CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY I - QSD132
SYLLABUS CONTENT
TOPIC 1 - OVERVIEW OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
TOPIC 2 - BUILDING TRADES AND ELEMENTS
TOPIC 3 - SITE AND SOIL INVESTIGATIONS
TOPIC 4 - SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
TOPIC 5 - WALL – BRICKWORK, BLOCKWORK & MASONRY
TOPIC 6 - CONSTRUCTION PLANT & MACHINERIES
-TOPIC 1-
OVERVIEW OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY (C.I)
- Introduction
- Important of Construction Industry
- Characteristics of Construction Industry
- Problem faced in Construction Industry
PARTIES INVOLVED IN CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
ROLES OF DESIGN TEAM
ROLES OF QUANTITY SURVEYOR (QS)
CLASIFICATION OF THE BUILDINGS AND CIVIL WORKS
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
By:
Norbaizura bt Abu Bakar
WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY??
Introduction
Comprising the general construction of the building or
structure (e.g: build, erection, repair, demolition,
refurbishment etc);
and involve numerous parties, various processes, different
special trade works
Plays important role in the overall economy growth (Malaysia
economy)
Also plays its role in helping other sectors as well (e.g
manufacturing, agriculture, mining & quarrying and services)
Why We Need Construction
Industry??
Why We Need Construction
Industry?
To provide buildings and
infrastructures for public
used
To full the people needs
such houses, offices,
shopping complex,
factories, roads, bridge etc.
The Importance of Construction
Industry
1. Enables Others Industries
Development
Any activities in construction industry will create
and stimulate the other industry activities
e.g:
Manufacturing activities – produce ceramic
tiles, bricks etc.
Mining & Quarrying activities – produce
cement, sand etc.
The Importance of Construction
Industry (Cont’d)
2. Living and Quality of Life
Transportation Infrastructure such as
highways, roads for public used
Educational Institutions such as schools,
universities for education growth
Living and Accommodation such as housing,
shops etc.
The Importance of Construction
Industry (Cont’d)
3. Growth National Economy
Contributes a sizeable portion of the gross
national product (GNP)
Plays important role in the overall economy
growth
More of construction activities – growth of
development of the country
The Importance of Construction
Industry (Cont’d)
Figure 1: GDP Growth of The Malaysian Economy vs. Construction Industry: 1974 - 2004
(Sources: Construction Industry Review 1999-2000, CIDB, Emst & Young Analysis)
Characteristics of Construction
Industry
1. Size of Construction Industry in National
Economy
Governments recognise the important roles in
construction industry for economic growth
Employs a significant no. of the working population
Living, accommodation and transportation – the basic
necessities of modern life
Produce land and buildings to generate other
industrial sectors
Characteristics of Construction
Industry (Cont’d)
2. Government as a Major Client
The dominant client for social projects such
as schools, hospitals
Also finance infrastructure projects such as
highways, airports, bridges etc.
Provide facilities and accommodations to
public
Characteristics of Construction
Industry (Cont’d)
3. Organisations & Participants
Involve numerous parties that have specialised
expertise and diverse responsibilities
Larger project – greater no. of diverse skills
Characteristics of Construction
Industry (Cont’d)
4. Technology Development
Innovation through R&D (Research & Development)
initiative
Produce new construction techniques, strategic
construction management, machineries &
equipment, high quality construction materials
Problem Faced In Construction
Industry
Problem Faced In Construction
Industry
Lack of manpower
Lack of understanding between project team
members
Quality of productivity
Project delay
Inadequate research into the construction industry’s
problems
-TOPIC 1-
OVERVIEW OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY (C.I)
- Introduction
- Important of Construction Industry
- Characteristics of Construction Industry
- Problem faced in Construction Industry
PARTIES INVOLVED IN CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
ROLES OF DESIGN TEAM
ROLES OF QUANTITY SURVEYOR (QS)
CLASIFICATION OF THE BUILDINGS AND CIVIL WORKS
PARTIES INVOLVED IN CONSTRUCTION
PROCESS
By:
Norbaizura bt Abu Bakar
WHO PARTIES INVOLVED IN
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS??
Various Sector in Construction
Industry
OWNER/
DEVELOPER
SECTOR
CONSULTANT
MANPOWER SECTOR
SECTOR
THE
CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY APPROVING
MATERIAL & AUTHORITIES
EQUIPMENT
SUPPLIER
SECTOR
FINANCING
CONTRACTOR SECTOR
SECTOR
Various Sector in Construction
Industry
CLIENT/OWNER/DEVELOPER
Divided into 2 sector;
Public Sector – government which provides the services
for the public
e.g: JKR, Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh, etc.
Private Sector – developer/personal client which focus on
profits
e.g: MRCB Berhad, IJM Properties, etc.
provide the idea, money, make a development, appoint
the consultant, select the contractor for their project.
