date of Board of Management meeting and evidence)
Qualification (Evidence – Please attach as Annex X)
3 Objectives of the The objective of this diploma is to provide students who
Fallback Qualification completed the 2nd MBBS course but were unable to meet the
requirements to pass the 2nd MBBS examination, the necessary
knowledge, technical skills and competencies in Human
Biology to work in the health sector, higher education institutes
and research institutes.

4 Programme
Outcomes/ Graduate On completion of the Diploma in Human Biology, the student
Profile of the Fallback will
Qualification
PO1 have acquired knowledge of the structure and functions of
the normal human body and the mechanisms involved in
1
 CQA-KDU
maintaining a healthy life.
PO2 have basic knowledge ofphysiological and metabolic
processes to explain their role in health and how
abnormalities in them lead to disease.
PO3 be able to apply the basic science knowledge to
comprehend the diseases at the levels of whole body,
organ, and tissue, cellular and molecular level.
PO4 be able to apply the knowledge of human biology in
various jobs in the health sector and higher education
institutes.
5 Programme Duration and Credit Load of the Fallback Qualification

Diploma Duration: 1 1/2 yrs.

During the three semesters a student would have completed the
second MBBS programme and the curriculum contents required
to complete 30 credits.
Course work: 30 credits
Total Credits: 30
6 Programme Structure: This should give details as below
Course Course Name Credit
code Value

PRA1115 Anatomy I 12
PRA1214 Anatomy II
PRA2113 Anatomy III
PRB1114 Biochemistry I 08
PRB1212 Biochemistry II
PRB2112 Biochemistry III
PRP1114 Physiology I 10
PRP1214 Physiology II
PRP2112 Physiology III
Total 30
7 Targeted Sri Lanka Qualification Framework (SLQF) Level of the Fallback Qualification
(Please tick √)
SLQF Level 5 SLQF Level 4 SLQF Level 3
(Bachelors) (Higher Diploma) (Diploma)
√
8 Program Assessment Procedure/Rules of the fallback qualification

Assessment tools:
Anatomy: MCQ, SEQ, Spot and Viva
Biochemistry: MCQ, SEQ, OSPE and Viva
Physiology: BRQ, MRQ,SEQ, OSPE and Viva

For fallback qualification a student should obtain an aggregate mark of 40% or above
in the 2nd MBBS examination in all three subjects , Anatomy, Biochemistry and
Physiology subject to a minimum 40% of each subject at any attempt irrespective of
the marks secured from each component and should pass an exit viva conducted by
the Department of Pre Clinical Sciences.
2
CQA-KDU

Programme Content
Course duration 3 semesters
Course Name Anatomy
Credit Value 12
Hourly Breakdown Theory Practical Other learning Independent
activities learning
92 150 31 327
5 credits 5 credits 2 credits
Course Aim
Intended Learning On completion of this diploma, the student will be able to,
Outcomes LO1 describe the basic anatomical concepts
Semester 1 LO2 explain the organization of the human body
Course code: LO3 explain the body systems
PRA1115 LO4 describe the cell
LO5 explain the tissue types
LO6 explain basic embryology
LO7 explain basic medical genetics
Basic anatomical concepts
Introduction to anatomy
Histology
Basic Embryology
Genetics
Upper limb and thorax
Structure of the Upper Limb
Structure of the Thorax
Cardiovascular and Respiratory system
Semester 2 Structure of the Cardiovascular System
Course code: Structure of the Respiratory System
PRA1214 Abdomen, pelvis and perineum
Structure of the Abdomen
Structure of the Pelvis and Perinium
Gastro intestinal system
Structure of the Gastrointestinal system
Genito urinary system
Structure of the genito urinary system
Lower Limb
Structure of the Lower limb
Head and neck
Semester 3 Structure of the Head and Neck
Course code: Central nervous system
PRA2113 Structure of the Central Nervous System
Teaching /Learning Lectures, dissections, tutorials, small group discussions and practicals
Methods:
Assessment Strategy: Assessment tools:
An aggregate mark MCQ – 50 questions – 3 hours
of 40% should be SEQ – 6 questions – 3 hours
obtained. Spot – 50 questions
Viva -10 minutes
Recommended  Cunningham's Manual of Anatomy (Vol - I) G. J. Romanes

3
CQA-KDU
reading  Cunningham's Manual of Anatomy (Vol - II)G. J. Romanes
 Cunningham's Manual of Anatomy (Vol - III) G. J. Romanes
 Clinical Anatomy - Harold Ellis, VishyMahadevan
 Wheatear's Function Histology - Barbara Young , James S. Lowe ,
Alan Stevens , John W. Heath , Philip J. Deakin
 Human Embryology (2nd Edition) Prof. Malkanthi S.
Chandrasekara
 Grants Atlas - Anne M.R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley Clinical
Neuroanatomy for Medical Students Richard S. Snell
 Basic Medical Genetics - Prof. Rohan W Jayasekara
 Langman's Medical Embryology- T. W. Sadler
Linkage between Learning Outcomes (LOs) and Program outcomes (POs)
POs
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4
LO1 H M M L
LO2 H L L M
LO3 M L L L
LOs