Various Sector in Construction
Industry
CONSULTANT
Plan and design the project based on client requirement
Prepare tender document, give the advice on the
contract, supervise, and manage the construction
contract
Consist of : Planner
Architect
Engineer
Quantity Surveyor
Land Surveyor
Interior Architect
Other Specialist
Various Sector in Construction
Industry
CONTRACTOR SECTOR
Interpret the actual or physical construction project from
the drawing and specification to the real building
Build the building based on agreed time, cost and quality
in the contract between the client and contractor
Consist of : Main Contractor
Nominated Sub-Contractor
Domestic Sub-Contractor
Various Sector in Construction
Industry
MATERIAL & EQUIPMENT SUPPLIER SECTOR
Supplies the machine or equipment and other
construction materials to contractor
Consist of : Nominated Supplier (NS)
Manufacturers of Construction Materials
Manufacturers of Construction Equipments
Importers of Construction Materials
Importers of Construction Equipments
Distributors of Construction Materials
Distributors of Construction Equipments
Various Sector in Construction
Industry
MANPOWER SECTOR
Provides construction labour in various stages in
cosntruction project
Consist of : Unskilled labours
Semi-skilled labours
Skilled labours
Technicians
Technologist
Various Sector in Construction
Industry
FINANCE SECTOR
The loan and finance facilities to various sector in
construction industry
Consist of : Bank
Finance Companies
Credit Corporations
Leasing Companies
Various Sector in Construction
Industry
APRROVING SECTOR
The local authority to approve any construction project
that follow the requirement, guidance, law and regulation
provided
Approve any development planning, building plan,
infrastructure facilities and payment
Consist of : Local Government
State Government
Federal Government
-TOPIC 1-
OVERVIEW OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY (C.I)
- Introduction
- Important of Construction Industry
- Characteristics of Construction Industry
- Problem faced in Construction Industry
PARTIES INVOLVED IN CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
ROLES OF DESIGN TEAM
ROLES OF QUANTITY SURVEYOR (QS)
CLASIFICATION OF THE BUILDINGS AND CIVIL WORKS
DESIGN TEAM
By:
Norbaizura bt Abu Bakar
WHICH SECTOR?
OWNER/
DEVELOPER
SECTOR
CONSULTANT
MANPOWER SECTOR
SECTOR
THE
CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY APPROVING
MATERIAL & AUTHORITIES
EQUIPMENT
SUPPLIER
SECTOR
FINANCING
CONTRACTOR SECTOR
SECTOR
Design Team
OWNER/
CONTRACTOR
DEVELOPER/
CLIENT
ARCHITECT ENGINEER QUANTITY OTHER
SURVEYOR SPECIALISTS DESIGN
TEAM
LANDSCAPE LAND INTERIOR
ARCHITECT SURVEYOR ARCHITECT
Architect
Professional person in architecture and register under
Architect Act 1967.
Get a brief of the project from the client.
Liaise with other design team on design arrangement, scope
of works.
Design and provide the plans for authorities approval.
Make site investigation/feasibility study and advise the client
on feasibility of proposals within the client budget.
Provide the detail drawing and specification for approval and
quantity surveyor.
Give an instruction and variation order (V.O) to the contractor
during construction.
Certify the interim certificate monthly
Engineer
It can be;
- Civil & Structural Engineer
- Mechanical & Electrical Engineer
Register under Engineer Act 1967.
Design and provide the plans for authority approval.
Supervise the engineering works from the beginning until the
completion of the works.
Advise the architect regarding the best and economic method
that can be used in the construction works.
Provide the detail drawing based on architect design.
Provide specification and calculation for design.
During construction, give an instruction and variation order
(V.O) to the contractor.
Check quality of works and materials used on site.
Land Surveyor
Register with Institute Surveyor Malaysia (ISM)
Involved in mapping and surveying the land to determine the
platform level of the building, exact boundaries line for
construction.
Establishing the positions and shapes to produce
topographical maps.
Involved in early stage of project.
Advise Architect and Engineer on level of building and
boundaries line.
Quantity Surveyor
Register with Institute Surveyor Malaysia (ISM) and Board of Quantity
Surveyor Malaysia (BQSM)
Pre-Contract Stage;
Advise the Client how to manage and control the budget.
Client will inform the QS the budget of the proposed project and
preparing estimate based on Architect and Engineer drawings.
Preparing bill of quantities and produce tendering documentation.
Advice more in procurement and contractual.
Preparing tender evaluation
Advise to the Client on the successful contractor.
Post Contract Stage;
Do a site valuation for preparing interim payment
Preparing document contract
Measuring and valuing variation works
Prepare the Final Account
Landscape Architect
Involving beautification of the project internally and
externally.
Plan the best arrangement of roads, walkways, and the
arrangement of flowers, shrubs and trees.
Creating plans and designs, preparing models and cost
estimates
Interior Architect
Involving furnishing and finishing work usually for
prestigious buildings.
Aims to design indoor spaces and areas that are
functional, safety and aesthetically pleasing.
-TOPIC 1-
OVERVIEW OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY (C.I)
- Introduction
- Important of Construction Industry
- Characteristics of Construction Industry
- Problem faced in Construction Industry
PARTIES INVOLVED IN CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
ROLES OF DESIGN TEAM
ROLES OF QUANTITY SURVEYOR (QS)
CLASIFICATION OF THE BUILDINGS AND CIVIL WORKS
ROLES OF QUANTITY SURVEYOR
By:
Norbaizura bt Abu Bakar
ROLES OF QUANTITY SURVEYOR
PRE-TENDER STAGE
BUDGET
COST STUDIES
FINAL ESTIMATE COST PLAN
BILL OF QUANTITIES
PRICING OF BILL OF QUANTITIES
TENDER REPORT
ROLES OF QUANTITY SURVEYOR
POST-TENDER STAGE
INTERIM CERTIFICATE
MEASUREMENT OF VARIATION
CONFIDENTIAL FINANCIAL REPORT
FINAL ACCOUNT
Pre-tender Stage
Preliminary Estimate & Budget
Preliminary Estimate
Prepare preliminary estimate based on Standard Method of
Measurement (SMM), preliminary drawings from Architect &
Engineer & brief information from Client
Do a meeting with Client & other consultants
Pre-tender Stage (cont’d)
Preliminary Estimate & Budget
Budget
Economic budget – reasonable price of materials for saving
cost
Brief a budget allocation to the Client & other consultants
Pre-tender Stage (cont’d)
Cost Study
Cost study on each elements of building based on detailed
drawings
Prepare detailed estimate to get a reasonable alternative
e.g: Finishes
Option A – carpet
Option B – ceramic
Choose the best option within the budget
Pre-tender Stage (cont’d)
Final Estimate Cost Plan
Prepare budget cost for each elements of building
Prepare final estimate cost plan based on final design
Normally 5%-10% accurate with cost budget
Do cost check & cost control
Pre-tender Stage (cont’d)
Preparation of Bill of Quantities & Document Tender
Prepare budget cost for each elements of building
BQ is a complete document that have a contents of;
bill of quantities of all materials used in building
specification
detail quantity for each of elements
Measured accordance with the approved SMM
Pre-tender Stage (cont’d)
Pricing of Bill of Quantities (Pre Tender Estimate)
Pricing the BQ
Advice the Architect on the final sum of tender
Used to make a comparison between tender sum submitted
Pre-tender Stage (cont’d)
Tender Evaluation & Tender Report
Prepare tender report based on reasonable tender sum
Advice the Architect on the final sum of tender
Used to make a comparison between tender sum submitted
Post-tender Stage (cont’d)
Interim Payment
Prepare interim payment based on work progress
Monthly basis but can changed according to condition of
contract
Make a payment to client within 14 days
Post-tender Stage (cont’d)
Measurement of Variation Order
Client wish to change, add and omit certain item
Measured the work to ascertain the cost involved
E.g : change from ceramic tile to carpet for floor finishes
Other variation can be as a result of approving sector
instruction e.g: JKR, BOMBA
Post-tender Stage (cont’d)
Financial Report
Once in 4 month, quarterly, etc.
Report on project progress
Total amount paid to contractor to date
Inform the variation works to date
Actual current cost for building elements
Post-tender Stage (cont’d)
Final Account
Show the amount of construction including variation works
Contract sum to be rationalised to show the actual cost of the
project
Prepared within 3 or 6 months
-TOPIC 1-
OVERVIEW OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY (C.I)
- Introduction
- Important of Construction Industry
- Characteristics of Construction Industry
- Problem faced in Construction Industry
PARTIES INVOLVED IN CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
ROLES OF DESIGN TEAM
ROLES OF QUANTITY SURVEYOR (QS)
CLASIFICATION OF THE BUILDINGS AND CIVIL WORKS
CLASSIFICATION OF THE BUILDING AND
CIVIL WORK
BUILDING
Building may refer on the following;
Any man-made structure used or intended
for supporting or sheltering any use or
continuous occupancy or
An act of construction
TYPE OF BUILDING
Residential buildings – terrace house, bungalow, Semi-D
house, apartment, condominium
Commercial buildings – office, shop office, shopping
complex
Educational buildings – school, university
Industrial buildings – factory, storage
Religious buildings – mosque, temple, church
Agricultural buildings – farm factory
Basic need –
protection
and security
Peace and
Privacy
harmony
need
situation
Function of the
building
Aesthetic
Avoid trespass value
to their property
Characteristic of Building
Strong and durable – for security and
protection
Design – wide and high
Appearance – aesthetic – unique design
Facilities - location
Civil Works
Most civil engineering today deals with
roads, railways, structures, water supply,
sewer, flood control and traffic.
In essence, civil engineering may be
regarded as the profession that makes
the world a more agreeable place in
which to live.
The types of civil works:
a) Roads
b) Railway Track
c) Port
d) Airport
e) Dam
f) Drainage
g) Wave breaker
h) Others
AIRPORT
ROAD & FLYOVER
DAMS
WAVE BREAKER
TUNNEL
RAILWAY TRACKS