LO4 M M L M
LO5 H M M L
LO6 L L L M
LO7 L L L M
H: high M: medium L : Low

4
CQA-KDU

Programme Content
Course duration 3 Semesters
Course Name Biochemistry
Credit Value 8
Hourly Breakdown Theory Practical Other learning Independent
activities learning
86 30 26 258
6 credits 1 credit 1 credit
Course Aim
Intended Learning On completion of this course, the student will be able to
Outcomes
LO 1 describe the biomolecules found in the human body and their
importance for health.
LO 2 explain the metabolic pathways and their role in life, how
errors in them lead to disease and biochemical principles
behind common tests used in diagnostics.
LO 3 explain the principles of human nutrition, nutritional
requirements and common human nutritional deficiency
diseases.
Course Contents Cell Biochemistry
Cell structure and functions
Semester 1 pH & buffers
Course code: Bioenergetics
PRB1114 Hormone action
Biomolecules
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Functional Aspects of Proteins
Information transfer
Hemoglobin
Enzymes
Digestion and absorption
Plasma proteins
Semester 2 Metabolism I
Course code: Carbohydrate metabolism
PRB1212 Lipid metabolism
Metabolism II
Protein metabolism
Nucleic acid metabolism
Semester 3 Nutrition
Course code: Vitamins
PRB2112 Principles of nutrition
Basic clinical biochemistry

Teaching /Learning Lectures, tutorials and practicals

Methods
Assessment Strategy: Assessment tools:
An aggregate mark MCQ – 40 questions – 2 hours
of 40% should be SEQ – 6 questions – 3 hours
5
CQA-KDU
obtained. OSPE – 20 questions
Viva -10 minutes

Recommended Lippencotts' illustrated Biochemistry, Denise R. Ferrier

reading
Linkage between Learning Outcomes (LOs) and Program outcomes (POs)
POs
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4
LO1 H M M M
LOs

LO2 H H H H
LO3 H H H H

H: high M: medium L : Low

6
CQA-KDU
Programme Content
Course duration 3 Semesters
Course Name Physiology
Credit Value 10
Hourly Breakdown Theory Practical Other learning Independent
activities learning
104 54 30 312
7 credits 2 credits 1 credit
Course Aim
Intended Learning On completion of this course, the student will be able to
Outcomes
LO 1 define basic principles in human physiology.
LO 2 describe sequentially and logically, human physiological
processes.
LO 3 explain using clinical examples, listed disturbances in human
physiology.
Course Contents General Physiology
Semester 1 Body fluids
Course code: Body fluid compartments and their homeostasis
PRP1114 Tissue fluid formation and oedema
Starling forces and their derangements
Dehydration and IV Fluids
Fluid balance and regulation of ECF volume
Homeostasis
Autonomic Nervous System
Blood and Immunity
Haemopoiesis and Haemoglobin
Haemostasis, Haemolysis and Jaundice
Blood grouping, Blood transfusion, Rh incompatibility
Anaemias
Cardiovascular physiology
Introduction to CVS
Cardiac Output and BP
Heart sounds and Murmurs
JVP
Cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms
Cardiovascular homeostasis in health and diseases
Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Respiratory physiology
Mechanics of Respiration
Gas exchange
Regulation of Respiratory system
Respiratory adjustments in health and disease
Semester 2 Gastrointestinal physiology
Course code: Mouth and Oesophagus
PRP1214 Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Liver and gall bladder

7
CQA-KDU
Renal physiology
Functions of the kidneys
Renal blood flow and renal clearance
Renal regulation of electrolytes
Counter current mechanism
Water balance and diuretics
Micturition
Renal dysfunction

Endocrine physiology
Introduction to endocrine physiology
Hypothalamus and pituitary axis
Pituitary and Pituitary dysfunction
Thyroid and thyroid dysfunction
Adrenal cortex and dysfunction
Adrenal medulla and dysfunction
Endocrine pancreas
Parathyroid gland and calcium metabolism
Reproductive physiology
Male reproductive system
Female reproductive system
Human sexual response
Pregnancy and normal labor
Lactation
Menopause and Andropause
Contraception
Semester 3 Neurophysiology
Course code: Introduction to neurophysiology
PRP2112 Sensory nervous system
Motor nervous system
Spinal cord lesions
Cranial nerves
Physiology of taste and smell
Physiology of vision
Physiology of hearing and balance
Physiology of pain
Reflexes – Monosynaptic and polysynaptic
Posture, gait and ataxia
Basal ganglia – Higher cerebral functions
Teaching /Learning Lectures, tutorials and practicals
Methods
Assessment Strategy: Assessment tools:
An aggregate mark MCQ(BRQ/MRQ) – 60 questions – 3 hours
of 40% should be SEQ – 5 questions – 3 hours
obtained. OSPE – 25 questions
Viva -10 minutes

Recommended  Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology ,Kim E. Barrett , Susan M.

reading Barman , Scott Boitano , Heddwen Brooks
 Hutchinsons' Clinical Methods,Michael Glynn,William M Drake

8
CQA-KDU

Linkage between Learning Outcomes (LOs) and Program outcomes (POs)

POs
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4
LO1 H H H M
LOs

LO2 H H H M
LO3 H H H M

H: high M: medium L : Low